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Governing the country for the people, reading classical Chinese

1. "Governing the country and improving the people" Classical Chinese reading answer Original: Nine years of Zhenguan, Taizong said that the courtiers said: "At the beginning of the past, the capital was flat, and there were few beautiful women in the palace, and there was no dissatisfaction in the courtyard. Yang-ti's intentions are still unfinished, and he does not seek merit. His belligerence and people's poverty led to his demise. This is what I saw. So, I work hard at night, but I want to be clean, so there is nothing in the world. Therefore, the corvee is not prosperous and the people are happy. Governing a country is like planting a tree. Roots do not shake, branches and leaves flourish. If it can be clean, how can the people be uneasy? "

Interpretation: governance: governance; An: Diazepam. Administer the country and the people.

In the ninth year of Zhenguan (the title of Li Shimin), Emperor Taizong said to the guards, "Before (Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty) just made the capital, the palace was full of beautiful women and antiques. However, Emperor Yang Di was still not satisfied and kept asking. At the same time, the people couldn't stand it, which led to the demise of the Sui Dynasty. I (the emperor claimed) witnessed all this with my own eyes, so I worked hard day and night, hoping that I would be innocent and wise and make the world peaceful. Therefore, the military service system can not prevail, and the grain harvest is bumper every year, and the people live and work in peace and contentment. Governing a country is like planting a tree. A few don't sway, and the branches are flourishing. If the monarch is wise, how can people be unhappy? "

2.& lt& gt Any way to govern the country must enrich the people first.

Rich people are easy to treat, but poor people are difficult to treat. What if I know? When the people get rich, they go back to their hometowns. When they return home, they are afraid of sin and easy to cure.

People who are poor are in danger in the countryside, while those who are light are cheap at home. If they are in danger of their hometown and despise their families, they dare to ban it, and it will be difficult to eradicate it. Therefore, those who govern the country are often rich, and those who mess with the country are often poor.

Those who take goodness as their country must enrich the people first and then govern the people. Generally speaking, to govern a country, we must first make the people rich, so it is easy to govern when the people are rich, but difficult to govern when the people are poor.

How did you know? When people are rich, they will settle down in their hometown and cherish their homeland. When they love their hometown in Anxiang, they will respect the monarch and fear punishment. If they respect sin, governance will be easy. When people are poor, they will feel uneasy about living in the countryside and look down on their homes. If they feel uneasy about living in the country and despise their homes, they dare to confront the monarch and violate the ban. If they resist the ban, it will be difficult to govern.

Therefore, a well-governed country is often rich, and a chaotic country is bound to be poor. Therefore, a monarch who is good at governing the country must first make the people rich and then govern the country.

The kings of the past 79 generations had different legal systems and different orders, but everyone was the king of the world. Why? The country will be rich and strong, and the millet will be abundant. Rich countries and rich countries were born in agriculture, so Wang Gui comes first.

Anyone who is anxious for the country must first ban the end of the game, and at the end of the game, it is forbidden to swim without food. People who swim without food will have to plow. Private farming means land reclamation, land reclamation means more millet, and more millet means national wealth.

The country is rich and the people are strong, and the soldiers are strong and the people are wide. Therefore, the late king knew that all people, Qiang Bing, a vast land and a rich country would be born in Suye, so it was forbidden to work at the end to stop Kit Kat and benefit agriculture.

I don't cook kit kat today, but I will cook five eclipses a day. The farmer's work all year round is not enough to support himself.

But * * * gave up skills and finally did it. If you give up your skills, you will achieve nothing, the land will be barren and the country will be poor.

Once upon a time, emperors' statutes and political orders were different, but they all unified the world. What is the reason? It must be because the country is rich and has a lot of food. Most of the country's wealth comes from agriculture, so the first generation of holy kings attached importance to agriculture.

Any urgent task of governing the country must first ban luxury industry and commerce and luxury goods manufacturing. If these are banned, people can't wander around begging for food, and they have to engage in agriculture. When people engage in agriculture, their land will be reclaimed. When the land is reclaimed, food will increase and the country will become rich. The country is rich and the people are strong, and the war will win if the soldiers are strong. If defeated, the land will be vast.

Therefore, the first generation of sages knew that the population was large, the military strength was strong, the territory was vast, and the national wealth must come from grain, so they all banned extravagant industry and commerce and the production of luxury goods to facilitate the development of agriculture. Now people engaged in luxury goods industry and commerce and luxury goods production can eat for five days a day.

Farmers work all year round, but they can't support themselves. In this way, the people gave up agriculture and engaged in luxury industry and commerce.

Abandoning agriculture and engaging in luxurious industry and commerce will make the land barren and the country poor. Every farmer who is less than a month old and over one year old is also eager to levy and give him double the loan.

Sometimes, people plow the fields, but they don't plow enough, so they have to borrow twice as much money to get rid of them. Autumn five, spring a bundle, is also a double loan.

Therefore, the above-mentioned certificate was taken from the people four times, rented by the Guan family, and collected from the treasury eleven times. The four times should also be doubled. The husband supports four masters with one citizen, so those who flee can't stop their punishment, and the people have nothing to accumulate.

The characteristic of all agriculture is that the monthly income is often insufficient, and the annual income may be more than enough. But the government is in a hurry to collect taxes and has no time. Farmers have to borrow "one for two" usury to cope with the above expropriation.

There are seasonal restrictions on plowing and weeding, but the rain may not be timely enough, so farmers have to borrow usury to hire people to water the land. The price of grain bought by merchants in autumn is "five", and the price of grain sold in spring is "ten", which is also a usury.

Therefore, if the above demands are counted, there are four places that can ask farmers for multiples, because the city's rent tax, the collection of the state treasury, one-tenth of the grain collection, and all kinds of labor add up. Add it up all the year round, and it is equal to a usury.

A farmer has to support four creditors, so the monarch can stop the outflow of farmers when the fugitives are punished. This is because there is little food and farmers have no savings. To the east of Songshan Mountain, between the river and the secluded place, fleas are born and died late, and where the grain lies, four kinds of five get it.

Middle-aged acres of two stones, one husband is millet two hundred stones. Today, the granary is empty and the people have no accumulation. Farmers who live on porridge have no ability to forget it.

Therefore, the former king made it easy for farmers, scholars, businessmen and workers to communicate with each other, and the annual income was not the same. It is based on the people.

When people cultivate a piece of land, cunning is not innate. Land reclamation leads to more millet, and millet leads to national wealth.

Clever and cunning will not give birth to * * *. Rich and rule, Ben Wang Zhidao also.

From the foot of Gaoshan Mountain to the Yellow River and Rushui. Crops grow early and set late, which is a good place to increase grain production.

Sowing is being done all year round, and all crops are being harvested. In the middle of the year, the grain yield per mu is two stones.

A worker can plow 100 acre and collect 200 stones. Now that the national granary is empty, the people have not accumulated it.

Farmers sell their children and women because the monarch can't balance the people's income. Therefore, the first generation of holy kings always paid attention to the exchange of industries among farmers, scholars, businessmen and workers, and their annual income could not exceed each other.

In this way, farmers specialize in agriculture, and their income can be balanced with other industries. Farmers who concentrate on farming will be reclaimed, and cunning will not happen.

When the land is reclaimed, there will be more grain, and the country will be rich and have more grain. Without cunning, the people will be stable again.

Being rich and stable is the road to success. If you don't give birth to millet, your country will die; if you give birth to millet, you will die; if you give birth to millet, you will not die.

Millet also, the people return; Xiaomi is also, and wealth is also; Millet also belongs to the land. If there are more millet, everything in the world will dry up.

So Shun moved to a city, to Chengdu and to a village. Shun punishment is not strict, prohibition is not heavy, but the people return to it, and those who leave will suffer, and those who follow will benefit.

Wang Weimin did what he wanted first, so all the people in the world joined him. The so-called profit-seekers, benefit farmers; The so-called pest control, it is forbidden to harm farmers.

If you win farming, you will receive more millet, and if you receive more millet, you will be rich. If you are rich, you will go back to your hometown. If you go back to your hometown, you will change your customs and drive away many immigrants. As for killing them, people are miserable. This service is also successful.

Weak agriculture leads to less millet, poor millet leads to poor people, and poor people lead to light families. It's difficult to change the master's position, so it's not feasible to make it, to ban Fukashi, and the war is invincible, so it's not necessary to be solid. There is no need to order.

3. Qi Jinggong Huimin classical Chinese reading the original answer

Gong Jing heard about his fate.

In Gong Jing, it rained and snowed for three days. The male quilt is 2 fox white hair, and the living room is 3. Yan Zi entered the meeting and set up a room. Gong said, "How strange! Rain and snow are not cold for three days. " Yan Zi said to him, "Isn't it cold?" Laugh. Yan Ziri: "Babies know ancient sages, people are hungry when they are full, people are cold when they are warm, and people are tired when they are idle." This gentleman is not as good as. "Gong said," good. I've heard of life. "This is to make autumn millet and hunger and cold.

To annotate ...

①: Chu Qing after rain and snow. 2 quilt: the same as "wearing". ③ Orientation: the steps of the palace. 4 have a room: temporarily.

translate

When Gong Jing was in office, it snowed for several days without clearing up. Gong Jing is wearing a fox fur coat and sitting on the steps in front of the purlin. Yan Zi entered the palace and stood for a while. Gong Jing said, "strange! It has snowed for three days, so it is not cold. " Yan Zi replied, "Is it really not cold?" Gong Jing smiled. Yan Zi said: "I heard that ancient sages can think of others' hunger when they are full, their cold when they are warm, and their hard work when they are comfortable." King, you have never considered anyone else. "Gong Jing said," well said! I remember my mission. " He ordered people to distribute fur coats and food to people who were hungry and cold.

practise

1. Explain the underlined words in the text.

(1) The baby heard the ancient sage ()

(2) Know people's work from the moment they escape ()

2. Explain underlined sentences in the text in modern Chinese.

Is to make autumn millet and hunger and cold.

3. "Rain and snow for three days", why does Gong Jing think that "it's not cold"?

4. What kind of person is Yan Zi?

Reference answer

1, () I heard (2) efforts

(Gong Jing) ordered people to distribute clothes and food to people who were hungry and cold.

3, public white and public white.

4. Dare to speak out (be good at speaking out) and be compassionate to the people (love the country and love the people)

4. the classical Chinese "governing the country by management" (the original paragraph of the first paragraph) Any way to govern the country must first enrich the people.

Those who take goodness as their country must enrich the people first and then govern the people. The kings of the past 79 generations had different legal systems and different orders, but everyone was the king of the world. Why? The country will be rich and strong, and the millet will be abundant.

Rich countries and rich countries were born in agriculture, so Wang Gui comes first. Anyone who is anxious for the country must first ban the end of the game, and at the end of the game, it is forbidden to swim without food. People who swim without food will have to plow.

Private farming means land reclamation, land reclamation means more millet, and more millet means national wealth. The country is rich and the people are strong, and the soldiers are strong and the people are wide.

Therefore, the late king knew that all people, Qiang Bing, a vast land and a rich country would be born in Suye, so it was forbidden to work at the end to stop Kit Kat and benefit agriculture. I don't cook kit kat today, but I will cook five eclipses a day.

The farmer's work all year round is not enough to support himself. But * * * gave up skills and finally did it.

If you give up your skills, you will achieve nothing, the land will be barren and the country will be poor. Generally speaking, to govern a country, we must first make people rich. When people are rich, it is easy to govern, while when people are poor, it is difficult to govern.

Once upon a time, emperors' statutes and political orders were different, but they were all able to unify the whole country. What is the reason? It must be because the country is rich and has a lot of food. Most of the country's wealth comes from agriculture, so the first generation of holy kings attached importance to agriculture.

Any urgent task of governing the country must first ban luxury industry and commerce and luxury goods manufacturing. If these are banned, people can't wander around begging for food, so they have to engage in agriculture. When people engage in agriculture, their land will be reclaimed. When the land is reclaimed, food will increase and the country will become rich. The country is rich and the people are strong, and the war will win if the soldiers are strong. If defeated, the land will be vast.

Farmers work all year round, but they can't support themselves. In this way, the people gave up agriculture and engaged in luxury industry and commerce.

Abandoning agriculture and engaging in luxurious industry and commerce will make the land barren and the country poor. (The second paragraph of the original text) All farmers who are less than one month old and over one year old are also eager to collect taxes and have to lend them twice as much money to pay taxes.

Sometimes, people plow the fields, but they don't plow enough, so they have to borrow twice as much money to get rid of them. Autumn five, spring a bundle, is also a double loan.

To the east of Songshan Mountain, between the river and the secluded place, fleas are born and died late, and where the grain lies, four kinds of five get it. Middle-aged acres of two stones, one husband is millet two hundred stones.

Today, the granary is empty and the people have no accumulation. Farmers who live on porridge have no ability to forget it. Therefore, the former king made it easy for farmers, scholars, businessmen and workers to communicate with each other, and the annual income was not the same.

It is based on the people. When people cultivate a piece of land, cunning is not innate.

Land reclamation leads to more millet, and millet leads to national wealth. Clever and cunning will not give birth to * * *.

Rich and rule, Ben Wang Zhidao also. The characteristic of all agriculture is that the monthly income is often insufficient, and the annual income may be more than enough.

But the government is in a hurry to collect taxes and has no time. Farmers have to borrow "one for two" usury to cope with the above expropriation. There are seasonal restrictions on plowing and weeding, but the rain may not be timely enough, so farmers have to borrow usury to hire people to water the land.

The price of grain bought by merchants in autumn is "five", and the price of grain sold in spring is "ten", which is also a usury. Therefore, if the above demands are counted, there are four places that can ask farmers for multiples, because the city's rent tax, the collection of the state treasury, one-tenth of the grain collection, and all kinds of labor add up.

Add it up all the year round, and it is equal to a usury. A farmer has to support four creditors, so the monarch can't stop the outflow of farmers when the fugitives are punished. This is because there is little food and farmers have no savings.

From the foot of the mountain to the Yellow River and Rushui. Crops grow early and set late, which is a good place to increase grain production.

Sowing is being done all year round, and all crops are being harvested. In the middle of the year, the grain yield per mu is two stones.

A worker can plow 100 acre and collect 200 stones. Now that the national granary is empty, the people have not accumulated it.

In this way, farmers specialize in agriculture, and their income can be balanced with other industries. Farmers who concentrate on farming will be taken back, and cunning will not happen.

When the land is reclaimed, there will be more grain, and the country will be rich and have more grain. Without cunning, the people will be stable again.

Being rich and stable is the road to success. (The third paragraph of the original text) Those who don't have millet die, those who have millet die, and those who have millet die, not the monarch.

Millet also, the people return; Xiaomi is also, and wealth is also; Millet also belongs to the land. If there are more millet, everything in the world will dry up.

Wang Weimin did what he wanted first, so all the people in the world joined him. The so-called profit-seekers, benefit farmers; The so-called pest control, it is forbidden to harm farmers.

If it is not good for farmers, there will be less millet. Without millet, people will be poor, and poor families will be light. It's easy to go when they are light at home, but they can't place an order when they are easy to go. If they can't place an order, they can't stop it.

5. the classical Chinese "governing the country by management" (the original paragraph of the first paragraph) Any way to govern the country must first enrich the people.