The most prosperous period in China's history-Song Renzong period in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Song Renzong (1010-1063) was the fourth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. As an emperor, he has all the power in the world. Song Renzong created the most prosperous era in the history of China, which even the later emperors envied. So, Song Renzong, how did he do it? Song Renzong, 54, died in March of the lunar calendar in A.D. 1063, and people inside and outside the Song government wept and mourned all over the country. "History of Song Dynasty" records: "The capital city stopped crying for several days, although beggars and children all burned paper money and cried in front of ouchi"; The news of his death spread to Luoyang, and the citizens stopped to mourn. The smoke burning paper money filled the sky of Luoyang City, so that it was "dark". His death even affected remote mountainous areas. At that time, an official went to Sichuan on business and passed by Jiange. He saw women wearing paper mourning hats in the ravine to mourn the emperor. After the obituary of Zhao Zhen's death was sent to Liao, "People cry when they are near in the territory of Yan". At that time, Ye Lv Hongji, a monarch of Liao, was also surprised. He rushed up and grabbed the hand of the messenger of Song, crying and saying, "I haven't known soldiers for forty-two years." "He said," I want to build a monument for him to show my condolences. After Song Renzong, Wang Anshi's political reform failed, and Zhao Yong of Song Shenzong restored the moderate improvement of his grandfather Song Renzong Zhao Zhen. The monarch of Liao hurriedly called the generals and said, "Don't make trouble at the border again, and the Song Dynasty returned to the road of Renzong." It was not until 700 years later that Emperor Qianlong, who felt very good about himself, had to admit that besides his grandfather Kangxi, the other two were Emperor Taizong and Song Renzong. Song Renzong was one of the few emperors in the past dynasties. He was the fourth emperor in the Northern Song Dynasty and the longest-serving emperor in the Great Song Dynasty-42 years in office. The Song Dynasty was the most prosperous era of economy, culture and education in the ancient history of China. Chen, a famous historian, said: "The culture of the Chinese nation has developed for thousands of years and reached its peak in the Zhao and Song Dynasties. Chen's "extreme" and "the world of Zhao and Song" mainly refer to the ruling period. Among the eight classical Chinese writers in China, the Northern Song Dynasty alone accounted for six. These six schools (Su San, Ouyang Xiu, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi) were all active in the Renzong era. Three of China's four great inventions-movable type printing, gunpowder and compass-all appeared in the Renzong era. Why can Song Renzong create the most prosperous era in history? This is related to his kind style. Su Zhe is the younger brother of Su Shi, a great writer. Together with his father Su Xun, he occupied three seats in the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". Two years in Jiayou (1057). Su Zhe and his brother Su Shi joined the Jinshi Department. In this examination for promotion to Jinshi, Su Zhe, who was in high spirits and worried about the country and people, wrote on the paper: "I heard on the road that there are thousands of beautiful women in the palace, singing, dancing and drinking all day, indulging in money. "The emperor doesn't care about the sufferings of ordinary people, and he doesn't discuss with ministers the plan of governing the country and keeping the country safe. At that time, the examiner thought that Su Zhe was out of thin air, maliciously slandered and suggested severe punishment. Song Renzong said quietly, "I set up the Imperial Examination to welcome people who dare to speak. Su Zhe, a small official who dares to speak so bluntly, should be distinguished from fame. On the basis of hearsay, hot-blooded Su Zhe made wild comments on state affairs in the imperial examination, aiming at the emperor. Even in the prosperous time of Kanggan, the fate of Jiuzu was inevitable. This shows Song Renzong's tolerant attitude. There is a more typical example of Song Renzong's tolerance for scholars. At that time, there was a scholar in Sichuan who presented a poem to the magistrate of Chengdu, arguing that "the sword gate was broken and the pavilion was burned, and Chengdu was dry and Kun". When the Chengdu magistrate saw it, he broke out in a cold sweat and thought it was openly inciting rebellion. He was tied to the capital and asked the court for punishment. According to the laws of past dynasties, this scholar who made rude remarks and was suspected of "inciting rebellion" should at least be punished as "endangering national security", if not as "treason". Who knows that Song Renzong has his own unique views on this matter. He said matter-of-factly: "This is an old scholar who is eager to be an official. He wrote a poem to vent his anger. How could he be punished? " Might as well give him an official. "So, the scholar was awarded the position of minister of joining the army. Throughout thousands of years of history, as a feudal emperor, some people may tolerate Su Zhe, but I'm afraid only Song Renzong can tolerate Sichuan literati. This shows that Song Renzong is very rational, and he can analyze specific problems. Even people who "incite rebellion" can see the essence through the phenomenon, distinguish right from wrong, and distinguish whether they really want to rebel or complain. Then make a judgment that conforms to the facts and make a wise decision. At that time, Korea, the feudal dynasty on the Korean peninsula, paid tribute to the Northern Song Dynasty. On one occasion, the emissary came back and reported that North Korea's tribute was getting less and less, and asked to send troops to teach North Korea a lesson. Song Renzong said: This is only korean king's fault. If we send troops now, the king may not be killed, but countless people will be killed. So I finally ignored it and did not resort to force. Song Renzong is not only kind and generous to others, but also strict with himself. The history books record many stories about him being strict with himself. On one occasion, Song Renzong was walking and looked back from time to time. His followers don't know what the emperor is doing. When Song Renzong returned to the palace, he said to his concubines, "I'm thirsty. Go and get some water. "The concubines were surprised and asked Injong," "When you are outside, why don't you let your attendants serve you with water, while you have to endure thirst?" Song Renzong replied, "I looked back many times, but I didn't see them preparing the kettle. If I ask, someone will be punished, so I put up with my thirst and came back to drink water. "It's not easy to be so considerate of subordinates. What Song Renzong wants to do most in his life is political reform, because only political reform can change the phenomenon of poverty and weakness and make Qiang Bing rich. However, the long-term preparation for the "Li Qing Reform" soon failed. He didn't lose heart. When the peasants invaded Guangnan County, they broke through the personnel system and squeezed through the crowd, making an exception and appointing Di Qing, a general from a military background, as commander in chief, to quell the peasants' rebellion. Two years before his death, he once again used Wang Anshi as an official and planned another larger-scale reform. Stop struggling and you stop living. When creating spiritual wealth, intellectuals especially need spiritual relaxation. The era of Renzong was a particularly relaxed era for intellectuals, so literary and artistic undertakings were very developed. Among the eight classical Chinese writers in China, the Northern Song Dynasty alone accounted for six. These six schools (Su San, Ouyang Xiu, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi) were all active in the Renzong era. In the later period of Injong, Fu Bi, Han Qi, Wen Yanbo and Ceng Gongliang successively served as prime ministers, Ouyang Xiu participated in politics, Bao Zheng served as the deputy envoy of the Privy Council, Sima Guang knew the suggestion court, and Wang Anshi knew the imperial edict, which was truly a talent peak and full of gentlemen. Such a grand occasion only existed in the Song Dynasty and only in the Song Renzong era.