Four aspects of career information: career resource information.

Vocational guidance is a very detailed professional work. After nearly a hundred years of development, the content of vocational guidance has been very rich. The guidance process is divided into four stages:

1, detection and identification. Schools should first test students' psychological ability, personal interests, ability tendency and personality characteristics, and then make an appraisal. The school has set up a portfolio for each student, and accumulated various materials, including records of tests and evaluations, as well as their health status, academic performance, habits, extracurricular activities, employment experience and so on. This kind of file record is the basic basis of vocational guidance.

2. Information service. Collecting information about various occupations is an important stage in the process of career guidance. Career information includes four aspects: (1) about career nature, salary, working conditions and promotion possibility; (2) Minimum requirements for job seekers; (3) the educational curriculum plan for preparing for employment, and the study period, admission qualifications and tuition fees of educational institutions providing such training; (4) About employment opportunities.

3. Consultation. Its task is to help students determine their pursuit goals according to the school's appraisal of him and a lot of professional information obtained.

4. recommendation. That is to help students find suitable jobs.

Vocational guidance varies from country to country. Its basic contents mainly include the following aspects: (1) Defining three career directions; Conducting professional knowledge; Reflect the relationship between market supply and demand; Introduce the employment policy; Guide employment channels; Carry out career counseling.

Identify the "three directions" of occupation

Career orientation refers to the tendency of workers to professional physical strength, professional ability and professional personality, which is abbreviated as strength orientation, ability orientation and sexual orientation. The three directions of occupation constitute the main part of workers' professional quality. For job seekers, they are generally not very clear about their career direction. Career guidance should first help job seekers understand themselves through testing, investigation, analysis and comparison.

Every country, even every vocational guidance institution, has different regulations on vocational orientation, but the main contents are basically the same. Next, I will introduce the regulations of Employment and Immigration Canada on three-way occupation.

1. Occupational physical strength tendency

The trend of occupational physical strength shows the requirements of the profession for the physical quality of workers or the physical strength that employees must have in order to be competent for the profession. Occupational physical tendency includes the following eight contents.

(1) strength

Sitting and working: lifting objects weighing 10 pounds, sometimes it is necessary to lift or carry items such as folders or gadgets.

Light work: Lift up to 20 pounds, but it is often necessary to lift or carry objects weighing 10 pounds.

Medium job: lift 50 pounds, but often need to lift or carry objects weighing 20 pounds.

Heavy work: it can lift 65,438+000 pounds, but it often needs to lift or carry objects of 50 pounds or more.

Extremely heavy work: it is necessary to lift objects over 100 pounds, and it is often necessary to lift or carry objects over 50 pounds.

(2) Climbing balance. For climbing, emphasize the agility of body movements; For balance, emphasize physical balance.

Climbing: climbing or descending from ladders, stairs, scaffolding, passenger ladders, wooden poles, ropes, etc. Having feet and legs or hands and arms.

Balance: Keep balance when walking, standing, squatting or running on a narrow, smooth or irregular surface to prevent falling, or keep balance when doing gymnastics.

(3) Bend, kneel, squat and climb. This activity needs to make full use of the muscles of lower limbs and back.

Bend: Bend the lumbar spine to bend the body forward.

Kneeling posture: bend your legs at your knees to support your body with one knee or both knees.

Squat: Bend your legs and spine to bend your body forward.

Crawl: the movement of landing on both hands and knees or landing on both hands and feet.

(4) Stretch your arms, operate with your hands, operate with your fingers or feel with your skin.

Stretch your arms: Stretch your hands and arms in any direction.

Hand operation: grasp, hold, grasp and rotate objects with one hand or both hands to do other actions (but without fingers).

Finger operation: mainly use your fingers to pick, pinch or do other actions (unlike hand operation, you don't need all your hands or arms).

Perception with skin: Perception of various properties of objects and materials, such as size, shape, temperature, texture, etc. , depends on the skin receptors, especially the fingertips.

(5) speak. Express and exchange ideas in spoken language. Speaking is very important for those who have to give oral explanations to customers or the public at work. This is also important for people who have to convey detailed or important instructions to other employees accurately, loudly or quickly at work.

(6) listening. Perceive the essence of sound with your ears. Listening is extremely important for those who need to get detailed information through oral communication at work, and it is also extremely important for those who need to distinguish voices carefully at work.

(7) eyesight. Get the impression of the shape, size, distance, movement, color or other characteristics of an object with your eyes.

Long-distance visual acuity: See objects 20 feet (6,096 meters) or more clearly.

Close visual acuity: See clearly objects 20 inches (50.8 cm) or closer.

Depth sense: It has the ability of stereoscopic vision, and can specifically judge the distance between objects and the spatial relationship between objects, so as to see objects according to their actual conditions.

Adjust the adaptive function: it will adjust the focal length of the eyeball lens to see the object clearly. This factor is very important for people who need to change the visual distance of their eyes to watch objects at different distances at work.

Color discrimination: the ability to recognize and distinguish different colors.

Vision: when you look at it with your eyes, you can see the range of up, down, left and right.

(8) control. It is required to operate the machine with the coordinated movements of limbs, eyes, hands and feet.

Hands, arms: Use only arms to control the operation of the machine.

Legs and feet: only one leg and foot or two legs and feet are used to control the operation of machinery.

Coordination ability of eyes, hands and feet: according to visual stimulation, make the movements of hands and feet coordinate with each other and control the operation of machinery.

2. Professional ability tendency

The tendency of professional ability shows the requirements of this profession for the working ability of workers, or the ability that employees must have in order to be competent for this profession. Career aptitude includes the following 1 1:

(1) intelligence: general learning ability, ability to "grasp" or understand instructions and basic principles, ability to reason and make judgments.

(2) Language expression ability: the ability to understand the meaning of words and related ideas and the ability to use words effectively. Understand language, understand the relationship between words, and understand the meaning of whole sentences and paragraphs. Will clearly explain the situation and express ideas.

(3) Mathematical calculation ability: the ability to perform digital operations quickly and accurately.

(4) sense of space: the ability to imagine geometric shapes and understand the two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional objects through thinking, and the ability to identify various relationships caused by the spatial movement of objects. This direction can be used for reading blueprints and solving geometric problems. The ability to "imagine" two-dimensional or three-dimensional shapes or geometric shapes through thinking is often called a sense of space.

(5) Somatosensory perception: the ability to perceive details in objects, pictures or graphic materials. The ability to visually compare and identify subtle differences between the shape and brightness of graphics and the width and length of lines.

(6) Office clerical ability: the ability to proofread relevant details of words or forms. The ability to read the differences between manuscripts, correct words and figures, and avoid obvious mistakes in arithmetic calculation.

(7) Action coordination: the ability to coordinate the eyes, hands and fingers quickly and accurately, so as to make accurate actions quickly and accurately, and to respond to actions accurately and quickly.

(8) Finger flexibility: the ability to use fingers quickly and accurately and operate small objects with fingers.

(9) Hand dexterity: the ability to use both hands skillfully and freely. The ability to make things by hand. Able to place and rotate by hand.

(10) eye, hand and foot coordination: the ability to coordinate hand and foot movements according to visual stimuli.

(1 1) color discrimination: the ability to perceive or distinguish the similarities and differences of colors or shades of the same color or other tones. The ability to distinguish specific colors, or to distinguish various harmonious or contrasting color combinations, or to accurately mix colors.

The above-mentioned ability level is divided into five grades, which are expressed by the grading ratio of the employed population:

3. Professional personality tendency

Professional personality mainly refers to workers' personal professional interests and occupational character. Vocational interest refers to the tendency of workers to focus on a certain kind of work or activity because of attention or attraction. Occupational character refers to a worker's relatively stable personality, showing his unique preference, inclination or temperament. Career interests are expressed through the following five pairs of opposite career tendencies:

Occupational character adopts the following twelve factors determined by actual working conditions for evaluation.

(1) The responsibilities are varied and often change.

(2) Repetitive or short-period operation shall be carried out according to the prescribed procedure or sequence.

(3) only work according to specific instructions, and there is little or no independent action or judgment when studying and solving problems.

(4) To direct, control and plan the whole activity or other people's activities.

(5) Dealing with people within the scope of actual duties, not just giving or receiving instructions.

(6) Although activities are inseparable from other people's activities, they are actually working independently, separated from others and isolated.

(7) Affect people's views, attitudes or judgments on thoughts or affairs.

(8) Being competent in the face of crisis or accident or adventure, but under the condition of mental stress.

(9) Evaluate the information according to the standard of feeling or judgment (make induction, judgment or decision).

(10) Evaluate information (make induction, judgment or decision) according to measurable or verifiable standards. Including two dimensions, according to personal point of view to explain feelings, ideas or facts; Accurately reach specified limits, tolerances or standards.