Where are the residents and on what basis?

Nowadays, according to the assimilation of cities and places where people live for a long time, it is the recognition of the "home" culture in the new era.

For example, if you have been living in Guangzhou and accepted the local culture, then even if you leave Guangzhou in the future, your heart will naturally be recognized as a "Guangzhou native".

The ancient theory of family origin and the early theory of ancestral land can also be classified into the category of describing where they came from. In short, people there still rely heavily on cultural identity.

In addition, there are some aggregation groups, such as "Hakkas", which are mainly composed of Han people from all over the world. They are bound by culture and share the same ideology, so they are condensed into a new cultural group "Hakka".

There is also the theory of consanguinity, but it is useless. It is usually only used to summarize the nationalities in a large area. On the basis of cultural identity, it is also a tool to recognize ancestors and return to the ancestral home.

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According to our current regulations, the place of birth is generally based on my grandfather's place of residence when I was born. If my grandfather is gone, this is where my grandfather lived before his death. Although I was born in Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province at that time, which is today's Huzhou City, my father was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, that is to say, my late grandfather lived in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, so this is my birthplace. But at the beginning, when you have a place of origin, you mean the place of residence registration, and "nationality" means residence registration.

After the reunification of Qin Shihuang, the household registration system was implemented throughout the country, so every citizen should register his household registration in his place of residence and register it in the household registration book. The physical objects we now see in the Western Han Dynasty, such as the wooden slips of the Han Dynasty unearthed in Jiyuan, have clearly written the height and appearance characteristics of someone, a county, a county, a village, how old they are, and how many feet and inches they are. This is the content of the household registration at that time.

Household registration is also divided into different types, and different identities should be registered in different household registration. For example, officials have official registration and businessmen have business registration. At that time, it was also stipulated that businessmen themselves should apply for business registration, and even their sons and grandchildren should apply for business registration. This identity cannot be changed casually.

If you leave your place of residence without going through the formalities, then this is called becoming a monk. If you are legally registered outside, you can send your household registration book here. This is called mailing. Exile, escape, or natural and man-made disasters have all moved in the middle. After order is restored, you must re-register as a legal resident or re-register in your place of origin or residence. Not everyone can register, but you must meet certain conditions.

In general, the domicile of most people in ancient times is their place of residence, because population migration is very rare in general in agricultural society, coupled with the concept of resettlement and clan concept, so the place of origin we are talking about today is generally the place of residence of most people at that time.

But there are also some special circumstances, such as floating population, officials who go to the capital or other places to be officials, such as businessmen and doctors. For example, these people will leave the household registration, but the household registration will basically stay in the same place, and they will not be able to register their household registration if they go to other places casually.

For example, some special areas, such as Chang 'an, the capital of Han Dynasty, are not allowed to move into household registration. Even if you are an official in Chang 'an, if you don't settle in Chang 'an, you will return to your hometown after retirement or dismissal. Their children born in Chang 'an must also follow their parents to register their accounts in their hometown. Although they were born in Chang 'an, and some of them have never been to their hometown, they can't settle in Chang 'an.

Border areas are also strictly controlled. Soldiers serving or stationed there usually return to their hometown after the expiration of their service. Therefore, the contents registered in their household registration, for example, we saw that Juyan was already a frontier area in the northwest at that time, so those who came to serve were still registered in counties, counties and villages in their hometown.

In the Cao Wei period, the nine-grade Zhong Zheng system was implemented, and the special personnel were called "Zhong Zheng", that is, they selected and recommended people for different grades of Zhong Zheng. According to what criteria, these selected objects were rated as nine grades. Two parts, one of which is also the most important, family background and family background; The second part is lines, not performances. Mainly the front part, so different families divide different products according to their status, prestige and influence, and then choose on this basis. Give him an evaluation according to his performance and a grade according to the overall situation. According to this level, it will be appointed or promoted by the government in the future.

The Relationship between Officials and Zhongzheng Jiupin

Because the family background occupies the main position, the evaluation results of Zhongzheng gradually distinguish between some high schools and low schools, so the future selection of talents and the promotion of officials are mainly in the middle of high schools. Low schools often have no opportunities, and high schools will produce senior officials. Some people are born with status, and even if they get excellent grades and are outstanding, they will never be admitted to high school.

Of course, his surname is related to his surname, Wang's and Zhang's, but such surnames are very common, so in order to distinguish where home is and where home is, it must be related to his native place. So, halls don't mean surnamed Wang Zhang or XXX, because such a family itself is hereditary, so it should be a family in XXX. For example, the king of Taiyuan and the king of Langya are all Hall of Fames, such as Xie of Chenjun, Zheng of Xunyang in the north and Cui Shi of Qinghe. These halls are all immortals, and it is difficult for the cold door to become a noble door.

Some families in the hall are simply unattainable. For example, they also belong to the Wangs. We know that there are many royal families in Langya, such as Wang Dao, who helped the founding of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. There is even a saying that "the king and the horse are in the world", that is, the Wang family of the kingly way and the Sima family of the Eastern Jin Emperor Si Marui.

However, Wang Jiapu in Taiyuan thinks that his family status is higher. In the early years of Liu Song in the Southern Dynasties, Wang Yu of Taiyuan's royal family was killed by Emperor Liu Song, the founding emperor of the Southern Dynasties. His child, Huilong Wang, was only 14 years old at that time, and finally escaped to the Northern Wei Dynasty through hardships. Ho Choi, minister of the Northern Wei Dynasty, attached great importance to family status. I heard that Huilong Wang is a king of Taiyuan, and the king of Taiyuan usually has a big nose. So when he saw Huilong Wang, he was immediately sure that it was really a child of the Wangs and a noble species. Why? Because he also has a big nose.

Because of this emphasis on family status, the so-called county view has been formed. Where is the noblest surname of a certain surname? For example, Emperor Li of the Tang Dynasty was a native of Longxi, and Li of Longxi became the county magistrate of Li, which was the most distinguished among Li. Zhao, a native of Song Dynasty, was born in Tianshui, where Zhao ruled.

Because the aristocratic family is doomed to its own fate, it is difficult to change it easily, so some people from non-aristocratic families try their best to climb into the aristocratic family and disguise themselves by forging genealogy or trying to change their native place. Because the genealogy is not easy to tamper with, it is not easy for you to write your name on the genealogy of other people's clubs or squeeze in.

So the first step is to change my native place, such as the Wangs. Although I can't get into the family tree of Taiyuan Wangs, that is, the highest family, I will try to change my native place to Taiyuan first, and I can make up for it later when I have the opportunity. If I can't climb near you, I may be able to climb far away, so I will take this method.

Therefore, in the Southern Dynasties, the imperial court often specially organized people to check the relevant household registration records, which was called "uncovering cleverness and fraud", which was to expose this phenomenon of fraud. The main reason of fraud is to change one's native place first, and then try to get close to or have a relationship with the guild hall.

So my native place used to be in China, and I have been closely integrated with my family since the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Because the native place is the place where the household registration is registered, then the household registration combines the rights and obligations that a family and individual can obtain. For example, taxes and servitude, servitude when there is a servitude system, the privileges enjoyed by official families are registered by household registration, and the imperial examination system is also closely combined with household registration and native place.

There are places in the imperial examination, and the places at scholar and juren levels are allocated to the localities, and the admission at Jinshi level is the best. Because the level of economic and cultural development varies greatly from place to place, the number of places in imperial examinations, especially at the grassroots level, needs to be balanced, so the differences between provinces are actually great. For example, in Jiangsu, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the economy and culture were developed and the population was dense, so it was impossible to allocate too many places to Jiangsu. Therefore, the admission index is around 1 million. Compared with Yunnan, Yunnan is 10 times that of Jiangsu, and Guizhou is 4 times that of Jiangsu, so the admission criteria are very different.

For example, on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in Fujian have relatively few places to enroll, while the newly established Taiwan Province Province has relatively more places to enroll. Therefore, some people from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in Fujian moved to Taiwan Province Province for the purpose of college entrance examination immigration, and it is more likely that they will be admitted to Taiwan Province Province. Because of its poor cultural foundation, its standards are relatively low, but the quota is fixed. If you used to get the same grades in Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, Fujian, you may not pass the exam in Taiwan Province Province.

In this case, some people take shortcuts and play the edge ball. This is a kind of fraud. For example, Zhao Yi, a famous historian in Qing Dynasty, was from Changzhou. Changzhou, Jiangsu is short of places. It is originally a place with many talents and high requirements. He happens to have an uncle doing business in Beijing and Tianjin. Although he does business there without formal origin, he can apply for business registration. Just as we are attracting investment now, some businessmen and entrepreneurs can give you a industrial and commercial registration locally. Then he went to his uncle's place, because his uncle's industrial and commercial registration was in Tianjin, Beijing and the north, he went there to take the exam, and took the provincial examination in Shuntian, so he took the juren exam, and then took the Jinshi exam. The highest-level exam was delineated by the emperor as Hua Tan, ranking second in the national college entrance examination. However, if he doesn't have the status of a juren, he can't take the Jinshi exam. If he didn't get a juror in Changzhou, he couldn't get on without juror qualification. This is a side ball. There is also a complete impostor. If an impostor is found, it should not only be revoked, but also punished. Therefore, some people dare not change their native place after they succeed in impersonating.

There are also people who practice the health care system like Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty and register their native places in health care centers, that is, the family descendants of officers and soldiers. There are various restrictions on military membership. Some people try to put their registered permanent residence on the civil service in order to take the imperial examination and do other things. Theoretically, it is also a crime to find out. Moreover, in order to find out whether some people are in the army, they specially sent people to Nanjing Houhu, where the household registration book compiled every ten years in the Ming Dynasty is stored, called Huang Ji. Just check it here.

Therefore, the place of origin seems to be a simple place of one's own household registration, but due to the different gold content and rights and obligations of household registration, we often choose not to register our place of origin according to the actual situation, which we must pay attention to when studying history.