Who is Sima Yi?

The portrait of Sima Yi is Sima Yi, the emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty (179-25 1). His name is Zhong Da, Han nationality, born in Xiaojinli, Wenxian County, Hanoi County (now Wenxian County, Henan Province). Wei was an outstanding politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period and the founder of the Western Jin Dynasty. He used to be the commander-in-chief of Cao Wei, Qiu and Taifu. He was an important minister who assisted the three generations of Wei, and later became a minister in charge of Wei's state affairs. The greatest achievement in my life is that I led the army to successfully fight against Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition many times. After his death, posthumous title Wuyang Xuanwenhou, the second son Si Mazhao was named as the Queen of Jin, and Sima Yi was named after him. After Sima Yan proclaimed himself emperor, Sima Yi was honored as Xuan Di.

family background

Sima Yi (Yi) first came from Li Zhong, the son of Emperor Zhu Rong in Xia Dynasty, and lived in Tang Dynasty, Yu Dynasty, Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty. During the Zhou Dynasty, Xia Guan was Sima. Later, Bai Cheng divorced his father, and when he was in Zhou Xuanwang, he took the clan of Shi Guan Ke Xupingfang and Xi Guan as his surname. Sima Yi took 20 screenshots. At the time of Chu and Han Dynasties, Sima An was the general of Zhao State, and he fought against Qin State with the governors. Qin Wu was the king of Yin, with Hanoi as the capital. Korea regards its land as its county, and its children and grandchildren regard it as their home. From Ang VIII to Emperor An of the Eastern Han Dynasty, General Jun was born in the West, and the word Shu Ping. Sima Shengjun's "yu zhang" is too strict in quantity and acceptable in wording. Yingchuan satrap Sima Juan has a different personality. Jing Sima Fang, a Chinese character. Sima Fang is Sima Yi's father (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). Sima Yan, the emperor of Jin Dynasty, said in one of his imperial edicts: "All people were born here, and the rites have been passed down for a long time" (Book of Rites of Jin). Sima Yi, the second son of Sima Fang, is said in history books to be "rare, intelligent, knowledgeable and obedient to Confucianism". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. Sima Yi was born in troubled times and "always worried about the world" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).

one's early years

Nanyang, the satrap of Yang, is famous for knowing people and being good at their duties. Sima Yi was less than twenty years old. When Yang met him, he said that he was not an ordinary son. Shangshu Cui Yan befriended Sima Yi's brother Sima Lang and once said to Sima Lang, "Your brother is smart and just disconnected from the Internet, which is beyond Sima Yi's stills (19)." (Jin Shu's Xuandi Ji) In the sixth year of Jian 'an (20 1), the county elected him as Shangji rafter. Cao Cao was in power at that time. After hearing his fame, he sent someone to ask him to work in the government. Seeing that the national fortune of the Han Dynasty was weak, Sima Yi refused to be commanded by Cao Cao, so he made an excuse that he had rheumatism and could not live. Cao Cao didn't believe it, so he sent someone to find out the news at night. Sima Yi lay there motionless, as if she was really infected with wind arthralgia.

Folk unofficial history

According to legend, Sima Yi is known as the "tomb-robbing tiger", and is also known as the "exotic tomb-robbing tiger of Wolong Feng Chu" with Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong and Jiang Wei.

take office

In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), after Cao Cao became prime minister, Sima Yi was appointed as a literary hero by compulsory means. Cao Cao said to the emissary, "If you delay any longer, you will accept it" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). Sima yi was afraid and had to take office. Cao Cao asked him to travel with the prince, and served as assistant minister of Huangmen, negotiator, minister of Cao Dongcheng and prime minister's main book. Cao Cao found that Sima Yi turned his head like a wolf, and he could turn his head without moving his body 180, so he had doubts about Sima Yi. Sima Yi works under Cao Cao and is cautious and diligent. "As for the relationship between straw and animal husbandry, we all know that we are in shoes." Sima yi

In the 20th year of Jian 'an (2 15), Cao Cao conquered Zhang Lu and Sima Yi joined the army. He said to Cao Cao, "Liu Bei took Liu Zhang by deception, and the Shu people fought for Jiangling without attaching it. This opportunity is now or never. Today, if Wei Yao is in Hanzhong, Yizhou will waver and enter the enemy, and it will inevitably collapse. Therefore, trends can easily become a skill. When a saint is irreversible, you must not lose time. " Cao Cao said, "If the people are not satisfied with their sufferings, they will have Longyou and will want to recover Shu!" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) did not adopt his suggestion. In the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), when Sun Quan showed his loyalty to Cao Cao, he encouraged Cao Cao to stand on his own feet as emperor. Cao Cao said, "This son wants evil in my furnace!" Chen Qun, a courtier, and Huan Jie, a senior minister, said, "The Han Dynasty is over, and Your Highness's 10th generation will serve it. Power is a vassal, which means the meaning of heaven and man. Worried people, Xia, Yin and Zhou are not humble, and they are afraid of know life. " ("The Reflection of the Three Kingdoms, Emperor Wudi, Pei Songzhi, Note Wei Lue") At that time, there were still many gate bureaucrats under Cao Cao who supported the Han Dynasty, which was deeply taboo by Cao Cao. However, Yu Xun, Cui Yan and other famous stars did not come to a good end because they had objections to Cao Shidai's Han Dynasty. Probably Sima Yi supported Cao Cao for a long time on this key issue, so Cao Cao gradually changed from doubt to trust. Cao Cao entered the title and was promoted to Sima Yi as the illegitimate son of the prince, assisting Cao Pi. At that time, Sima Yi was trusted and reused by Cao Pi, so the relationship between them has been very good. Sima Yi, Chen Qun, Wu Zhi and Zhu Shuo are called four friends. Sima Yi's Middle Age Map in the History of the Three Kingdoms 1 1

Since then, Sima Yi has often sought state affairs and made many surprising plans. Soon, Sima Yi became a Sima in the Prime Minister's army. He pointed out that Hu Xiu, the secretariat of Jingzhou, was rude, and Nanxiang (managing Nanxiang, now southeast of Xichuan, Henan Province) was arrogant and extravagant, so he could not be stationed in the border defense. Cao Cao also ignored it. In June of the same year, after Liu Bei captured Hanzhong, he sent Meng Da and Liu Feng to capture Fangling and Shang Yong in the east of Hanzhong County, and his influence expanded. In July, Sun Quan wanted to attack and merge, and most of Wei Jun mobilized Huainan to guard against Wu Jun. Guan Yu, the former general of Shu guarding Jingzhou, took this opportunity to stay in Nanjun (governing Jiangling, now Jiangling, Hubei), guarding Jiangling Mi Fang, the general of public security Fu Shiren (now northwest Hubei), and attacking Jingxiang in the north (Wei Jingzhou governing Xinye, now Xinye, Henan; Xiangyang county governs Xiangyang, now Xiangfan, Hubei). Coss, the general who besieged Wei, drowned in the seventh army and beheaded Pound. At that time, there were only a few thousand defenders in Fancheng, and the city walls collapsed in many places because of flooding. Coss once considered giving up Fancheng, but was dissuaded by Man Chong, the satrap of Runa who assisted Coss. Coss is determined to fight bravely. Hu and Fu really took the opportunity to go to Shu. At this time, Lu Hun (now the northeast of Song County, Henan Province), Sun Lang and others also killed officials and rose up in response to Guan Yu. Guan Yu's imposing manner is "a sublime China" (The History of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Zhang Guan Macelo Wong Zhao Chuan). At that time, the capital was in Xu County, close to Fancheng, and Cao Cao felt threatened. In order to avoid Guan Yu's sharp edge, he was once ready to move the capital to Hebei. Sima Yi, Cao Xun and Jiang Ji promptly dissuaded them: "If the imperial army is defeated by water, it will be moved to the capital without fighting or defending, and the national economy will not be damaged, which not only shows the weakness of the enemy, but also makes people uneasy. Sun Quan and Liu Bei are proud of their feathers, but they are unwilling. It can be said that Fan Wei will solve it after the order is given. " According to his plan, Sun Quan really sent Monroe to attack Jiangling, and Guan Yu was captured and killed by him. With the victory of this war, Cao Cao used Sun Liu to seize the conflict in Jingzhou and made full use of diplomatic strategy to make huge profits, which not only defeated Guan Yu's powerful offensive and lifted the siege of Fancheng, but also made Zhuge Liang's original plan of hitting Wanluo and Qinchuan all the way impossible. More importantly, it destroyed the alliance between Sun and Liu, changed the strategic pattern at that time and gained the initiative. After Huang Xu repelled Guan Yu, Cao Cao hated Jingzhou and the people nearby and wanted to drive them away. Sima Yi believes: "Jingchu is light, easy to move, and difficult to decide. Guan Yu's new breakthrough is to hide from the wicked. Those who move to their goodness today not only hurt their aspirations, but also make those who leave dare not return. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) Cao Cao followed, and there were no immigrants. As expected, all the Tibetan fugitives have returned to China for naturalization. In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Cao died, and the ruling and opposition parties were in danger. Sima Yi manages the funeral, both inside and outside. In the same year, Cao Pi acceded to the throne as Wei, and Sima Yi was appointed as the Hou of Hejin Pavilion and transferred to the post of Prime Minister. Sun Quan led the army to the west. Courtiers believe that Fancheng and Xiangyang are short of food and unable to resist Wu Jun. Please call garrison commander Coss back to Wancheng. Sima Yi, on the other hand, thinks that the two cities should not be abandoned: "Sun Quan has broken Guan Yu, and when he wants to stop, he will not dare to make trouble. Xiangyang is in a hurry, and it is important to defend the enemy. You can't abandon it. " Cao Pi didn't listen to him and ordered Coss to set fire to the two cities. Later, Sun Quan did not invade. Cao Pi regretted it too late. In the same year, xelloss acceded to the throne, known as Wei Wendi. Because Sima Yi made great contributions to Cao Pi's "usurpation of the Han Dynasty", after Cao Pi acceded to the throne, Sima Yi was appointed as the minister of history, and soon became the governor, suggestion and honesty, and sealed Anguo Township. In the second year of Huang Chu (22 1), he was removed from the position of overseer and promoted to the right servant of the assistant minister and minister. In the year of Huang San (222) and five years (224), Cao Pi attacked Wu twice, taking Sima Yi as the commander of Xuchang, and changed Sima Yi to. Huang Chu six years (225) in the spring of February, transferred to the government as a general, on holiday, led the troops of five thousand, added to things, record the history. When Sima Yi resigned, Cao Pi said, "I am working day and night in ordinary affairs without a moment's rest. This is not pride, but sorrow. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) In the same year, Cao Pi attacked Wu with a water army in Daxing, and still ordered Sima Yi to stay behind, "the town people provided military forces outside" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). Before he left, he wrote a letter to Sima Yi, which said, "I am deeply worried about my future, so I want to appoint you. Although Cao Can has made meritorious military service, Xiao He is the most important. I don't have to worry about the west! " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) After Cao Pi returned to Luoyang from Guangling, he wrote to Sima Yi and said, "My east and government troops should be the general manager of western affairs; I am the west, and Fu Jun is the general manager of Dong. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) So Sima Yi stayed in Xuchang.

Assistant minister

In May of the seventh year of Huang Chu (226), Cao Pi died at the age of forty. On his deathbed, Sima Yi, general Cao Zhen of Zhong Jun, general Chen Qun of Zhenjun and general Cao Xiu of Zhengdong were appointed as ministers of Fuzheng. Cao Pi said to the prince, "Don't doubt that there is such a person." (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) Ming Di acceded to the throne and changed Sima Yi to the marquis of Wuyang. Sima Yi in the Animation Romance of the Three Kingdoms

After learning of his death, Sun Quan sent troops to attack Wei in August. Zuo Wu general Zhu Gejin was ordered to attack Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei Province) in two ways, and personally led the army to attack Jiangxia County (safe place, now southwest of Yunmeng, Hubei Province). Sun Quan was defeated by Wei Jun all the way, so he withdrew and left. But Zhu Gejin was defeated by Sima Yi, who killed Zhang Ba, a general, and beheaded more than a thousand people. 12 months, promoted to a title of generals in ancient times. In June of the first year of Taihe (227), Ming Di ordered Sima Yi to be stationed in Wancheng, and added Jing and Yuzhou military forces. When Shu sent Meng Da to see Wei, Wei was very friendly to him. Sima Yi thinks that his words and deeds are clever and cannot be trusted. But the emperor didn't listen, and appointed Mengda to lead the new city as the prefect, seal the Hou and have a holiday. After Wei Wendi's death, Meng Da fell out of favor, and Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, secretly communicated with him in an attempt to rebel against Wei. Zhuge Liang was afraid that his words and deeds would be capricious and wanted to urge him to rebel quickly. Knowing that Qiu Wissing had a contradiction with Shen Yi, he sent Guo Mozhi to Shen Yi to surrender, deliberately making the matter public. Mengda heard the inside story and was anxious to arise. After Shen Yi told Sima Yi about it, Sima Yi worried that he would suddenly attack and wrote a letter to him. The letter said: "The general abandoned Liu Bei and committed himself to the country. The general of the state Committee was appointed as a general to fight for Shu, which can be described as a matter of one day. Shu people are stupid and wise, and they all hate generals. Zhuge Liang wants to break the other side, but he has no choice. What the model says is not trivial. It is easy to know whether it is light enough to make it known. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) Meng Da was overjoyed and hesitated. Sima Yi secretly led the army to discuss. When people saw the handover between Mengda and Wu Shu, they advised Sima Yi to watch before moving. Sima Yi said, "If you don't believe, you will doubt, and if you doubt, you will decide." (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) Sima Yi personally led an army to crusade against Mengda day and night, and arrived at the new city gate eight days later. Wu and Shu led troops to save Mengda, but Sima Yi stopped them in Mulan, Xicheng. Previously, Zhuge Liang had warned Meng Da to plan ahead and not to be fooled. Meng Da said, "Go to 800 Li, and go to our country 1200 Li. As soon as I heard that I was the emperor on the table, I went backwards. In January, our city will be solid, and all armies can do it. " Then I was in deep danger, and Sima Gong didn't come; I have nothing to worry about when the generals come. (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) When I was in Enemy at the Gates, Meng Da wrote to Zhuge Liang again, saying, "I mentioned this matter and arrived at the gate on the eighth day. How fast!" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) Shangyong City is surrounded by water on three sides, and Mengda set up a wooden fence outside the city to strengthen the Yugoslav capital. Sima yi crossed the water and destroyed his fence to the city gate. In the first month of the second year of Taihe (228), Sima Bingyi attacked the city on the 16th, and Meng Da's nephew Deng Xian and his Ministry Li Fu surrendered in Kaesong. Wei Jun entered the city, captured and beheaded Mengda, and sent him to the capital to capture more than 10,000 people. Sima yi returned to the army to stay in Wancheng, rewarded farming and mulberry, and banned floating fees. Southern officials and people fully believe. In the early days, Shen Yi was in Weixing County for a long time, playing politics by force, engraving imperial edicts in the name of the emperor without authorization, and honoring them privately. After Mengda was killed, Shen Yi became suspicious. At that time, the county chiefs saw that Sima Yi had defeated the enemy and offered gifts to congratulate them. Sima Yi let go and let people hint to Shen Yi. Shenyi had to come to congratulate. Sima Yi took the opportunity to arrest him and send him to Beijing. Sima Yi moved more than 7,000 households in Meng Dayu to Youzhou. Soon, Jing Yao, Zheng Tuo and others led his men to surrender. At that time, the border county was newly attached, and the household registration was fake. The court asked for a certificate and asked Sima Yi to go to Beijing for advice. Sima Yi thought, "The thief was bound by a dense net, so he abandoned it. The outline of Hongyi is natural and happy. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) Ming Di and his Wu Shu should March eastward. Where should we start? Sima Yi replied, "Wu dares to live in Dongguan because China has never studied water warfare. Anyone who attacks the enemy will choke him by the throat and beat his heart. Xiakou and Dongguan are the hearts and throats of thieves. If the army leads its strength to Anhui city and the water war army leads it to Xiakou, it will attack it by taking advantage of its weakness. This magic soldier will fall from the sky and be broken. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) Ming Di agreed with him and ordered him to stay in Wancheng. In May of the second year of Taihe (228), Zhou Fu, the satrap of Wu Poyang, sent a personal letter to Cao Xiu, falsely claiming that he was censured by the king of Wu and intended to abandon Wu and demote Wei, requesting to send troops to meet the enemy. Cao Xiu couldn't tell the truth from the false, that is, he led 654.38+ ten thousand cavalry to meet in Wancheng (now Anhui Buried Hill). Ming Di also ordered Sima Yi to lead an army to meet Cao Xiu in Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei). In August, Cao Xiu was defeated by Wu Jun, and the remnant army was saved by Jia Kui. In the third year of Taihe (229), Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, sent troops to attack Wei for the third time and occupied Wudu and two counties. In the fourth year of Taihe (230), he decided to attack Shu. Sima Yi was promoted to general, commander-in-chief, and false, and together with Zhen, he cut Shu. In August, Cao Zhen was ordered to lead the main force from Chang 'an to Gu, general Zhang He from left to Sima Yi from Jingzhou to Hanshui to Xicheng (now northwest of Ankang, Shaanxi), and the soldiers attacked Hanzhong in three ways. Sima Yi opened a road from Xicheng, went hand in hand with land and water, went upstream along Mianshui River, took Xiajin directly, conquered Xinfeng County, stationed in Kou Dan, and transferred troops in case of rain. In February of the fifth year of Taihe (23 1), Zhuge Liang, the prime minister, led the army to attack Wei for the fourth time, surrounded Jia Si and Wei Ping in Qishan (now the mountainous area in the southeast of Gansu), and transported grain and grass with wooden cattle and horses. Ming Di said to Sima Yi, "If you do something in the west, you will be rewarded" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji), and sent him to Chang 'an in the west, with Zhang He, the governor, and Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, guarding the Shu army. Sima Yi left Fei Yi and Dai Ling to lead 4,000 men to defend Lu 'an (now Tianshui, Gansu) and led the main force to save Qishan in the west. Zhang He advised Sima Yi to divide his troops and station in Yong and Yan, making the town the rear area. Sima Yi disagreed. He said: "It is expected that the former army can be independent, and the general is right. If you can't do it, you can divide it into two parts. This is why all three armies of Chu are Qing Bu birds. "So I advanced to the moose. When Zhuge Liang heard that Wei's army was coming, he also divided his troops to attack Qishan and led the main force to meet Sima Yi. Guo Huai and Fei Yao attacked the Shu army, which was broken by Zhuge Liang. Then lead the Shu army to harvest the cooked wheat first and get the commissary. At this point, there are two completely different records of future operations in the history books. "The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji" is recorded as follows: ..... The army arrived from the commander-in-chief. All the generals were afraid, and the emperor said, "I am tired, and this soldier is greedy." "Bright does not dare to follow the water, easy to listen." Enter Hanyang, meet Liang, and the emperor is waiting. When Taurus was tempted, the soldiers took over and retreated brightly, chasing Qishan. Liangtun Lucheng (now Tianshui South, Gansu Province) is surrounded by two mountains, north and south. The emperor attacked and pulled out his encirclement. He escaped at night. Chase, break through and capture thousands of people. "Zi Jian Juan 72" is recorded as follows: ... Guo Huai, Fei Yao, etc. Bright, bright, broken, because of its bumper wheat harvest, in the high east and easy to meet. Yi Yi gathered the army in danger, and the soldiers were not allowed to pay, but the light led back. As for the halogen city, Yi and others will find it all after. Zhang He said, "He came from afar to be my enemy, so he couldn't fight, saying that my interests were not in the war, and he wanted to use a long-term plan to control it. And Qishan knows that the army is close, and the human feelings are solid. You can stop here and divide into Indiana Jones, which means it is not appropriate to move forward. If you dare not push, you will lose popularity. Today, I am alone, eating less, and I can go. " If you don't listen, look for light. When he arrived, he climbed mountains, dug camps and refused to fight. Jia Xu and Wei Ping fought several times, saying, "You are afraid of Shu as a tiger, but why are you laughing?" Get sick easily. The generals are ready to fight. In summer and May, Xinji and Yi made Zhang He attack unprepared, and He Ping was in Nanwei, and the case was clarified. Liang ordered Wei Yan, Gao Xiang and Wu Ban to meet, and suffered a crushing defeat. He gave the Han soldiers 3,000 armor and also stayed in the camp. In June, Liang withdrew with grain, and Sima Yi sent Zhang He to chase him. Into the wooden door (now southwest of Tianshui, Gansu Province), fighting with Liang, Shu people took high cloth, shot with a crossbow, and died in the right knee with an arrow. It can be seen that the former said that Sima Yi won, while the latter said that Sima Yi also lost. In the biographies of Zhuge Liang, Zhang He and Guo Huai in the history of the Three Kingdoms, this war has passed. Nowadays, many military reference books are based on the latter. These two books describe the general trend of war in the same way. Sima Yi not only stored grain in Longxi, but also solved the siege of Qishan. In the end, the two armies were deadlocked, and the Shu army ran out of food and grass and retreated. After the Shu army retreated, the military strategist Du and the supervisor Xue Xu estimated that Zhuge Liang would enter the army next year when the wheat was ripe, and suggested that grain and grass should be transported in winter to solve the problem of food shortage in Longyou. Sima Yi said, "When the Qishan Mountain is exposed, our army will attack Chencang and lose. If you go out from the back and stop attacking the city, you must hit Longdong, not the west. Every time I hate lack of food, I will accumulate food. As I expected, I can't move unless I have three barns. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) In February of the second year of Qing Long (234), Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, led 65,438+10,000 troops to attack Wei. In April, Zhuge Liang went to Yan County (now north of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province) and stationed in the south of Weihe River. Sima Yi, the general of Wei State, led the army across the Wei River and built a water barrier. The generals wanted to be at loggerheads with Zhuge Liang in Weibei, and Sima Yi said, "All the generals will gather in Weinan, which is also a battleground for military strategists." (Jin Shu Xuandi Ji) Then crossed the Weihe River and set up camp. After analyzing the situation, Sima Yi said to the generals: "If you are brave, go to the east with martial arts. If you go to Wuzhangyuan in the west (now southwest of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province), then all the troops will be fine." (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) Zhuge Liang really went to Wuzhangyuan. All the generals of Wei are happy, but Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, is worried. He said, "Brightness strives for the northern plain, so it is advisable to follow it first" (Zi Tongzhi Jian, Volume 72), but most of them disagree. Guo Huai said, "It is not good for the country to cross the Weihe River and climb to the plain, and the northern mountain will join forces, isolate the long road and shake the people out." Sima Yi realized the importance of Beiyuan and ordered Guo Huai and others to move to Beiyuan. Before the wall was built, the Shu army succeeded, but the attack failed, and the two armies were in a state of confrontation. In May, Wu Jun attacked Wei with 654.38+100,000 roads to cooperate with the Shu army. Wei Mingdi sent Qin Lang to lead twenty thousand people to assist Sima Yi, and led the main force to fight back against Wu Jun. In July, Wu Jun retreated. Zhuge Liang's eastward advance was blocked by Sima Yi, who advanced from Weishui and was blocked by Guo Huai. He transferred troops to capture Sanguan, Longcheng and other places, and then returned to attack Sima Yi. In August, Sima Yi followed Ming Di's instructions of "guarding the city but refusing to defend it" and held a stalemate with Zhuge Liang for more than one hundred days. Zhuge Liang challenged several times, but Sima Yi couldn't get out of the wall. He wanted to wait until the Shu army ran out of food before attacking. Zhuge Liang sent someone to send Sima Yi "a woman's ornament" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) to humiliate him. He wanted to inspire Sima Yi to play, but Sima Yi still didn't play. In order to calm the dissatisfaction of my subordinates, I pretended to be angry. I went to the table and asked for a good fight. Ming Di is not allowed to send Xin Pi, the minister of orthopedics, as Sima Yi's strategist to control his actions. After Zhuge Liang came to challenge, Sima Yi was about to lead the troops to attack. Xin Pi's scepter stood at the military gate, and Sima Yi did not send troops. When Xin Pi arrived, Jiang Wei, the general of Shu, said to Zhuge Liang, "Xin Pi has come with a scepter, and the thief will not turn back." Zhuge Liang said, "He has no feelings of war, so he invited soldiers to his ear to show his strength. I will be in the army, and your life will not be affected. If you can control me, how can you fight evil thousands of miles away! " (Biography of the Three Kingdoms Zhuge Liang) Zhuge Liang then divided his army and settled the field, preparing for a long-term battle. Sima Fu, Sima Yi's younger brother, wrote to inquire about the military situation at the front. Sima Yi wrote back: "If you are ambitious, you will not see opportunities. More plans, fewer decisions. If you are a good soldier, you have no right. Although you lost a hundred thousand soldiers, you will be ruined. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) Soon, Zhuge Liang sent messengers to fight. Sima Yi did not talk about military affairs and asked the envoy, "How does Zhuge Gong live? How many meters can he eat? " The messenger said, "Three or four liters." Then asked about politics, the messenger said, "Twenty penalties have been introspective." Sima Yi made a casual inquiry and said to people, "Liang will die." Sure enough, Zhuge Liang died in Zhang Wu's former army that month.

Shu will not send out obituaries, and the whole army will retreat. When the local people saw the Shu army retreating, they reported to Sima Yi, who sent troops to pursue it. Shu general Yang Yi returned to the flag and counterattacked. Sima Yi thought that he had been tricked into withdrawing troops. The next day, Sima Yi came to Zhuge Liang's camp and praised Zhuge Liang as "a genius in the world!" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) Xin Pi thinks that Zhuge Liang's death is still unknown. Sima Yi said, "The military attaches great importance to it, and now it is abandoned. How can anyone donate their five treasures and live? " It is advisable to chase it. "("Jin Shu Xuandi Ji ") So he led the troops to chase. There are many tribulus in Guanzhong area. Sima Yi sent 3000 soldiers to walk in front of the army wearing flat clogs made of soft materials. All the thorns were stabbed on the clogs, and then the army advanced. All the way to the red shore, this just got the exact death of Zhuge Liang. At that time, there was a proverb that said: "Zhuge died, and Zhong Dasheng. Sima Yi said with a smile: "I expect to be born, but I can't expect to die. "("History of the Three Kingdoms ") The battle of Zhuge Liang attacking Wei, which lasted for seven years, ended here. Although Zhuge Liang made a strategic mistake, he defeated Wei with a state in the Central Plains. Even if he tries his best to show loyalty and wisdom, his strategic goal is difficult to achieve because of the disparity in strength. Under the correct command of Sima Yi and others, Wei adopted the strategy of defending with superior forces, and finally forced the Shu army to retreat without fighting and won the final victory. Shu generals Yang Yi and Wei Yan fought for power and profit after withdrawing their troops, and Yang Yi killed Wei Yan. Sima Yi wanted to seize the opportunity to attack Shu, but Ming Di didn't approve, so he had to give up.

Pingding Liaodong

In the third year of Qinglong (235), Sima Yi was promoted to Taiwei. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, warlords scuffled and Gongsun Du occupied Liaodong. This separatist force hypocritically rebelled against the Cao Wei regime from time to time and maintained a semi-independent status. After Gongsun Yuan became a satrap of Liaodong, he was even more presumptuous towards Wei. In the first year of Jingchu (237), Gongsun Yuan, the former governor of Liaodong of Wei, betrayed Wei, established himself as the prince of Yan, made an official list, and made his capital Xiangping (now Liaoyang, Liaoning). In the first month of the second year of Jingchu (238), Wei Mingdi called Sima Yi back to Beijing and ordered him to lead an army to crusade. Ming Di said, "it's not enough to bother you. If you want to do something, you must overcome it, so it bothers you. What's your plan? " Sima Yi said, "It is also a tactic to abandon the city and go first. According to Liaoshui, the distance from the army is second to none. Sit in Xiangping, and you will be arrested. " Ming Di asked again, "Will its plan come out?" Sima Yi replied: "Only a wise man can deeply understand himself and give up something beyond his power. If we stop the army expedition today, we must stay away from the Liaohe River first and then defend it. " Ming Di asked, "How long will it take?" Sima Yi said, "Go for a hundred days, return for a hundred days, attack for a hundred days, and rest for sixty days. One year is enough. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) At that time, the imperial court overhauled the palace and supplemented military supplies, and the people were hungry and cold. Before the battle, Sima Yi advised Ming Di, "In the past, Luoyi was built in Xiao He. Now the palace is not ready, so it's my responsibility. However, since the north of the river, the people are trapped and poor, with internal and external affairs, and the situation is not harmonious. In order to save time, it is appropriate to leave the house. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) In the first month, Sima Yi led Jinniu and Hu Zun to ride 40,000 steps, starting from the capital, crossing solitary bamboo and Jieshi, and entering Liaoshui in June. Gongsun Yuan really urged North Yan, Zuo Yang and other generals to ride tens of thousands in one step, cut a moat for more than 20 miles in accordance with the Liaohe River, and built a high wall to block Wei Jun. Sima Yi used the tactics of introducing from the east to the west. First of all, he erected many flags on the southern line and pretended to attack the moat to attract the main force of the enemy. But crossed the Liaohe River with the main force and forcibly entered the enemy camp. Then, instead of attacking the enemy's camp, we went straight to Gongsun Yuan (Liaodong County, now Liaoyang, Liaoning Province) base area to make peace. The Ministry will not understand what it means and say, "Don't attack thieves, surround thieves and don't show them to the public." Sima Yi explained, "The thief wants to build a high base and use my old soldiers. If you attack it, it will be a plan. This king is also ashamed of Kunyang. The ancients said that although the enemy is on a high base, those who fight side by side with us will be saved if they attack all of them. If the thief is here, the nest is empty. If I point directly at Xiang Ping, people will be afraid to fight and will break it. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) So he forced the enemy to abandon the siege and return to the army to save Xiang Ping. Commander Sima Yi looked back at the foot of the mountain (now southwest of Liaoyang, Liaoning Province) to meet the enemy reinforcements and said to the generals, "So don't attack their camps, that's what we want. We can't lose it. " ("The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji") Wei Jun met and won all three wars, so he took advantage of the victory and entered the encirclement of Xiangping. When Sun Yuan heard about Wei Jun's attack, he turned to Sun Quan for help. Sun Quan also sent troops to support him and wrote to Gongsun Yuan: "Sima Yishan is deeply worried about his brother." (Gongsun Kang reflection Pei Songzhi notes Han Jin Chun Qiu) It coincides with continuous heavy rain, turbulent Liaohe River, several feet of flat land, Wei Jun's fear, and the general wants to move camp. Sima Yi ordered those who dared to speak to move to camp and behead them, and the commander-in-chief ordered Zhang Jing to disobey orders and behead them, so that the morale of the army began to be secure. The palace army rode out of the city in the rain, firewood and horses, but as cool as a cucumber. General Wei asked for an attack, but Sima Yi refused. Sima Chen Gui asked Sima Yi, "In the past, when attacking Yong, eight departments kept pace with each other and traveled day and night, so we could pull out the fortified city and chop it in ten days. Today, people are far and flat, stupid and confused. " Sima Yi said, "The Emperor said," Mengda has fewer people and more food a year. Our soldiers are four times as many as Dada, but the food does not flood the moon. If you take photos for one year in January, can you slow down? Four strikes and one hit, the half solution is right, and it is still right now. Therefore, regardless of casualties, we compete with grain for profit. Today, thieves are outnumbered, thieves are hungry and I am full, and water is exhausted. I have no skills. Although I should promote it, I will do whatever I want. Spontaneous capital, not afraid of thieves attacking, afraid of thieves leaving. Now the thief has run out of food, but the encirclement is not closed. He plundered his cattle and horses, copied his firewood and drove away. Husband and soldier are deceptive, and good things happen. Thieves depend on the rain, so although they are hungry and sleepy, they are not willing to give up, so they should show helplessness. This is not a plan to hit it with a little profit. " ("The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji") So Sima Yi played along and deliberately showed weakness. The imperial court heard that rain was a strong enemy, and many people asked Sima Yi to return. Ming Di said, "Sima Yi is in danger. He can wait for tomorrow." (The History of the Three Kingdoms, Ming Di) Sima Yi's Modeling in the New Edition of Romance of the Three Kingdoms

After a month, the rain stopped and the water gradually receded. Wei Jun completed the siege of Xiangping, built heaped-up mountains, tunnels, cars, hook ladders and other siege equipment, and stormed day and night. There was no food in the city, and there were many dead people, so they sent Zuo Yang and others down. Occasionally, meteors pass from southwest to northeast and land near Liangshui, which makes the city more and more afraid. Gongsun Yuan was scared, too. In August, he sent Prime Minister Wang Jian and Liu Fu to ask for clearance, and then he surrendered with his hands tied behind his back. Sima Yi beheaded the messenger and issued a severe reprimand: "In the past, Chu and Zheng were both countries, but Zheng Bo greeted him naked. Solitary, in the public, the desire to build alone, so Chu Zheng called it evil, not evil! Two old women, they will tell lies and be cut down. If you have no intention, you can send someone who is young and has a clear decision. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) Gongsun Yuan sent Shi Zhong Wei to demand the timely delivery of hostages. Sima Yi said to Wei, "There are five military skills. Fight when you should, defend when you should, and defend when you should go. The other two things are surrender and death. If you refuse to prick your face, you will die if you decide, and you don't have to send it. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) Gongsun Yuan tried to break through the south of the city, and Sima Yi led the army to a crushing defeat. Gongsun Yuan died in the land of the stars on the edge of Liangshui (now Taizi River). After Sima Yi entered the city, he slaughtered more than 7,000 men 15 years old, collected the bodies and built the Beijing Temple. Quietly observing is a high hill built by the victors in ancient wars to show off their martial arts, collect enemy bodies and seal the soil. Gongsun Yuan was beheaded as a public official, killing more than 2,000 people, including General Bi Sheng. The family income is 40,000 and the population is more than 300,000. At that time, some soldiers in Sima Yi's army had cold clothes and asked him to give them, but Sima Yi didn't give them. Someone said, "If you are lucky enough, you can give it." Sima Yi said: "The official affairs are praised, and the people and ministers are selfless" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). So he went to the imperial court, and 1000 soldiers over the age of 60 were discharged from military service and sent back to China. Then, in the original year, we will win the class division. Send messengers to Hebei to reward the army in the two counties around * * * and increase Sima Yi's grain in Kunyang County. It turned out that the court asked him to make a detour into the city. But when he arrived at the White House, a letter told him to hurry back to Beijing. Within three days, five letters were received. Ming Di wrote in calligraphy: "When I look at it from the side, I will go straight to the cupboard and look at my face" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).

Ming Di entrust an orphan