Can I go to Japan with an American immigrant visa?

You mean you are in America now and want to go to Japan with a green card?

Yes, all you have to do is apply for a visa at the local Japanese embassy in the United States.

If you say that you are in China now, you will go to the United States and transfer to Japan with an immigrant visa.

Then you can definitely go to Japan, but you can't leave the airport. Stay at the airport until you board the plane to America.