Did Canada experience war when it became independent?

No, it's just that the United States and Britain, Britain and France fought for the colony of Canada before. This did not happen during Canada's independence. Canada's independence was a peaceful transition, and no gunshots rang out. The specific explanation is as follows:

The process of unification

(A) the pressure to promote reform

In 1950s, a railway was built between Montreal and Toronto. Later, the railway was connected to Portland Port in eastern Maine and Chicago in the south.

Other railways have been opened to traffic in recent years.

Convenient transportation has broken the isolation of various regions, not only changed the countryside, but also provided the possibility for the development of cities. Railways greatly promoted the innovation of British North America, permanently changed Canadian society, and laid the foundation for Canada's joint reunification movement in the 1960s. External factors also promoted the unification of Canada. When the American Civil War broke out, the relationship between the United States and Canada became tense. 186 1 year1kloc-0/month, the American battleship San desino intercepted the British cargo ship Trent and arrested two confederate envoys on board.

Britain was extremely indignant, claiming that its sovereignty had been violated and declared war on the United States. The following year, the American government admitted that it was illegal to intercept British ships and released the envoys of two confederate countries, so the state of war between the two countries ended.

This incident made Canada feel more threatened by the United States. On the other hand, the British Empire itself is in the stage of disillusionment with the colonies.

All this has made many people in British North America deeply aware of the necessity of major political reforms.

Canada's power to promote union mainly comes from western Canada (formerly Upper Canada). People here are increasingly dissatisfied with the conditions set by the merger of upper and lower Canada in 1840.

At this time, the population of western Canada is already the population of eastern Canada (that is, the original lower Canada), and people strongly demand that the number of their members be proportional to the population.

(2) The earliest federation

The Conservative Party tried its best to resist the demand for such changes. But by 1864, the situation was very obvious: unless reforms were carried out, no matter which party was in power, it could not be maintained. So the Conservative Party and the Reform Party formed an alliance in June of that year and set the goal of forming a British North American Federation.

Several colonies along the Atlantic coast are basically isolated from Canada by vast forests, Appalachian mountains and Maine highlands. These colonies not only have different historical backgrounds, but also different interests.

The idea of Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland is far from the mainland. But Nova Scotia and Nuremberg are interested in forming a federation with Prince Edward Island.

1864 10, the proposal of establishing a British north American Federation put forward by representatives of all parties actually replaced the original topic of the meeting.

The British government enthusiastically supported the idea. The parliaments of the five colonies also voted on this proposal.

Canada adopted this proposal in March 1865. However, new brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland all refused to form a Canadian Federation. Nova Scotia decided to join the league only if Newfanglang Svik also joined.

New Brunswick changed his position in 1866. This is not only because of the strong pressure from the British government, but also because of external military threats-in April and June this year, the Irish anti-British secret society, the Feynia Brotherhood, attacked the British colony twice.

Together with New Bogeling Swick, Nova Scotia agreed to join the league. At the beginning of 1869, the British Parliament passed the British North America Act, which allowed Canada, Nurburgring, Vick and Nova Scotia to form a federation called the Dominion of Canada. 1 July 8671day, the law came into effect. From then on, July 1 day became Canada's national day.

The new federation divided the original Canadian province into Ontario and Quebec, plus four provinces, New Bogeling-Svik and Nova Scotia.

The federal government has the right to veto the provincial government's bill. Religious minorities in the provinces can appeal to the federal government on the right to education under special circumstances. The federal and provincial governments adopt the British system, and the government is responsible to the elected parliament.

(c) enlargement of the federation

The first Prime Minister of the New Canadian Federation was john mcdonagh. Except from 1873 to 1878, he worked in a joint post until his death in 189 1 year.

Gospel of John. During MacDonald's tenure, Canada took over the Northwest Territory from the British Hudson Company in 1869, established a new Minneapolis province in 1870, merged with British Columbia in 187 1, and Prince Edward Island became a new member of the Federation in 1873.

The western provinces that have newly joined the Federation are vast in territory and sparsely populated, so it is very difficult to govern. The Canadian government has neither this experience nor the actual situation in the West. For example, after Louis Lear led the Red River Uprising, the Canadian government was forced to establish Minneapolis province.

187 1 year, in order to promote British Columbia's accession to the Canadian Federation, McDonald's government hastily promised to start laying the railway from the east to the Pacific coast within two years, and it is expected that the whole line will be opened to traffic in 188 1 year.

The railway will cross a 4,800-kilometer-wide continent, in which there are not only steep mountains and rivers, boundless forests and swamps, thousands of miles of grasslands, but also extremely sparsely populated. It is impossible to complete the task of surveying the terrain, opening roads and building bridges in such a short time. Therefore, despite a lot of private investment, the whole project, together with McDonald's government, collapsed in the case of 1873 corruption scandal.

Alexander mackenzie, the newly elected Prime Minister of the Liberal Party, tried to use the power of the government to continue the project, but with little success. 1878 The Conservative government that returned to power did nothing.

Until 1880, a private consortium undertook this unprecedented arduous project. The newly established Pacific Railway Company began to operate. This company has abundant financial resources, strong support from the government and an extraordinary president, Han. Thus, in less than five years, the Canadian Pacific Railway from Montreal to Vancouver laid the last spike.

The east and west ends of this railway to Canada are connected into a whole, which greatly promotes the development of the vast inland. Numerous new towns and villages have appeared on the barren wasteland along the railway.

1880, the British government handed over the Arctic Islands to Canada.

Since 1873, the Royal Mounted Police of Northwest Canada has done excellent work for public security in western Canada, but it is impossible for this police force to solve various political problems that led to the rebellion-the most serious of which is the government's lack of foresight in its western policy.

1884, Louis Lear led another rebellion in Saskatchewan Bay. Using the Pacific Railway, the government can send troops quickly, and the next year it defeated the joint armed forces of Meti Stalin (a mixed-race descendant of whites and Indians) led by Lear and Indian aborigines.

The Conservative government distorted Lear in 1885, which caused a series of protests, and the protests in the east were stronger than those in the west. Although the Roman Catholic Church in Canada condemned Lear's apostasy, his fate touched the sympathy of French Canadians. Many people consider him a hero. For this reason, in Quebec, where French is the majority, the power of the Conservative Party has been greatly weakened and cannot be restored for a long time.

MacDonald died as prime minister in 189 1. As a result, the power of the Conservative Party was further weakened. John thomson, the new leader, has the ability and courage to try his best to keep the Conservative Party in power, and has made no small contribution. But every day is a holiday, and he died suddenly in 1894.

The Tories, who were repeatedly hurt, were finally ousted by voters in 1896 because of the complicated Minneapolis school. 1890, Minneapolis abolished the system of dividing schools according to religion and stopped using French as the official language. This decision caused a strong controversy.

The Federal Conservative Party, for fear of fire, delayed its intervention until 1895, when the court ordered a bill to restore Catholic schools in the province. The opposition Liberal Party in Congress successfully blocked the passage of the bill. And won the subsequent national election.

The era of complete modernization

First, the sustainable development of the Federation.

In the next 15 years, the Canadian Prime Minister was Wilfred laurier, leader of the Liberal Party. He is the first French Prime Minister in Canada. This man is slim, elegant, politically attractive and truly free-thinking.

Laurier's rule was also a period of rapid Canadian development. 19 14 years ago, Canada increased by another 30%. 1905, Alberta and Saskatchewan were added to the west.

In the federal election of 19 1 1, the Liberal Party led by laurier was defeated by the Conservative Party led by Robert Boden. The main reason is that people are dissatisfied with the trade reciprocal treaty signed by the Liberal Party and first proposed by the United States, and Boden fully reflects the national sentiment of voters.

Boden government has a strong foundation among the people, because it advocates Canadian economic nationalism and emphasizes maintaining close relations with Britain.