Seeking information on economic development in Miyun county

Miyun County is located at the foot of Yanshan Mountain in the northeast of Beijing, with a total area of 2,226.5 square kilometers.

Miyun has a long history, and the ancients once praised it as "the land of Yan State". Qin set up Yuyang county; Sui is Tanzhou; In the first year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, Beiping Prefecture was changed to Shuntianfu, and Miyun County was placed under it. In the sixth year of Yongzheng, Miyun County was changed to be directly under the Shuntianfu North Road Hall; In the early years of the Republic of China, Shuntianfu was abolished and renamed Jingzhao, and Miyun County belonged to Jingzhao; 1928, jingzhao was abandoned and placed in Hebei province; 1September 28th, 958 was under the jurisdiction of Beijing. Miyun county is not only a pilot county of agricultural ecology in China, but also an advanced county of greening in China.

Miyun county has a unique tourism environment, rich tourism resources and many projects. Miyun Reservoir is like a jasper embedded in Yanshan peaks, with a water surface area of 65,438 0.88 square kilometers and a water storage capacity of 4.375 billion cubic meters, accounting for about one tenth of the county's area. Such a vast water surface is second to none in North China. At present, Miyun County has a forest coverage rate of 57%, which is a green park with clean water, clean air and pure land.

There are more than 100 tourist resources in the county, and 25 scenic spots have been developed and opened, some of which enjoy a high reputation in North China and even the whole country. For example, Yunmeng Mountain, with its rugged rocks, dense vegetation and numerous waterfalls, is known as "Huangshan Mountain in the North". Yunxiu Valley Scenic Area is the only national hunting ground in northern China, which is famous for its huge glacier boulders and beautiful water stone red. Simatai Great Wall is called "the best Great Wall in China" by Professor Luo, a great wall expert, because of its "strangeness, danger and strangeness" and unique shape. Black Dragon Pool peaks stand tall, waterfalls hang high, and streams are explored to win, and pools and stones are embedded in streams; Four-season mountain springs gush in Liangqinggu Scenic Area, among which "thousands of feet Pearl Waterfall" is breathtaking.

After sightseeing, don't be afraid to eat farmhouse meals, live in a folk village, or enjoy three-star treatment in Hu Yun Resort and two-star dining in Yuyang Business Club and Tanzhou Hotel. Professor Peking University praised Miyun as "a grand view of Beijing's landscape and a country park of the capital".

There are eight ethnic groups living in the county, including Han, Manchu, Hui, Mongolian, Korean, Zhuang, Buyi and Yi, with a population of 430,000, including 338,000 agricultural people.

An Investigation Report on Intergovernmental Relations in Miyun County, Beijing

With the development of economic marketization and globalization, intergovernmental relations have become one of the major issues that need to be standardized in local economic and social development. How to reasonably integrate and standardize intergovernmental relations, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments at all levels, and guide local governments at all levels to provide public goods and services effectively and with high quality has become an important problem to be solved urgently in reality. In July, 2002, the research group "Research on the Relationship between Local Governments in Beijing" conducted a field survey on the relationship between governments in Miyun County. The research group was divided into two investigation groups, and held a symposium on the inter-governmental relations centered on the county government and the township government respectively, and collected a lot of first-hand information. The relevant situation is briefly reported as follows:

First, the inter-governmental relationship centered on the county-level government.

County-level government is an important part of local government management, and the functions and powers entrusted to county-level government by Chinese laws and regulations are very extensive, involving almost all fields of political, economic and social management. Accordingly, the institutional setup of the county government is relatively perfect. Based on the consideration of project design and easy arrangement, we discussed with the assistant director of Miyun County Finance Bureau, the director of Environmental Protection Bureau, the director of Planning Bureau, the director of Labor and Social Security Bureau and the director of Cultural Commission.

1, financial management and existing problems

The relationship between county-level finance and municipal finance basically reflects that the first-level government manages the first-level finance. Under the tax-sharing system, the fiscal system of counties and cities is clearly divided, the ownership of various taxes is clear, and the proportion and responsibility of tax revenue are clear. For example, the division of value-added tax is: 75% belongs to national tax and 25% belongs to local tax. The local tax is 25%, and the municipal finance and county finance each take half. Starting from this year, personal income tax will be shared by the central and local governments. After the tax-sharing system, the municipal finance divides the tax revenue according to the basic needs. County finance can not meet the needs, the municipal finance to give appropriate subsidies. In addition to subsidies, the funds from the municipal finance to the county finance are also earmarked.

Miyun has developed rapidly in recent years, and the municipal appearance of the county has undergone tremendous changes. The city's urban construction funds are partly raised by auctioning old infrastructure (that is, auction management rights) and partly by using foreign direct investment.

The problem now is that there is no clear division of county and township finance, and county finance has arranged the difficulties of township finance. The arrangement of county finance is not a minimum commitment, but a complete commitment to the economic responsibility of township governments. Because the financial relationship between county and township is not clearly defined, the township government relies heavily. In practice, county-level finance needs to allocate part of its income to township governments. The funds that villages and towns can't solve by themselves when exercising their functions are all borne by the county finance. For example, some towns and villages have set up their own foundations, which are actually financial institutions. People's money is borrowed by the township government to run enterprises and schools. If there is a funding problem, it should be digested by the towns themselves, but the towns can't digest it, and the money borrowed by the people can't be repaid. Finally, the county finance has to bear this debt.

County-level government is not the most basic government, but it undertakes the responsibilities of the most basic government. For example, the salaries of teachers in villages and towns should have been settled by villages and towns, but now they can't, and they are all settled by county finance. Not only teachers' salaries, but also public security and justice in towns and villages are borne by the county finance. At the beginning of 2002, the township government could not pay wages, so it had to pay more than 50 million yuan in advance by the county finance.

At present, county finance and education are the biggest. There are more than 9,000 primary and secondary school teachers in the county, half of whom eat financial meals, and their salaries account for 30% of the county's finances. In addition, Miyun is an old revolutionary base area, with18,000 pension relief workers, all of whom enjoy county financial security subsidies.

As far as the actual situation of villages and towns is concerned, the county finance bureau believes that the current financial system arrangement is "whipping the fast cattle", and which township has more income and greater responsibility must solve the problem by itself. Which township can't solve it by itself, the county finance will arrange it.

As far as the relationship between county and township is concerned, there is a problem of inconsistency between powers and responsibilities in the functional departments of county government. Personnel power and financial power are not unified. The personnel rights of township teachers, public security police and judicial personnel are in the personnel department. As long as the staffing is increased, the county finance will have to allocate funds. In short, the institutional arrangement of the functional departments of the county government is to manage people regardless of money, and to manage money regardless of people.

2. Environmental management and existing problems

Miyun County is the location of Miyun Reservoir, the water source of Beijing's urban water supply. Protecting Beijing's water sources and environmental protection is an important task of Miyun county government. The environmental protection department is the administrative law enforcement department. According to the provisions of the organic law, the relationship between the municipal environmental protection bureau and the county environmental protection bureau is the relationship between guidance and guidance. The director of Miyun County Environmental Protection Bureau said that in fact, the relationship between the environmental protection departments of cities and counties is leadership, and the so-called "guidance" is mandatory guidance.

Before 1995, the people, money and things of the county environmental protection bureau were under the control of the city. After 1995, people, money and things were changed to county management, but the appointment and removal of the director of the county environmental protection bureau required the consent of the municipal environmental protection bureau. In practical work, the county government and the municipal environmental protection bureau often have contradictions. For example, if the county government decides to launch a project, the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau thinks it will damage the environment and asks the county environmental protection bureau to intervene in law enforcement. At this time, the county environmental protection bureau may be in the middle of the contradiction between cities and counties.

Miyun County has the largest jurisdiction area among all districts and counties in Beijing, and 70% of Beijing's drinking water comes from Miyun Reservoir. The Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau often arranges work, demanding greater environmental protection law enforcement, but it does not solve the funding problem. The county party committee and the county government are in charge of people's heads and funds, regardless of business. With the increasing importance of environmental protection work, the county does not increase staffing, but saves funds and expenses, resulting in a situation in which business, responsibilities, personnel and funds are out of touch.

According to the provisions of national laws and regulations, the environmental protection department has one vote of veto. New projects must be approved by the environmental protection department before they can be launched. The environmental protection department does not approve, the planning department is not allowed to plan, the land use procedures are not allowed, the industrial and commercial license is not issued, the construction Committee does not approve the construction permit, the bank is not allowed to lend, and the Planning Commission is not allowed to establish a project.

The director of the county environmental protection bureau said: The current situation is that the county environmental protection bureau has two "mother-in-law", and the real "mother-in-law" is the county government. Sometimes, the tasks assigned by the city are not necessarily what the county wants to do. Especially when the municipal government is forced to do it and the county government doesn't want to do it, the county environmental protection bureau has to deal with these two "mother-in-law". For example, the county government's investment projects require the county environmental protection bureau to issue a certificate of conformity. The county government wants the environmental protection department, but it is also the leader of the county environmental protection department. What did you say?/Sorry?

Regarding the relationship between the county environmental protection department and the township, at present, the county environmental protection bureau has set up a part-time environmental protection officer in the township, giving a subsidy of 1000 yuan every year, but the township environmental protection officer has no law enforcement authority and is not a formal law enforcement agency. His main duty is to convey information. Judging from the recent situation, in the process of grass-roots government management, many people think that environmental protection work will inevitably conflict with economic development. When there is a contradiction between economic development and environmental protection, most township governments give priority to local economic development. Miyun county is rich in mineral resources, and there have been many small concentrator, sand factory and other enterprises.

Due to the guiding ideology of "establishing a county by environmental protection" determined by Miyun County Party Committee and government, despite great pressure, Miyun's environmental protection work has achieved good results. At present, Miyun County has the best forest protection and air quality in Beijing.

3. About the management of Miyun Reservoir

On the issue of intergovernmental relations, Miyun County has a special problem, that is, the management of Miyun Reservoir. The land of Miyun Reservoir belongs to the common people, and the reservoir belongs to the state. When the government built the reservoir, it did not requisition the land around it. In order to save water, the forestry department planted many trees around the reservoir. The problem now is that ordinary people own mountains, but they don't own trees on them. People can't cut down trees and operate on their own land. This is a serious problem. This has also caused confusion in management and law enforcement. Sometimes law enforcement conflicts with the interests of ordinary people, but the relevant departments of the county government, especially the environmental protection department, have to enforce the law because of the compulsory arrangement of the superior.

According to the management experience of western developed countries, the state purchases all the land in the reservoir area, implements river basin management, and implements strict environmental protection for the river basin; Or the state and local governments (enterprises, communities) reach an agreement to implement market-oriented management and strict environmental protection. In a word, it solves the problem of wrestling and competing for interests by strictly defining the ownership of property rights and interests. However, in Miyun, reservoir management is compartmentalized, each department benefits and each department shares the cost. The beneficiaries of the reservoir are Beijing citizens, but the obligation to protect the water source is Miyun people. Miyun people have done a lot of obligations (such as not using high-residue pesticides in farming), but they have not brought any benefits.

At present, administrative management attaches great importance to the transformation of government functions. The problem is to figure out which functions should be changed and which functions should not be changed first. If the central government can't figure out which functions should be changed and which functions should not be changed, and if the policies of higher-level governments conflict with each other, then local governments, especially specific law enforcement departments, will be embarrassed.

4. Cultural management and existing problems

Miyun County Cultural Committee is the product of the institutional reform of 200 1 and was established on the basis of the merger of several institutions. At present, there are five corresponding institutions at the superior level of the County Cultural Committee, namely Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture, Information Bureau, Copyright Bureau, Cultural Relics Bureau and Radio and Television Bureau. Among them, the relationship with the Municipal Bureau of Culture directly corresponds to government agencies, and the relationship with other agencies belongs to the category of dispatched agencies. Institutions under the Culture Commission include libraries, cultural centers and theaters. The relationship between the County Cultural Committee and the relevant business departments of the city is a guiding relationship, and the relationship with the township cultural service center (formerly known as the cultural station) is also a guiding relationship.

At present, the County Cultural Committee has a staffing of 12, which is specifically responsible for implementing 18 laws and regulations. The number of personnel of the Cultural Committee is uniformly compiled by the county personnel department, and the funds depend entirely on the county finance. The five superior management departments do not solve the funds and often issue tasks. For the restoration of cultural relics in the county, the county can only strive for the cost of municipal and national cultural relics restoration, and the restoration projects and principles are decided by the city.

The relevant comrades of Miyun County Cultural Committee believe that at present, the administrative system of cultural management has not been straightened out. Since 1995, the cultural market has developed rapidly, and the workload is getting bigger and bigger, while the law enforcement personnel are limited. 195 There were 16 printing plants in Miyun County, compared with 72 in 2002. Internet cafes are also developing rapidly. Internet cafes used to be managed by the information industry department. After the accident in Beijing Lansu Internet Cafe, it was changed from the cultural department to law enforcement management. At present, printing, literary and artistic activities, mass culture, entertainment activities, cultural relics protection and management, copyright, pornography and illegal publications, and Internet cafes are all managed by the cultural departments. The amount of cultural administrative law enforcement is increasing, but the manpower of the cultural department is controlled by the county personnel department, and the management relationship is not completely straightened out.

Some cultural products should be provided by the party and the government (such as ideological products), but more are provided by the people. The cultural products provided by the people are mixed, which needs to be standardized by the government management department. Strict management regulations and high profit returns in the cultural market often lead to people who run cultural industries with a certain social background, which to some extent increases the difficulty of cultural law enforcement. As far as the actual situation of cultural management in Miyun County is concerned, the five systems under the unified management of the Cultural Commission should be more integrated to form a unified concept of "grand culture". The law enforcement personnel of the five systems should gradually form a unified law enforcement team.

5. Planning management and existing problems

Miyun County Planning Bureau is responsible for the planning and management of the county. The Planning Bureau has 27 employees, but actually 43 employees. Beijing Municipal Planning Commission exercises business leadership over Miyun County Planning Bureau. The county planning bureau has a liaison in the township planning office. The people, finances and real rights of the county planning bureau are in the county government.

The urban construction of Miyun County has developed rapidly in recent years, and the task of the Planning Bureau is very heavy, which has played a huge role. At present, the problems of land occupation, map and land examination and approval in Miyun County are all related to the Planning Department. Of course, land issues are mainly decided by the Land Bureau, so coordination is often needed. The management of place names in Beijing is in the Municipal Planning Commission, and the rest of the country is generally in the Civil Affairs Bureau. The faster the urban construction, the greater the task of the planning department. Judging from the specific situation of planning management, the planning management of Beijing municipal government mainly lies in the Municipal Cultural Committee and the District Planning Bureau, and the township government has no power in this regard.

According to the comrades of the county planning bureau, the main problem encountered by the planning department now is that the power given to the county planning department by the Municipal Planning Commission is very small, and many problems need to be reported to the municipal competent department for examination and approval, resulting in low work efficiency. In addition, the coordination between the planning department and other business departments of the county government is also very complicated, which further reduces the work efficiency. For example, the approval of the planning department must first be approved by the environmental protection department before entering the procedure. The coordination between planning department and other functional departments, such as environmental protection department and land management department, was originally a very necessary good thing, but due to the unreasonable design of management process, time delay has become a common phenomenon, and the approval of a project often takes more than half a year.

6. Our suggestions

As the county-level government is the basic hub of China's administrative system, it bears almost the same regional management functions as the central government except the functions of national defense, diplomacy, customs and macro-control, and the institutional setup of the county-level government also has a high degree of correspondence with the central government. With the continuous improvement of the socialist market economic system, while the central government is constantly changing its functions, county-level governments also have the urgent task of changing their functions. At present, the basic idea of the transformation of county-level government functions is to gradually move from omnipotent government to limited government.

The so-called limited government means that government power should not be all-encompassing and omnipotent, but should be based on protecting citizens' rights, correcting market defects, ensuring social stability and promoting economic and social development. The power restriction of limited government is mainly about the relationship between government functions and market regulation, government management and social autonomy. As far as the function allocation of county-level government under market economy is concerned, the benign operation of market economy objectively requires county-level government to withdraw from many economic fields and mainly perform economic functions such as providing public products, reducing information asymmetry, adjusting income distribution and promoting social equity. Without a government with limited functions, there will be no fully competitive market economy. The multi-center governance structure of civil society also objectively requires reducing government control behavior, and government control over society should be limited to not infringing social autonomy and freedom. The development and progress of modern western society shows that a healthy and orderly society depends on the joint drive of government management, market regulation and social autonomy. Whether it is over-strengthening one carriage or deliberately weakening another carriage, it will not help the harmonious development of economy and society, and even lead to serious institutional rigidity and development disaster.

In the current reform of the county government system, the county government should withdraw from the field of economic construction as much as possible. The work of the county government should gradually change from the construction of engineering projects to the construction of economic norms, and concentrate on straightening out relations, standardizing the market, ensuring stability and maintaining fairness. County governments should speed up the structural adjustment of the layout of state-owned economy, reorganize and standardize the economic fields with natural monopoly and public welfare, strengthen the functions of rule-making and market supervision, and establish and improve the social security system. At the same time, we should accelerate the separation of government and enterprise, actively cultivate social intermediary institutions, strengthen the gradual opening of service and public welfare markets such as education, health, culture and sports, and form a multi-center local public goods supply mechanism and public resource governance structure.

As far as the special task of Miyun county government is concerned, Miyun county not only provides local public products and public services within the county, but also undertakes the management and protection of public natural water sources in Beijing. That is, Miyun county government has the responsibility to protect Miyun reservoir, protect the surrounding environment of the reservoir area and prevent environmental pollution. Under the condition of market economy, governments at all levels must be recognized as legitimate interest subjects. Only in this way can we fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties and improve the supply efficiency of public goods and services. Therefore, we believe that Miyun county government should have the corresponding income right and get a reasonable return on income while undertaking the obligation of protecting water sources. In order to ensure the clean water source of Beijing's urban water supply, Miyun farmers have paid a certain loss of interest in agricultural production, and they should receive corresponding interest subsidies. Otherwise, if the economic subject suffers losses in actual economic activities due to its own special natural resources, it is reasonable. This inequality between cost and actual income will gradually accumulate contradictions, which is not conducive to maintaining and ensuring the continuous supply of public goods. In view of this, we suggest that the relevant departments in Beijing can consider the price paid by Miyun County to protect high-quality water sources, establish reasonable institutional arrangements and compensation mechanisms, and realize a virtuous circle of local public goods and public services. Second, the intergovernmental relationship centered on the township government.

In the local government management, the township (town) level government is in a very special position. Compared with the county-level government, it has no clear functional departments, so-called "a thousand lines above, a needle below"; Compared with village-level organizations, it belongs to the government system and has corresponding management obligations to village autonomous organizations, which conflicts with the autonomous function of village-level organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to straighten out the intergovernmental relations with the township government as the core. In July 2002, we conducted an interview survey in four towns in Miyun County. Respondents included two mayors and two secretaries of township committees. There are three problems in the investigation: first, the relationship between township government and county government and its functional departments; Second, the relationship between township and village; Third, the relationship between villages and towns. The survey results show that the third question has no substantive significance, because there is not much contact between villages and towns and there is no problem. However, there are many problems between townships and counties and between townships and villages.

1, the relationship between township government and county government

The relationship between township government and county government is mainly reflected in two levels, one is the power relationship, and the other is the economic relationship. In terms of power relations, there is no big problem between township leaders and higher-level governments. According to the regulations, the township (town) head (secretary) is directly led by the higher-level government, and its personnel relations and salary relations are managed by the county party Committee and county government. However, it is difficult to clarify the power relationship between the township government and the county government. First of all, the township government is facing the conflict between the law and the power of the county government. China is a unitary country, and the township government, as a first-level government organ, is strictly bound by the law, and the township government must abide by the law. On the other hand, governments at all levels have just emerged from the planned economic system, and the planning color in management is very strong. As a grass-roots government with complete functions, the county government will certainly make various decisions and directly manage the township government. These management measures must also be observed by township governments, so there will be conflicts between laws and administrative orders. According to the law, it is impossible to complete the tasks set by the county government, and it is illegal to follow administrative orders. Therefore, township heads are often in power conflicts from different sources.

There is also a certain degree of disharmony between the township government and the county functional departments. The township government is the most basic government. It has no corresponding functional departments, but it has corresponding functions, so it should always deal with county functional departments. The functional departments are only responsible to the higher authorities, not to the township government, which brings some troubles to the township government. Since there is no corresponding functional department, a small matter must be personally asked by the township head or secretary, otherwise the functional department will not recognize it. In front of functional departments, a township head is like an ordinary clerk.

In terms of economic relations, the township head also faces difficulties. At the beginning of each year, the township head should sign a corresponding agreement with the county government. The agreement includes money, unpaid blood donation and family planning. The focus is on the improvement of total output value and fiscal revenue. Some towns and villages still face the task of flood control and flood fighting. The content of the agreement is decomposed into corresponding indicators. In order to achieve these goals, the township head must take certain measures to the village organizations and exercise certain powers. However, due to the autonomy of village organizations and the privatization of township enterprises, most of the village organizations are in debt, so the township head has little say in the development of the village, so the township head only passively accepts these indicators and is unable to take the initiative to complete them.

2. The relationship between township government and village-level organizations.

Great changes have taken place in rural relations since the village organizations implemented autonomy. First of all, the village head is not responsible to the village head, but to the villagers, so the village head's management right to the village head is greatly restricted. The township head has no right to recall the village head and no economic control; If the village head doesn't want to do it, he can resign and dare to go against the township government. The power of the township head over the village head is losing. Secondly, the unclear division of power between the village head and the village secretary also affects the power of the township head. The village head is elected by the villagers and is responsible to the villagers; The party represents the interests of the people and the village party branch represents the interests of the villagers, so there are two representative centers in the village. There will be conflicts between the two centers, and each center will form its own faction. In this kind of conflict, the power of villages and towns to manage villages is weakened: the village secretary will not completely listen to the superior party Committee, and the village head will not completely obey the township government. Some village heads without party affiliation are even more difficult to restrain, and the discipline inspection organs can't control them, and the township heads have no right to control them.

Due to the autonomy of village organizations, the control of villages and towns on the village economy has also been greatly weakened. As mentioned earlier, although the county government has implemented economic indicators in towns and villages, most village-level enterprise organizations have been contracted, and their income has not been reported, leaving only debts, and taxes are not controlled by the township government. As a result, the economic relationship between villages has been greatly weakened. One problem related to economic relations is the financial disclosure after villagers' autonomy. The practice of some villages is to entrust the township government to manage the accounts. But the question is, what if the village does not entrust it? What should I do if the township government takes the money after entrusting it?

3. Our suggestions

In the relationship among counties, townships and villages, the township government is the key, and the key to reforming the township government is to straighten out the power relationship. First, straighten out its power relationship with counties and townships; The second is to straighten out the power relationship between township government and society.

Judging from the first relationship, the role of township government as a first-level government is unclear. Judging from the relationship between township leaders and the county government, the township government has actually become a subordinate or agency of the county government, and the promotion of the township head is in the hands of the county party Committee and the county government. Judging from the daily work of the township government, it is actually turning around the tasks stipulated by the county government. Judging from the function of township government to society, because it is a first-level government with clear legal status and its own power organization and administrative organization, township government has corresponding power to the development of its own township and certain power to villagers' self-governing organizations. But this is contradictory to the autonomy of village organizations. This shows that the power and function of township government are not clear. The solution is to clarify the powers and functions of township governments. Because among counties, townships and villages, village organizational autonomy conforms to the trend of democracy, and the form of autonomy can only be improved, but not abolished; It is a common practice all over the world to set up a first-level government at the county level, and the reform of county-level government will be more difficult. Therefore, reforming the township government is a feasible method. The idea of reform is to clarify its power and function. There are three specific methods.

First, turn the township government into a real agency of the county government, whose task is to carry out the orders of the county government. The functions of township governments are just like those of tax authorities. They only have negative power, such as tax family planning, but have no positive power, and economic development has nothing to do with it. Township governments have no direct relationship with village organizations, but only deal with individual villagers. Problems in village organizations are handled by the corresponding departments.

Second, turn the township government into an independent first-class political organization. The county-level government has no right to interfere beyond the authority prescribed by law, and the township head has no pressure from various economic indicators. It is only managed within the scope prescribed by law, such as taxation and family planning. The supervision of the county-level government over the township heads is completed by the audit department and the court.

Third, the township government has become an autonomous organization. This requires governments at all levels to withdraw from society more comprehensively and become semi-vigil police. Otherwise, once the villages and towns are autonomous, it will be difficult for the county government to intervene in society.

Of the above three schemes, the first scheme is more feasible as far as the current situation is concerned. Comparatively speaking, the first scheme has the least influence on the current power operation mode, and the situation after villagers' autonomy forces the township government to narrow the scope of power. A more feasible method is to turn the township government into an agency of the county government. China's reform is a top-down reform, and many programs are beyond the scholars' prediction. In order to improve the ability of democratic practice, villages and towns can also be turned into autonomous organizations.