What is the content of Lie Bin's "Cha poros wrote a reply to the Turkish Sultan"

Lie Bin completed an important historical painting Princess Sophia Alexei Yevna in the New Notre Dame Monastery 1698 in 1970s and early 1980s. Soon, another important historical painting, The Ivan the Terrible and His Son, was exhibited in the 13 roving exhibition, which aroused great social repercussions. Finally, Lie Bin's representative works, brewed as early as 1878, are on public display at 189 1. This is the masterpiece "Cha poros's Reply to the Turkish Sultan" conceived in 13. This painting can be said to be the masterpiece of Lie Bin's Portrait of Characters, which shows a school,/kloc-the most brilliant school of Russian realistic painting in the 9th century-attaching importance to the personality characteristics of typical characters. Lie Bin created different types of Cossack Chaporos people with great enthusiasm, paid attention to every detail of them, collected their unique national costumes and props, chose the personality characteristics of each different image, and used the composition method emphasized by the Russian Academy to deal with this multi-role drama scene. This oil painting adds luster to the history of modern Russian oil painting.

The painter has prepared this painting for a long time. He went to learn about the historical materials of poros Qiqi, personally visited poros, and drew many exercises. There are not only portraits in the exercises, but also sketches and sketches of clothes, daily utensils and weapons. Cha Poros Cheqi was an autonomous organization of Russian Cossacks in Ukraine from 16 to 18 century. It consists of armed immigrants, mainly serfs who fled from landlords to Chaporos. The painting depicts that in the17th century, the Turkish emperor hoped that these Cossacks would leave Russia and join him. This letter angered these brave and tenacious serfdom Cossacks. Although they live here, they love their motherland deeply and never want to leave their hometown. This painting depicts the heroic Cha poros who wrote back to the Turkish Sultan at the behest of the leader Selko (a man sitting in the middle with a pipe in the first painting). The wording of the reply is quite sharp, which not only expresses the patriotic feelings of Russian Cossack Cha poros, but also mocks the purchase intention of the other party. Painters collectively imitate this scene, showing different postures, shapes, personalities and expressions of each character. Is to check poros's character spectrum, with many characters, distinctive features and interesting painting style.

When talking about the conception of this painting, Lie Bin said: "No matter in the history of people of all ethnic groups or in the artistic heritage ... what often attracts me is the sight of citizens living in groups and collective activities. Of course, what attracts me most is * * * and the system. ..... What makes me happy about our investigation of poros is the upsurge of this freedom and this samurai spirit. The heroic power of the Russian people gave up secular welfare and established equal brotherly friendship to defend their orthodox beliefs and the highest quality personality. These warriors-of course, they were also the most capable minority at that time-because of this rational spirit, they not only defended Europe against the predators in the East, but even threatened their powerful civilization at that time and made fun of the arrogance of the predators in the East. " This self-report has great enlightenment for us to appreciate and understand the theme of this painting.

Every figure in the painting is designed after careful consideration, so there are several variant paintings before and after this painting. The first painting we appreciate here: the Cossack fat man on the right is laughing (in the second variant, this figure is moved to the back of the right side of the table), and the poros shirtless man on the left is said to be Taras Polba, the hero of Nikolai Nikolai Gogol's famous historical novel, and he is a Cossack hero with lofty temperament. Lie Bin collected a lot of vivid living materials for this character to emphasize the witty personality of the old man. In addition, he is also a card fan. In the middle of the shot, the bearded old man standing behind the table is pointing his finger back, indicating that he would "sprinkle some pepper noodles" on them (Turkish Sultan) in his letter. At that time, because the leader made an ironic remark, everyone present burst into laughter. This painting shows this moment of laughter.

These freedom fighters have a variety of costumes and personality expressions, and almost every character has his own story: there are poros people who are born and raised here, and the gray braid on their heads is a habit "hairstyle"; There are also students from youth theological seminaries; There are old people who have lost their teeth, and soldiers who are covered with cloth and silent; There are well-dressed dandies and wrinkled skinny old people. The audience can't find two identical images and two identical expressions in this painting. Because of the large number of words, the painter constantly revised and changed the position, and revised the manuscript dozens of times in the past ten years until there were no additions or deletions. As a result, several variant oil paintings with roughly the same characters but different positions were produced: an oil painting from 1870 to 1887, which is not as good as this one in terms of the arrangement of characters, is now in Trechakov Gallery; 1880 ~ 189 1 a painting, in which there are about two painters standing, and the figure on the right has his back to the audience, which has linked a group of figures from the central government to achieve a balanced composition. It is now in the Russian Museum; The first picture appreciated in this paper was completed between 1880 and 1893. There are a lot fewer characters. The middle leader, Cossack, who smoked half a table, was deleted to highlight the clerk who was writing a letter with glasses and a smile. This painting is now in the Harkov Museum of Plastic Arts.

These images exude the courage and fearlessness of the whole Chaporoschi. Their eyes sparkle with the glory of a nation that loves the motherland and strives for self-improvement. This is an ode of the Russian people, and it is also one of Lie Bin's best oil paintings at the end of his creation.