What theories have been scientifically proven to be true but you cannot accept?

There are too many such questions. Let me talk about a question that is closer to life - the "Mpeba Effect". Although there are still many controversies about the Mpeba Effect, we can still understand it first. Give it a try.

What is the Mpemba effect

The Mbappe effect (also known as the Mpemba phenomenon) means that when the same volume of liquid is placed in the same cooling environment, Liquids with a slightly higher temperature will freeze first.

In the summer of 1963, Erasto Mpeba and his friends suddenly wanted to eat ice cream, so he made homemade ice cream using milk, sugar water and other ingredients. Before making this kind of ice cream, the milk needed to be boiled Then the sugar is fully dissolved, and finally it can be frozen in the refrigerator. However, this time because there are not many ice tray molds left for making ice cream in the refrigerator, Mpeba hurriedly poured the still hot ice cream ingredients into the mold. After a while, Mpeba couldn't wait to open the refrigerator. When he was about to eat the ice cream he had just made, he found that the hot ice cream ingredients he put in had frozen, while the cooled ice cream ingredients he put in almost at the same time were still in the refrigerator. Still in a viscous state, this magical phenomenon was firmly remembered by Mpeba. It was not until he published a paper on this phenomenon in 1969 that it attracted widespread attention in the scientific community.

The Mpeba effect is actually very common in daily life, but it is generally not noticed if you are not careful. For example, because cold water freezes relatively slowly, many drivers like to wash their cars with cold water in winter.

Explanation of the Mpeba effect

The scientific community has been studying the Mpeba effect for half a century, and more than tens of thousands of explanation theories have emerged, but it still There is no conclusion.

Let’s briefly talk about two:

1. The influence of impurities; this explanation believes that some ions and other impurities contained in the liquid will gradually precipitate as the temperature of the liquid increases. Like scale, higher-temperature liquids become purer as impurities precipitate out, and their freezing points rise, so higher-temperature liquids freeze more easily. However, research has found that if pure water is used for this experiment, the Mpeba phenomenon will also occur, but the freezing speed will be closer.

2. The principle of temperature difference; scientific research shows that the greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat loss in the water, so the warm water will freeze more quickly. But this doesn't explain why warm water experiences the same temperature as cold water before freezing.

In 2012, the Royal Society of Chemistry issued a 1,000-pound reward for the Mpeba effect. A chemical researcher named Nikolai Bregwick won the championship. He believed that convection in liquids The effect causes the liquid to cool down faster. I learned a bit about the convection effect. A simple understanding is that during the cooling process of a cup of water, the outside of the cup of water cools down faster than the center. At this time, a temperature difference will form inside the cup of water, resulting in a convection effect. This kind of The effect can be seen as the conversion of thermal energy into kinetic energy. Even if the temperature of hot water has dropped to the same as cold water, there is still this kinetic energy inside it, which will promote the faster release of heat and therefore faster freezing. Dr. Dennis Osborne, who once published an article on the Mpeba effect with Mpeba, believes that the Mpeba effect may be the result of the simultaneous action of multiple different mechanisms.

Summary

It has been half a century since the Mpeba effect was proposed, but there is still no unified scientific explanation. To me, the Mpeba effect that occurs in daily life is considered It is very contrary to common sense. As the title introduces, there is indeed a problem with the Mpeba effect. Although this problem goes against common sense, we have to admit its existence.

Well, it actually depends on your own accumulation of common sense and understanding of the world. For many scientific theories that are proven to be true, some people will choose to believe them, some people will choose to reject them, and some people will just choose to follow them blindly. This is all related to our own knowledge accumulation and three views. Let's give an example.

1. Cordyceps sinensis

The State Food and Drug Administration has made it clear that it has no so-called medicinal value, and eating too much may even cause poisoning. But there are still many people who think this is nonsense. Why, because there are advertisements for it as a "magic medicine" on TV, in advertisements, and in life everywhere. This is actually a kind of blind obedience. Similar to this, there are also various Chinese herbal medicines that are popular among gods, such as Hongmao medicinal wine.

2. God

It is impossible for God to exist in the scientific world, but there are still many people who believe in it. In a religious context, belief in God is a good thing in itself, at least it teaches believers to behave well. Similar to this, there are all kinds of gods and ghosts. This can't be true, but there are many people who firmly believe that there are ghosts and gods in the world.

3. The theory of evolution and genetic modification

These are all products of scientific development, but they have been distorted and misinterpreted in various aspects during their development process, and finally misinformation was spread. People continued to follow blindly and developed into the current situation. There are always people who don't believe in these things. In fact, they don't even know what evolution is or what GMOs are, but they just want to oppose it. It's really ridiculous and helpless to think about it.

I have always been dubious about the theory that humans evolved from apes. More than 60 million years ago, all living things on the earth almost disappeared without a trace under the impact of a meteorite. Then in a short period of time, Over a period of time, ancient humans appeared and developed rapidly. Whether it was IQ or survivability, humans seemed to be cheating and developed extremely smoothly, but problems also emerged.

1. The earth has been around for about 4.6 billion years. More than 60 million years ago, the only ones living on the earth were the dinosaurs we are familiar with? Hypothetically, is it possible that there was a very highly intelligent creature that appeared at the same time as the dinosaurs? They have been developing on the earth for billions of years. They may have already had the ability to immigrate to other planets. After learning about the earth, After the impact, they all immigrated to other planets. After the impact, they returned again and created the Mayan civilization to help ancient humans develop rapidly.

2. Why do primates such as orangutans not develop simultaneously with humans? It just happened that humans cheated all the way and became the "overlord" of the earth. If all this is a coincidence, then why did the hair and tails of the apes all fade away? The evolution of species requires the environment, but the changes in other animals are very small. In the cold The polar bears in the region are still covered with thick fur, and the camels that can endure the heat of the desert have not shed their fur. However, only humans, whether they live in hot Africa or cold areas, whether white or black, are There is no hair like other animals. Unless the ancestors of human beings were hairless from the beginning, it would be unreasonable to say that this is a coincidence, right?