What are Chao Cuo's three strategies to make the Han Dynasty strong for 440 years?

Chao Cuo (200 BC-65438 BC+054 BC) was an important politician in the early Western Han Dynasty, not even one. He was far-sighted, and put forward three strategies for the Han Dynasty, namely, emigrating to the real frontier, controlling foreign countries with foreign countries, and reducing the number of vassals, which directly reversed the historical trend. Until today, we can still see the traces of the Chao Cuo Plan in China's policies. But Chao Cuo, who was good at seeking the country but not the body, forgot his personal interests because of his public interests, and came to a tragic end.

Let's follow the footsteps of Sima Wengong, enter the world of Tongzhi Sword, and appreciate the success or failure of a generation of politician Chao Cuo.

Chao Cuo, a native of Yingchuan, was the last scholar in China who received a complete legalist education. When Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Chao Cuo was appointed as an official to tell his story. During this period, Chao Cuo abandoned the law and followed Confucianism, and was ordered to study Shangshu with Fu Sheng and accept Confucianism. After returning from his studies, he was appointed as Prince Scheeren and a doctor, and later he was promoted to be a doctor.

Thus, Chao Cuo became the first politician in China who was good at combining Confucianism and law. It is this characteristic that makes Chao Cuo favored and valued by Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. However, during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, the official position of the imperial court was still monopolized by the military groups in the early Han Dynasty, and even Jia Yi, who is famous all over the world, was difficult to appoint, let alone Chao Cuo? So Emperor Wen of Han appointed Chao Cuo as the Crown Prince and asked him to assist the future Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty.

In the East Palace, Chao Cuo and Liu Yuxin hit it off at once and were affectionately called "brain trust" by Liu Qi. With the help of the Prince, Chao Cuo wrote many letters to Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, and wrote four immortal political papers-talking about military affairs, guarding the border to persuade agriculture, raising people's livelihood, and talking about expensive millet.

By the time Emperor Wendi arrived, the Han Dynasty gradually recovered from the depression and depression in the early Han Dynasty, showing signs of governing the world. However, it cannot be ignored that there are many hidden dangers behind the prosperity of the Han Dynasty. First of all, the powerful Huns often invaded the frontier fortress of the Han Dynasty, and even often fought near Chang 'an, posing a serious threat to the Han Dynasty. Secondly, the Han dynasty implemented the parallel system of counties and countries, and the forces of vassal countries with the same surname gradually expanded, and the threat of rebellion still existed; Finally, due to the inaction policy of the Han Dynasty, the economic strength of wealthy businessmen and tycoons gradually expanded, plundering and invading fishermen became a resistance to social development.

Chao Cuo, with a very strong patriotism, can be said to have seen these ills that plague the country's prosperity, and it hurts in his heart. Therefore, Chao Cuo first proposed "Talking about Military Affairs" to Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, and put forward two major policies to restrict the Huns-the policy of emigrating to the real frontier and the policy of controlling foreigners with foreigners.

The so-called immigration is to attract people to immigrate to the border by preferential means. In order to defend their homeland, these border people will take the initiative to fight Xiongnu, which can save the trouble of the central government sending troops. Compared with the compulsory border policy of the Qin Dynasty, Chao Cuo's border policy will give preferential policies such as exemption from crime, worship to the Lord, and exemption from corvee tax. Compared with Qin Shihuang's policy of fixing borders, Chao Cuo's policy is more attractive. To this end, Chao Cuo has also designed a policy of advocating agriculture and restraining business, making it more operable.

The so-called control of foreigners is to win over nomadic people who are hostile to Xiongnu and fight against Xiongnu. Chao Cuo first analyzed the Huns' fighting methods, and found that the infantry tactics of the Han Dynasty had a considerable disadvantage in front of the Huns' cavalry tactics. Therefore, we can recruit some Hu people who are familiar with Xiongnu tactics to control foreigners.

In the end, Emperor Wen of Han adopted Chao Cuo's immigration policy, which greatly increased the border population and strengthened the defense forces of border towns. Although Emperor Wen didn't adopt the policy of controlling foreigners by foreigners, this policy was carried forward in the hands of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty incorporated the surrendered cavalry of tarquin and Donghu into the Han army, which finally played a great role in defeating the Xiongnu.

It can be said that the policy of immigration and foreigners' management of foreigners is a wonderful and far-sighted policy. Today, we can still see the shadow of Chao Cuo's wisdom from our policies.

Although Chao Cuo was wary of the invasion of Xiongnu, he was even more wary of the threat of vassal states with the same surname. Because compared with the Huns, the princes with the same surname are the real worries. So, in Chao Cuo's view, the most urgent problem now is to reduce the vassals.

In BC 157, Han Jing succeeded to the throne, and Chao Cuo officially entered the imperial center. With the support of the emperor, he was given the opportunity to display his ambition. "Zi Tong Zhi Jian" said

"Made a mistake, please say, also everyone a virtue. Fortunately, you are nine Qing, and the law is more fixed. "

Although Han Jing obeyed Chao Cuo's orders, he dared not agree to Chao Cuo's most important separatist policy. First of all, the vassal States in the early Han Dynasty (especially Liu Bi's Wu State) were powerful, and if they were separated rashly, it might lead to the other side taking risks; Secondly, the monarch of the vassal state is connected with the blood of the son of heaven and is suspected of eating people.

But Chao Cuo still refused to give up, so when he was promoted to an imperial envoy, he publicly put forward in the court that he wanted to separate several vassal states. Jingdi then consulted officials, princes and imperial clan, but most courtiers were afraid to express their opinions. Obviously, courtiers dare not offend the emperor or the princes, and the issue of cutting vassals is too sensitive. If you are not careful, you may be killed. But for the sake of the country, Chao Cuo is completely desperate.

After this meeting, Chao Cuo has stood on the opposite side of ministers and governors. Once something goes wrong, Chao Cuo will bear the brunt, and he will be killed if he is not careful. After Chao Cuo's repeated entreaties, Han Jing finally let go and decided to implement the policy of reducing vassals with great fanfare.

I heard that Chao Cuo argued for cutting Francisco, and the governors were terrified. At that time, public opinion exploded. Chao Cuo's father in Yingchuan heard that he hurried to Chang 'an and persuaded him:

"The emperor just inherited the throne. How can you invade other countries and alienate your own flesh and blood? What do you want? "

In this regard, Chao Cuo said firmly:

"I did the right thing. Otherwise, the emperor has no dignity and the ancestral temple is uneasy. "

The father saw his son so stubborn, so he said sadly:

"Korea's home is safe, and Chao's home is in danger. I can already foresee your death! "

Finally, Chao Cuo's father died of poison, saying, "I don't have the courage to watch my family die."

Finally, Chao Cuo's father said a word. In the third year of Emperor Jingdi (before 154), Liu Bi, the king of Wu, took the lead in launching a rebellion, which was known as the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion. The names they played were "Jun Qing Side" and "Zhu Chao Cuo".

Jingdi and Chao Cuo obviously didn't anticipate the unrest and didn't even make corresponding preparations. Emperor Jing hesitated on the issue of peace and war, but for Emperor Jing, he should be more inclined to peace. It was Han Jingdi's hesitation and weakness that directly led to Chao Cuo's death.

On the one hand, Yuan Ang, Chao Cuo's political enemy, constantly slandered Chao Cuo in front of Han Jing; On the other hand, Chao Cuo is also offering a serious trick, that is, "the wrong desire to make soldiers soldiers, but want to stay at home." That is to say, Chao Cuo ceded power to personally expedition, but he was in Chang 'an. Putting the son of heaven in danger, Chao Cuo himself enjoys it.

In the end, Jingdi made up his mind to kill Chao Cuo, but sadly, Chao Cuo still knew nothing about it. The next day, Chao Cuo dressed in royal robes as usual, ready to discuss counter-insurgency. On the way, Chao Cuo was arrested by the executioner and sent to Dongcheng for beheading. His family was also implicated, and hundreds of people in his family were all extinct. However, Chao Cuo's death did not stop the rebels. Chao Cuo died in vain and became a victim of imperial power. But his three schemes made the Han Dynasty strong for 440 years.

Thank you for reading this article by accident. It is so valuable that you would like to read Bian Xiao's article. I wish you a good mood every day, look up at happiness and lower your head to pick up money. The more handsome men live, the more beautiful women live.