Information about human exploration of Mars

1975, the United States launched Viking 1 and Viking 2 spacecraft to Mars. Their orbiters and landers have made many surveys of 99% of Mars from space to the ground, and collected soil samples for testing. Studies have shown that the surface environment of Mars is extremely bad, and even microorganisms with strong vitality have not been found, let alone Martians!

After that, 12 Martian meteorites were collected, among which 1984 American scholars found a Martian meteorite (ALHS, 400 1) weighing 1.9Kg in Antarctica, and found that there were primitive cell fossils, hydrocarbons and carbonates on it, which were similar to the products of primitive life activities on the earth, and for a time, the life of Mars was changed.

Over the past half century, the United States, the former Soviet Union, Europe, Japan and other countries have successively launched 38 detection devices to Mars, of which 2 1 failed, and 17 succeeded. Five landers landed one after another, obtaining more than 200,000 space and ground photos and more than 30,000 items of data. The last two were launched in 2003, and Spirit and Opportunity (a highly intelligent robot) landed on June 3, 2004 and June 25, 2004 respectively. After fixed-point survey, it is confirmed that there is a certain amount of water (ice) on Mars, and the remains of ancient Martian oceans and floods are seen. The scientific community believes that Mars was once a warm and humid world. Water is a prerequisite for life. The above detection results provide clues for solving the mystery of life on Mars, and also open up prospects for the future transformation, development and utilization of Mars by human beings on Earth.

It is reported that the United States plans to send robots to excavate samples of Martian rocks and soil in 2007.

The Earth Laboratory will launch a Mars communication satellite in 2020, and build a Mars orbiting space station through international cooperation in 2030, striving to realize Mars tourism of the earth and human beings in this century and realize Mars immigration in the next century.