Europe, Asia and Africa have left many ancient civilizations, but it is said that there are no human beings in America. Can it be said that there are fewer apes in America and Australia?

Taxonomically, the taxonomic position of modern people is: Utra _ Utra _ Primate _ Utra _ Primate _ Primate _ Primate _ Primate _ Anatheropoda _ Anthropoda _ Anthropoda _ Anthropoda _ Hominidae _ Homo _ Homo sapiens. In paleoanthropology, "human" generally refers to the species of human genus, and more generally refers to the species of "Terran". At present, Homo sapiens, that is, modern Homo sapiens, is the only remaining species of the genus Hominidae, while the genus Chimpanzee (including chimpanzees and bonobos) and the genus Hominidae form the family Hominidae, the family Gorillaceae (including two gorillas) and the subfamily Hominidae (including three orangutans) and the subfamily Hominidae form the family Hominidae, the family Hominidae and the monkey subfamily form the narrow nose. American apes only have a wide nose, not a narrow nose. A wide nose is a far cry from humans and apes. There are really no apes in America.

The oldest terran fossil found now is the Shaman people in Chad, also known as the Tumai people. It was discovered in Chad, Africa about seven million years ago. Whether it is the same ancestor of humans and chimpanzees is uncertain, but its occipital foramen is directly below the skull, which means that it walks upright, more like humans and obviously different from chimpanzees, which may indicate that it has parted ways with chimpanzee ancestors. Another important discovery of Terran is the Australopithecus found in South Africa, about 4 million years ago. Its brain capacity is larger than that of the sand people in Chad, and the structure of its knee joint is more human. Later, it was found that there were several species of Australopithecus, which could be roughly divided into two categories: lanky species and stout species, among which the stout species was more progressive and had many similar characteristics with other hominid species which were more progressive than Australopithecus. Thus, in addition to the existing chimpanzees and hominids, the Terran should also include the extinct Australopithecus, Australopithecus and Parachute. The Sandman in Chad belongs to the Australopithecus, the slender Australopithecus belongs to the Australopithecus, and the robust Australopithecus, Paragonimus Bausch and Paragonimus Robles belong to the Parachute.

The first real "human", that is, the first anthropoid species should be "homo habilis", which was discovered in Tanzania about1.8000 years ago. It is generally believed that homo habilis later evolved into Homo erectus, which may have passed the stage of "craftsman". Homo erectus lived about 654.38+0 million to 200 thousand years ago, which was an important stage of ancient humans and was generally regarded as an important species. The "Heidelberg Man" evolved by Homo erectus is generally regarded as a subspecies of Homo erectus and a later type.

It is generally believed that Homo erectus left Africa and arrived in Europe and Asia on a large scale about 6.5438+0 million years ago and 400,000 years ago. Since then, humans have spread all over the world, but there is no clear evidence that Homo erectus arrived in America. Later, Heidelberg people in Europe evolved into Neanderthals, and Heidelberg people in East Africa evolved into Homo sapiens. The brains of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens were almost the same, and the reproductive isolation between them was not complete. So now it is suggested that Neanderthals should be regarded as a subspecies of Homo sapiens.

Homo sapiens walked out of Africa for the third time about 654.38 million+years ago and arrived in America this time. Nowadays, the mainstream "African origin theory" holds that Homo sapiens who went out of Africa for the third time completely wiped out the people who lived in various places before, and also caused the extinction of species. They are the same ancestor of modern people. However, in recent years, the "multi-origin theory" has emerged, which holds that before the third world war, human ancestors all over the world had spread all over the world. The actual situation is likely to be a mixture of the above two theories, because human evolution is a complex and continuous process based on ethnic groups, and gene exchange between ethnic groups must be very common. In fact, the genomes of most ethnic groups living outside Africa now contain about 4% Neanderthal genes, which indicates that Homo sapiens who left Africa for the third time had racial integration with Neanderthals living in Europe and West Asia at that time, rather than simply genocide. The fossil features of "Dingcun Man" found in China are between Beijingers (Homo erectus) and modern yellow people, which also shows that Homo erectus living in China once evolved into Homo sapiens, or had racial integration with other Homo sapiens. All these evidences show that due to frequent migration and ethnic exchanges, ancient people all over the world are likely to have a "* * * gradual" trend.