What are the hazards of smoking? Help the gods.

? The reporter's investigation found that when it comes to smoking, most people, whether primary school students or old smokers, will associate cough with lung cancer. It should be said that 20 years have passed since World No Tobacco Day. Even in a big tobacco country with more than 300 million smokers, the concept that smoking is harmful to health has been widely spread. But strangely, although almost everyone can blurt out a few things about the harm of smoking, many old smokers don't agree when they talk about quitting smoking. "Smoking is harmful to health, and not smoking is more harmful." This is their truth. What's more, in order to prove that smoking is reasonable, some netizens specially sorted out "100 benefits of smoking", claiming that "smoking has more benefits than the harm of smoking". Can smoking really prolong life? Does smoking really have the function of preventing diseases? The reporter specially collected some arguments widely circulated among the public to defend smoking, and invited experts to break these fallacies one by one. Statement 1: Mao Zedong only smoked and didn't drink, and lived to the age of 83. Deng Xiaoping smoked and drank until he was 93. The old lady next door didn't smoke or drink, and she lived to be over 60 years old and died of cancer. When it comes to smoking, almost every smoker will use this story as a shield. In this regard, Liu Immigrant pointed out: "This is true for the individuals mentioned in the story, but these are all cases and are not comparable." He said that the harm of smoking is summarized from the results of long-term follow-up of people. Moreover, there are great individual differences between people, and just a few cases can't prove anything. Scientists' research for many years shows that smoking can cause multiple system damage to human body, from the mouth, throat, trachea, lungs, heart and even the whole body, all of which are "victims", even some historical celebrities are no exception. Statement 2: Smoking will cover the lungs with a "protective film", which can effectively prevent SARS and bird flu. "Smoking will only harm the lungs, and it is impossible to bring any protection." Immigrant Liu said that there is no scientific basis for smoking to prevent SARS and bird flu. On the contrary, smoking is the "culprit" leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cor pulmonale. Smoking makes the imbalance between protease and anti-protease, which is the main cause of lung tissue injury. Smoking increases the number of macrophages and neutrophils in the elasticity of alveolar wall, dissolves alveolar wall and forms emphysema. In addition, oxygen free radicals in smoke and tar not only damage lung tissue, but also accelerate the development of COPD. For example, smoking can lead to the obstruction of expiratory airflow and the increase of intrapulmonary pressure, which is one of the causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. About half of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease over 50 years old may develop cor pulmonale. Statement 3: Smoking is a good medicine to lose weight. According to a study in a European country, smoking can inhibit the secretion of glands in the brain and achieve the effect of losing weight. "For a long-term smoker, suddenly quitting smoking may indeed cause obesity in the short term, but it is not because smoking is a good medicine to lose weight." Immigrant Liu pointed out that smoking can cause endocrine and hormonal disorders, suddenly interrupt the stimulation of tobacco, and of course affect endocrine, thus causing obesity in the early stage of quitting smoking. However, this is just another evidence that smoking is harmful to health and has nothing to do with the so-called diet pills. Statement 4: Smoking can refresh the mind, relieve troubles and entertain the body and mind. When you are sleepy, smoking a cigarette will refresh you. When you write an article, you will be inspired when you smoke. When you think about a problem, you will get a spark when you smoke. Smoking can solve problems when you are sad, help you sleep peacefully when you are insomnia, and relieve anxiety when you are nervous. The so-called benefits that smokers talk about are actually brought on the basis of addiction. Nicotine does have a sedative and refreshing pharmacological effect, but it also has great side effects. Nicotine in one cigarette can poison a mouse, and nicotine in 20 cigarettes can poison a cow. The lethal dose of human is 50~70 mg, which is equivalent to the nicotine content of 20~25 cigarettes. If nicotine in a cigar or three cigarettes is injected into a person's vein for 3 to 5 minutes, he will die. Some people may ask, there are many people who smoke more than one box (20 cigarettes) a day, but why are there so few people who die of acute poisoning? Experts explained that the reason is that some nicotine in tobacco is neutralized by formaldehyde, a poison in smoke, and most of them will not smoke continuously. These nicotine enter the human body slowly and intermittently, and only 20% is absorbed by the body. Statement 5: Don't quit smoking casually, or you will get sick. Cigarettes are not good for your health. What are the disadvantages of quitting them? It's certain that I feel a little uncomfortable when I quit, but I can overcome it by my own perseverance. Liu immigrant said that quitting smoking is of course a good thing, but we should also pay attention to the methods and step by step. For heavy smokers who smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day, we should start with the easiest cigarettes to give up: those who smoke mechanically and without thinking. Then step by step, from 20 cigarettes a day to 15 cigarettes a month later, 10 cigarettes a day after two months, and a few cigarettes a day after three months ... Although the number of smoking has not decreased much, as long as you persist, you will have obvious effects after half a year. Statement 6: In a remote mountain village, the villagers are famous for their longevity. An expert who specializes in life science went to inspect and saw an old man basking in the sun at the entrance of the village. He asked, "You live a long life.". The old man said that he was 93 years old, and experts praised him again and again. Experts saw the old man with a pipe in his hand and said that smoking would kill him! The old man replied: Do you think it will take longer to put bacon or fresh meat? Experts are speechless. Bacon and fresh meat-is this really the difference between smokers and non-smokers? Just look at the harmful substances we breathe in when we smoke. Experts pointed out that when smoking, as nicotine and tar enter the body, carbon monoxide is also inhaled. When carbon monoxide enters the body, it will promote the formation of arteriosclerosis and inhibit intracellular respiration. As for nicotine, it will cause excitement, addiction and dependence of the central nervous system after entering the brain tissue, which is the main reason for the difficulty in quitting smoking. Tar is the concentration of all components in the particulate matter of flue gas, which contains carcinogen benzopyrene. Statement 7: Smoking in the toilet can deodorize and remove dirt. "Smoking in the toilet is more harmful than in other places." Immigrant Liu said that the air in the toilet is dirty and there are some harmful gases. If you smoke on the toilet, you will take a few deep breaths. At the same time of smoking, harmful gases in the air will be inhaled into the lungs, which is of course more unsanitary. The surface seems to be far away from the odor, but it is actually closer to the malodorous gas. Smoking can cause many kinds of cancers. Wang Yuandong, a professor of thoracic surgery at the Cancer Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College, pointed out that since 1950s, a large number of epidemiological studies have confirmed that smoking is the primary risk factor of lung cancer, and 87% of patients who died of lung cancer are caused by smoking and passive smoking. The mortality rate of lung cancer in male smokers is 8 ~ 20 times that of non-smokers. Besides lung cancer, smoking is closely related to the following three kinds of cancers: 1. Pancreatic cancer: After studying the epidemic trend of pancreatic cancer, American experts believe that pancreatic cancer is related to smoking. Studies have confirmed that the risk of pancreatic cancer in smokers is 2-3 times higher than that in non-smokers. 2. Hematological tumor: According to the American Cancer Journal, the risk of smokers suffering from hematological tumor has increased by 65,438+0.78 times, and one third of patients with hematological tumor in the United States are long-term smokers. 3. Bladder cancer: According to the data of American Cancer Society, 49% of male patients with bladder cancer and 65,438+00% of female patients with bladder cancer are caused by smoking. The three factors of tobacco carcinogenesis are recognized by all countries in the world. Smoking is associated with a variety of cancers. Recent research shows that smoking causes cancer mainly due to the following three factors: 1. Radioactive injury: During the growth of tobacco, other plants are more likely to absorb radioactive substances from soil, fertilizer and air, resulting in more radionuclides in tobacco. According to statistics, if you smoke 30 cigarettes a day, the annual radiation dose to the human body is equivalent to the cumulative dose of 100 x-rays. 2. Impaired immune function: Smoking will damage human immune function. 3. Destroy cell genes: Tobacco contains many carcinogens, such as nicotine, pyridine, ammonia, tobacco tar, carbon monoxide and aromatic compounds, among which tobacco tar is the most harmful. These carcinogens are everywhere, and the best way is to drill into the gene base and transfer the diseased gene to the offspring cells to become potential cancer cells. N puzzles of smokers: I have been smoking for 20 years. Is it too late to quit now? A: It's still good to quit smoking now. Since you quit smoking, the harm of smoking will not continue to increase, and the toxins accumulated in your body will gradually decrease, thus reducing the risk of chronic bronchitis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. Similarly, quitting smoking is good for preventing cancer, so no matter how long you smoke, no matter when you decide to quit smoking, it is "not too late". However, it should be noted that if a precancerous lesion or early cancer has been formed in someone due to smoking, it is impossible to completely disappear in a short time after quitting smoking. Therefore, if cancer appears in the short term after quitting smoking, it is not caused by quitting smoking, but by smoking for a long time before quitting smoking. But the benefit of quitting smoking for this person is to slow down the process of cancer occurrence and development, which is conducive to treatment. Q: How often should smokers have a physical examination? What must the physical examination items include? A: Smokers should have a chest X-ray every six months, or even a chest X-ray, because chest X-ray may sometimes miss the diagnosis. Smokers over 55 years old should have a comprehensive physical examination every year. For smokers in areas with high incidence of lung cancer or with a family history of lung cancer, low-dose spiral CT screening is recommended. Q: What symptoms should smokers be vigilant after? A: Cough is the first common symptom of smokers. However, smokers think that the cough caused by smoking often masks the illness and even delays the diagnosis and treatment of serious diseases. When many smokers are diagnosed with lung cancer, it is already in the advanced stage, and as a result, the opportunity for treatment is missed. Therefore, smokers should be specially reminded that if there is a change in cough habits, irritating cough, bloodshot sputum and hoarseness when coughing, they should see a doctor in time and not be careless. Q: Is it successful to quit smoking for several months? A: The recurrence rate is calculated on a two-year basis. If you don't smoke for two years or more, you can quit smoking successfully. Therefore, smokers should make long-term preparations, and the more fully they understand the harm of tobacco and the difficulty of quitting smoking, the greater the possibility of success in quitting smoking.