Were China and Viet Nam originally one country?

Qin Shihuang of China unified the Central Plains in 22 1 BC, and then attacked Baiyue (also known as Baiyue) in southern China and North Vietnam. 2 14 years ago, the Qin Dynasty established Guilin County (in today's China Guangxi Province), Nanhai County (in today's China Guangdong Province) and Xiang Jun County. The Qin Dynasty carried out the policy of emigrating to three counties, and moved the people of the Central Plains here in order to "mix Guangdong".

At the end of Qin Dynasty, civil strife occurred in China, and Zhao Tuo, the prefect of Nanhai County, became a local separatist force. China's history books record his rapid expansion of power. "The Qin Dynasty was shattered, Guilin and Xiang Jun were immediately attacked, and he became the king of South Vietnam" and established the country of South Vietnam. South Vietnam is also called "Zhao Chao" in Vietnamese history.

In BC 1 1 1 year, South Vietnam was destroyed by Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, and Vietnam became the territory of the Han Dynasty. The China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and northern and central Vietnam were directly under the jurisdiction of the Han Dynasty. Three counties located in northern, southern and central Vietnam, namely Jiaodi (also called Jiaodi, in today's Hanoi), Jiuzhen (in today's Tsinghua and Vaan provinces) and Rinan (in today's Quang Binh and Quang Nam provinces) all belong to its jurisdiction. Each county also governs several counties. There are three main points in the Western Han Dynasty's ruling policy towards Vietnam, namely "living in harmony with the people's livelihood", "governing according to customs because of its past, not paying taxes" and "taking the people as the former". At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Jiaozhi County ordered Xiguang to teach local people manners. In the early years of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ren Yan, the satrap of Jiuzhen, taught the people to cultivate crops and formulated a marriage system. The policies of Xiguang and Renyan have achieved certain results, and Vietnam began to be infected by the Chinese style.

During the Jianwu period, a female general named Luo (leader of Luo Yue) under the jurisdiction of Jiaozhi County was punished by Su Ding, the satrap, and refused to accept the levy. In 40 A.D., she rose up against her sister's levy, which was called "Erzheng Uprising" in history, and once captured 65 cities including Jiaotoe, Jiuzhen and Ni Nan. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Yuan, a general sent by the imperial court, led an army to suppress it, and finally wiped out the Zheng sisters in 43 years. The incident ended peacefully.

In A.D. 43, after Ma Yuan, the general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, pacified Jiao Jiao, Jiuzhen and Rinan counties again, he implemented new measures in the local area, including repairing battlements, rectifying water conservancy, reporting the contradiction between Yuefa and Hanfa to the court, and then "announcing the old system" with the Vietnamese. From then on, Luoyue people began to follow Ma Yuan's measures. According to legend, Ma Yuan stood on tiptoe and "erected a copper pillar", which became the "polar boundary of the Han Dynasty" at that time.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a state-county separatist regime in China, and Taizhou Shixie in Jiaozhou also controlled the whole territory of Jiaozhou for a long time from 187 to 226, while the chieftains in Jiuzhen, Hepu and Nanhai were all controlled by the Shishi brothers. According to historical records, Shi Xie's generosity and courtesy attracted celebrities from the Central Plains to take refuge in succession. Therefore, from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the early years of the Three Kingdoms, Jiaozhou became a relatively stable and prosperous region. Later Vietnamese historians spoke highly of Shi Xie's rule: "Our country is a country of literature, which began with scholars and kings. Its merits were particularly applicable at that time, but it was far away in later generations. Isn't it prosperous! " Mouzi, a Buddhist thinker, took refuge in Godbrother during the period of Sakyamuni, and this book was written as an important Buddhist work, Mouzi's Theory of Confusion. After the rise of Wu Dong power in South China, the Stone Association joined 2 1 1, nominally belonging to Sun Shi, but still has autonomy in essence. In 226 AD, after Shi Xie's death, Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu, tried to weaken the influence of the Shi family in Jiaozhou, but Shi Hui, the son of Shi Xie, and others resisted. So Lv Dai, the king of Wu, framed and killed the Shi Hui brothers and seized the control of Jiaozhou.

In 248, the people of Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen rebelled against Wu. According to Vietnamese history books, Zhao Gui, the leader of this uprising, was able to ride an elephant and fight Wu Jun in the mountains. Wu Ting sent a crusade against Lu Yin, the secretariat of Jiaozhou, and finally calmed the incident. As far as domestic situation is concerned, Wu Dong was one of the separatist regimes in the Three Kingdoms period, and it fought against Cao Wei in the north (later usurped by Sima Shi), which affected the political situation in Jiaozhou. In 263, Cao Wei sent troops to occupy Jiaozhi, Old Town and Rinan counties. In 265, Sima replaced Wei, established the Western Jin Dynasty, and continued to rule the three counties of Jiaozhou. In 268, Wu Zhu Sun Fang sent Tao Huang and others to fight back. By 27 1, the Jin army was defeated, JIAOZHOU was recovered, and Tao Huang was appointed as the state shepherd. Wu Dong was finally destroyed by the Western Jin Dynasty in 280, and Huangtao, a state shepherd, also surrendered, and Yue was ruled by the Western Jin Dynasty. The court of the Western Jin Dynasty listened to Tao Huang's suggestion to protect Jiaozhou from the threat of the South Linyi State (Zhanpo) and maintain its local power.

In 3 16, the northern part of China was occupied by all ethnic groups, and the southern Jinshi crossed into the Eastern Jin Dynasty. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, JIAOZHOU's military generals often fought or rebelled according to local conditions, and Lin Yi invaded, so the situation was unstable for a long time. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Lu Xun's rebellion in Sun En also spread to Jiaozhou, where Du Hui, the secretariat of Jiaozhou, defeated Lu Xun, ending the unrest. In 420, Emperor Wu of Song replaced Jin, established (together with Nanqi, Nanliang and Nanchao), and continued to appoint Du Huidu as the secretariat of Jiaozhou. During Du Huidu's tenure, he rectified customs, improved people's lives and built schools, which brought stability to Jiaozhou. From the last years of Liu and Song Dynasties to the early years of Southern Qi Dynasty (468-485), Li Changren, a native of Jiaozhou, and his younger brother Li successively dominated one side and defied the court in the name of "governing the country". Finally, Li surrendered power because Nanqi of the court wanted to conquer.

During the Nanliang period, Li Ben, a local, was dissatisfied with the harsh politics of Jiaozhou's dutiful son. It is reported that Jiaozhou proclaimed himself emperor in 544 and changed its name to Tiande. Vietnamese later generations called Li Ben "Li Nandi" and its regime was "pre-Li Dynasty". In 545, Nanliang sent Chen Baxian to lead an army to suppress and defeat Li Ben, and he was finally killed by his men in 549. The official history of China also mentioned that after Li Ben's defeat, his younger brother Li Tianbao fled to Jiuzhen to continue his struggle and was finally annihilated by Chen Baxian. According to Vietnamese historians, after Li Ben's death, the former dynasty continued to be led by his subordinate Zhao, his younger brother Li Tianbao and his clansman Li Fozi. It was not until Li Fozi surrendered to the Sui Dynasty in 602 that the former Li Dynasty ended.

In 602 AD, the second year of Emperor Wendi Renshou of China, Li Fozi of Jiaozhou claimed that the army was divided, and the Sui Dynasty sent Liu Fang to make a conquest. Li Fozi surrendered in fear and Viet Nam was ruled by China. After the demise of the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty rose again and wiped out the forces of filial piety in the south, so Vietnam entered the Tang Dynasty. The number of administrative agencies in Vietnam was changed by the Tang government, such as the official offices of "Annan as the capital of the government" and "Quiet Navy as our special envoy".

During the decline of the Tang Dynasty, Qu Shi, a local tyrant in Jiaozhou, was in charge of Jingshui Master's Post Station, competing with the Southern Han regime in Lingnan, China. In 930 AD, the Southern Han Dynasty destroyed Qu, but General Jiaozhou still fought for autonomy. In 938, Wu Quan, the old general of Tingyi, took control of the local area, and the Southern Han Dynasty sent troops to crusade. Wu Quan planted a big pile in Baiteng River, and when the tide rose, he brought a boat from the South Han army. At this time, the tide receded and the Nanhan army ship ran aground because of the pile. Wu Quan took the opportunity to send boatmen and defeated the South Han Army. After the war, Wu Quan became king and established the Wu Dynasty. Wu Quan's victory and political establishment are of great significance in the process of Vietnam's independence.

1009 (Li Jingrui year, Tianyuan year), Le Tai t established the Li Dynasty as Li Taizu (1009─ 1028). 10 10 (the second year of Shuntian), Le Tai T became a national capital because of its dangerous terrain, convenient transportation and comfortable climate, so it was renamed Shenglong. Li Yu 1054 (the first year of Taiping in Long Rui) was named "Da Yue" by Li Shengzong (in the reign of 1054 ─ 1072).

1075 (the fourth year of Taining), the Li Dynasty learned that the Song Dynasty intended to invade and sent generals to fight against the Song Dynasty. Li Jun invaded the Song Dynasty and massacred in Yongzhou, Lianzhou and Qinzhou. Finally, Song Jun counterattacked and attacked the Fuliang River (Red River area) in Vietnam. Li Chaonai proposed peace, ending the war and improving relations between the two sides. Li Yingzong (reign time1138 ─1175) was named "King Annan" in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Yue was called "Guo" from then on.

Chen dynasty inherited the civil strife of Li dynasty in his later years, and was invaded by Mongolian empire (Yuan dynasty) in the early years of Chen dynasty. 1257 (the seventh year of Yuanfeng), Mongolia sent troops to Vietnam and the capital was conquered. However, both Chen Taizong and Chen Shou, an important official, tried their best to resist, and the Mongolian army failed to adapt to the Vietnamese environment. Chen's court presented a "three-year tribute" to Mongolia, and Mongolia named Chen's monarch "King Annan". [2] But later, Kublai Khan sent a prince to take off Huan in 1284 (six years after Bao Shao) on the grounds that the emperor of Chen Dynasty did not pay tribute in person and injured the envoys of Yuan Dynasty, and led the army to attack Yue. Chen Guojun, general of the imperial clan of Chen Dynasty, commanded War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Although the yuan army had an advantage and even defeated the dragon, Vietnam. 1287 (three years of revival), Tuohuan unified the army south again, and the Vietnamese people continued to resist. 1288 In the first month of the lunar calendar, the Vietnamese army intercepted the Yuan Army's grain delivery boat, and the extension was unfavorable. It felt that "the geothermal water was wet and the grain was exhausted" and the Yuan Army was defeated by the Vietnamese army again in Baiteng River. After the war, Chen Chao sent a special envoy to the Yuan Dynasty to pay tribute to repair it. Kublai Khan died in 1294 (the second year of Xinglong), and then Yuan Chengzong decided to attack and the two countries stopped fighting.

China's Yuan Dynasty was replaced by the Ming Dynasty in 1368 (eleven years), and it exchanged envoys with the Chen government. The Ming court conferred Chen Ritang (that is, Chen) as "King Annan", and the two sides established the relationship between vassal and vassal. In order to maintain the friendly relations between the two sides, Guo Lie is regarded as "unacquired land".

After Li (emperor 1400, emperor 140 1─ 1407) acceded to the throne, he resumed his surname Hu, called himself China Yu Shun, and changed his country name to "Dayu". The following year (140 1, the first year of Shaocheng), Hu followed the old system of Chen Dynasty and abdicated to his son Han (also known as? , 140 1─ 1407 reigned), claiming to be the emperor's father and mastering state affairs. Ming attached great importance to this and sent someone to condemn the Hu government.

H Han ·th??ng sought to make friends with the Ming Dynasty, and was named "King Annan" by the Ming Dynasty in the name of Chen Chao's grandson in 1403. However, a series of events later made the relationship between Hu Ming worse. The Ming Dynasty accused Hu of invading Siming Prefecture, Luzhou, Xiping Prefecture, Shuipingzhai and other places in the Ming Dynasty, but the Hu government ignored it. In addition, a legacy of Chen Chao accused Hu in Ming Dynasty, and in 1404 (sophomore year), Pei, an old minister of Chen Chao, went to the Ming court to tell the truth of seizing power to suppress dissidents and asked the Ming court to send troops to "capture" Hu; Later, some people claimed to be (also known as) the descendants of Chen's imperial clan, and told Ming Chengzu to seize Chen's political power, saying that Hu "wanted to compete with the country (referring to the Ming Dynasty) for profits." Ming sent a special envoy to Vietnam, so Hu Chao had to send someone to apologize to Ming and welcome Chen Tianping back to China. 1406 (four years after the founding of the University), the Ming Dynasty sent five thousand troops to escort Chen Tianping back to China, but Jili Hu intercepted and killed Chen Tianping at the border. The Ming dynasty immediately sent troops south. 1407 (the fifth year of the founding of the Party), Du Dong (namely Shenglong) and Xianziguan (in Xing 'an Province) were successively captured, pushing the capital to the western capital of the Qing Dynasty. Hu and his son fled everywhere and were finally captured by the Ming army. With the demise of the Hu Dynasty, the territory of Vietnam was annexed by the Ming Dynasty.

When the Ming army attacked Hu, the Vietnamese people demanded that the Ming army exercise direct rule. "Historical Records of Da Yue" records: "The descendants of Chen were invited as kings in the Ming Dynasty. Older people who become officials are called Li (referring to Hu and his son) extinct and have not inherited Chen. Please pay tribute to southern Xinjiang, hope to restore the ancient county, and update with the people. " The Ming government set up offices in Vietnam, such as the Command Department, the Undertaking Department and the Imprisonment and Justice Department, and changed the place name to "Jiaodi" (also known as Jiaodi, Jiaodi) to rule.

14 18, Li Li, an aristocrat in the Blue Mountains of Tsinghua, claimed to be the "King of Pacification" and rose up against the Ming Dynasty. After several years of struggle with the Ming army, Li Jue adopted the policy of "taking the tea dragon first (in today's Vaan province) and making a little settlement", considering it as a foothold and capital. Li Lijun gradually gained the advantage, and in the cave battle of 1426 (where is the cave? Cave), 1427 battle of Lexus and other important war cases hit the Ming army hard and occupied Dongguan City (namely Hanoi). At this point, the Ming court decided to call a truce, conferring Hao Chen (Li Jue's puppet monarch) as "King Annan", and Vietnam regained its independence.

After defeating the occupying forces of Ming Dynasty in China, Li Jue published Wu Ping Huang Da, which declared the rationality of expelling Ming people, reviving national achievements and establishing political power. 1428 (the first year of Shuntian), Li Jue proclaimed himself emperor, which was after Li Taizu (1428─ 1433 reigned), with the title of "Da Yue" and after the establishment of the Li Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty also conferred the title of Li Jue and recognized his political power. The two countries made an example of Li Li paying tribute to the Ming Dynasty for three years. The Ming dynasty did not interfere in Vietnam's internal affairs and maintained reconciliation.

177 1 year (Jingxing thirty-two years, Thu?n seven years of French king), the Ruan brothers launched an uprising, which successively wiped out Ruan Zhu and the dynasty and swept the country. In 1778 (the thirty-ninth year of Li Jingxing, the first year of Ruan Yuetaide), Ruan Yue proclaimed himself emperor (1778─ 1793 reigned), and later called himself "the central emperor", ranking among the nobles. Ruan Hui also proclaimed himself emperor in 1788 (the second year of Li Zhaotong, the eleventh year of Ruan Yuetaide, and the year of Ruan Yuan) and lived in Fuchun (Hue), so he was called "Emperor Guangzhong" (1788- 1792 reigned). Emperor Qianlong named him "King Annan".

1787, with the help of Pedro, a Frenchman, Nguyn Phuc Anh signed the Treaty of Versailles with the French government. The content includes ceding Ruan's land in exchange for French military support. Later, although the French government failed to fulfill it, Pedro still raised personnel and ammunition to help Ruan. 1789 (three years of Li Zhaotong, twelve years of Ruan Yuetaide, and two years of Ruan), Nguyn Phuc Anh captured Jiading City, developed agriculture and commerce, reorganized military equipment, and conquered the Western Hills. In the Xishan dynasty, it was another infighting. 1798 (Ruan Jingsheng was six years old), Emperor Jingsheng, the son of Ruan Hui, was at odds with Ruan Bao, the son of Ruan Yue, and Emperor Jingsheng killed Ruan Bao. 1799 (the seventh year of Ruan Jingsheng) captured Guiren, and 180 1 year (the first year of Ruan Baoxing) defeated Jingsheng Emperor to capture Fuchun (that is, Hue). 1802 (the second year of Ruan Guangjian Baoxing and the first year of Ruan Jialong), Nguyn Phuc Anh was defeated by Jingsheng Emperor in the battle of Zhenning, and the remnants of Xishan only "saved one thing". Nguyn Phuc Anh pursued the victory, and even seized Qinghua, promoted the dragon, but captured Jingsheng Emperor alive, and the Western Hills perished.

1802 (the first year of jialong), Nguyn Phuc Anh destroyed the Xishan dynasty, changed its name to jialong (Ruan's ancestor, also known as emperor jialong, reigned 1802- 18 19), and established the Ruan dynasty. On the diplomatic front, Ruan Dynasty resumed the suzerain-vassal relationship with Qing Dynasty, made good and bad friends with France, and actively increased its influence in Indochina Peninsula. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Emperor Jialong sent envoys to the Qing Dynasty to seek the title of "King of South Vietnam". Emperor Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty disagreed with the word "South Vietnam" and renamed Nguyn Phuc Anh "King of Yue", so he began to take "Vietnam" as the country name.

During the reign of Germany, France gradually invaded Vietnam, and began to attack Togo from 1856 (the ninth year of Germany). Jiading and other places are "the origin of legal person's crossing". 186 1 year (in the fourteenth year of the border), the French army invaded Nanqi with all its strength after fighting against China. 1867 (20 years on the border), France occupied three southern provinces (Anjiang, Yonglong and Hexian), 1873 (26 years on the border) and captured Hanoi. At that time, China's Black Flag Army Liu Yongfu defeated the French army in Hanoi, and killed the French general Anye, which made the French army "courageous".

1874 (in the twenty-seventh year of the border), Vietnam signed the second Saigon Treaty, which stated that France recognized Vietnam's sovereignty and independence, and Ruan Chao must recognize the whole Nanqi as French territory and open Hanoi and Shinawatra (that is, Guiren City) as trading ports, so that legal persons not only gained territory, but also gained the right to communicate and do business in Vietnam. 1882 (thirty-five years), France once again sent troops to attack Hanoi, and the following year (thirty-six years, the first year of Concord, the first year of Fu Jian) occupied Shun 'an Port, forcing the Ruan Dynasty to sign the Hue Treaty and recognize Vietnam as a French protectorate. While Ruan's court gave way to a legal person, the Qing Dynasty and France launched a Sino-French war against Vietnam, and a fierce anti-French struggle was also launched in Vietnam.

From 1859, France gradually occupied Saigon, the main city in the Mekong Delta, in the name of protecting missionaries and Catholics, and took control of southern Vietnam in 1862. 1884 controlled the whole territory of Vietnam and was incorporated into the French colony in zhina Peninsula. For this reason, the Qing Dynasty broke out war with Vietnam (1883 to 1885). At the same time, French missionaries designed a set of pinyin characters based on Latin letters for Vietnam, which is now called "national language" by Vietnamese.