The material content of the space handwritten newspaper in my eyes

Throughout the ages, people have observed the brilliant starry sky with the naked eye, and many of their discoveries inevitably seem crude, or even just conjectures. When Galileo and others pointed their telescopes at the vast space, people gradually discovered more mysteries of space. Below is the material content of the space handwritten newspaper that I compiled in my eyes. Welcome to refer to it!

How was the universe formed?

1. Scientists believe that it originated from an incredible Big Bang 13.7 billion years ago. This is an unimaginable energy explosion. It will take 12 billion to 15 billion years for the light from the edge of the universe to reach the earth. The material emitted by the Big Bang floats in space. Huge galaxies composed of many stars are made of this material. Our sun is one of these countless stars. Originally, people imagined that the universe would stop expanding due to gravity. However, scientists have discovered that there is a "dark energy" in the universe that generates a repulsive force that accelerates the expansion of the universe.

2. The theory of the universe holds that the universe we observe, in its early stages of development, was concentrated in a singularity with an extremely small volume, extremely high temperature, and extremely high density. Around 14.1 billion years ago, the Big Bang occurred after the singularity, and the birth history of our universe began.

3. 0.01 seconds after the Big Bang, the temperature of the universe was approximately 100 billion degrees. The main forms of matter are electrons, photons, and neutrinos. After that, the material diffuses rapidly and the temperature decreases rapidly. One second after the big bang, it dropped to 10 billion degrees. 14 seconds after the big bang, the temperature was about 3 billion degrees. After 35 seconds, at 300 million degrees, chemical elements begin to form. The temperature continues to drop and atoms continue to form. The universe is filled with gas clouds. Under the influence of gravity, they formed star systems, which then evolved over a long period of time to become today's universe.

What is the universe? How big is the universe? What is the age of the universe?

The universe is the general term for all things and is the unity of time and space. Judging from the latest observational data, the farthest galaxy that has been observed is 13 billion light-years away from us. In other words, if a beam of light is emitted from the galaxy at a speed of 300,000 kilometers per second, it will take 13 billion years to reach the earth. According to the Big Bang model of the universe, the age of the universe is approximately 20 billion years.

How many galaxies are there in the universe? How many stars are there in each galaxy?

In this spherical space with a radius of 13 billion light years, it has been discovered and observed by people. There are about 125 billion galaxies in the world, and each galaxy has tens of billions to trillions of stars like the sun. So just by doing a simple math problem, you can easily understand how many stars there are in the universe that we have observed. In such a vast universe, the earth is really like a drop in the ocean, insignificant.

What are the ages of the Sun and the Earth?

It is estimated that the Sun is 10 million to 2000 years older than the Earth, while radioactive dating puts the Earth’s age at 4.5 billion years, so The age of the sun is 4.51 billion years.

Introduction to the Milky Way?

It is the galaxy to which the Earth and the Sun belong. It is named after the bright band whose main part is projected on the celestial sphere and is called the Milky Way in my country. The Milky Way is in the shape of a spiral, with four spiral arms extending evenly and symmetrically from the center of the Milky Way. The center of the Milky Way and the four spiral arms are places where stars are densely packed. Seen from a distance, the Milky Way looks like a large discus used for physical exercise. The diameter of the discus is 100,000 light-years, which is equivalent to 946.08 trillion kilometers. The thickest part in the middle is about 3,000 to 12,000 light-years across. The Milky Way as a whole rotates poorly, and the Sun is located in a spiral arm called the Orion Arm, about 25,000 light-years away from the center of the Milky Way. Most stars in the Milky Way are concentrated in an oblate spheroid of space, shaped like a discus. The protruding part in the middle of the oblate spheroid is called the "nuclear bulge", with a radius of about 7,000 light-years. The middle part of the nuclear ball is called the "silver core" and the surrounding area is called the "silver plate". There is a larger sphere outside the galactic disk, where there are few stars and low density, called the "galactic halo", with a diameter of 70,000 light-years. The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy with a spiral structure, that is, it has a galactic center and two spiral arms. The spiral arms are 4,500 light years apart. The rotation speed and period of each part vary depending on the distance from the galactic center. In 1971, British astronomers Lyndon Bell and Martin Ness analyzed infrared observations and other properties of the central region of the Milky Way and pointed out that the energy source at the center of the Milky Way should be a black hole. However, there is currently no conclusive evidence for massive black holes. .

How does the Milky Way work? How many years does it take for the Sun to orbit the Milky Way? What is the age of the Milky Way?

The Milky Way is a giant spiral galaxy, Sb type, with 4 spiral arms. . Contains one to two hundred billion stars. The sun is about 23,000 light-years away from the center of the galaxy, orbiting the center of the galaxy at a speed of 250 kilometers per second, with a period of about 250 million years. Regarding the age of the Milky Way, the current mainstream view is that the Milky Way was born shortly after the Big Bang. Using this method to calculate, the age of our Milky Way is approximately 14.5 billion years old, with an error of more than 2 billion years. Year.

The scientific community believes that the "Big Bang" when the universe was born occurred approximately...

What is a galaxy? How many galaxies and stars are there in the universe?

Most of the light spots on the sky are The stars of the Milky Way, but there are also quite a lot of luminous objects, which are huge star groups similar to the Milky Way. They were mistaken for nebulae in history. We call them extragalactic galaxies. Now it is known that there are more than 100 billion galaxies, the famous Andromeda Galaxy. , the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds are extragalactic galaxies visible to the naked eye. The ubiquity of galaxies indicates that they represent a level in the structure of the universe. From the perspective of cosmic evolution, they are a more basic level than stars. There are 100 billion to 200 billion galaxies like the Milky Way in the universe. If the number of stars in the Milky Way is calculated as the lowest number of 200 billion (some people estimate it is 1000 billion), the number of stars in the universe is calculated to be 2×1022~4×1022, that is, 20 trillion to 40 trillion (Some people also put forward 800 trillion to 5000 trillion).

How many stars are there in the Milky Way? How many times the mass of the Milky Way is the sun? How many stars are there in the universe?

About 90% of the matter in the Milky Way is concentrated in stars, and there is still gas in the Milky Way. And dust, which accounts for about 10% of the total mass of the Milky Way. The total mass of the Milky Way is about 1 trillion times the mass of our sun, which is roughly 10 times the combined mass of all the stars in the Milky Way. The total mass of all the stars in the Milky Way tends to be 700 billion solar masses. According to calculations, the average mass of a star is 0.7 times the mass of the sun, so 700 billion solar masses means there are 1,000 billion stars. . There are about 80 billion to 125 billion galaxies in the universe, with 800 trillion stars. The error is about 10 times. Some people have calculated that there are 5000 trillion stars, which is no more than 6 times the actual situation.

How many stars are born in the Milky Way every year?

The Milky Way has a history of about 12 billion years. During this period, about 700 billion stars have been formed, that is, stars are born every year. The rate is more than 50 pieces. Approximately 500 stars have formed in the last 10 million years, and there are thousands more star-forming nebulae.

Which galaxies are closest to the Milky Way? The Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy is the closest, about 78,200 light-years away. Next are the Large Magellanic Cloud, 159,000 light-years away, and the Small Magellanic Cloud, 189,000 light-years away.

How far is the Earth from the center of the Milky Way?

The Earth is about 25,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way, with an error of 1,600 light-years.

How many stars are there in the Milky Way that are similar to the Sun?

There are about 26,348 stars in the Milky Way that have the same color and luminosity as the Sun.

How far is the edge of the solar system from the sun?

The Kuiper Belt in the far reaches of the solar system is a disk-shaped area that gathers comet nuclei and some large celestial bodies, perhaps 240 meters away from the sun. billion kilometers.

What is a planet? How many planets are there in the solar system?

How to define the concept of a planet has always been a controversial issue in astronomy. The International Astronomical Union General Assembly adopted a new definition of "planet" on August 24, 2006. This definition includes the following three points:

1. It must be a celestial body orbiting a star;

< p> 2. The mass must be large enough, and its own attraction must be balanced with the rotation speed to make it spherical;

3. It is not affected by other objects around its orbit and can clear other objects near its orbit. object.

Generally speaking, the diameter of a planet must be more than 800 kilometers and its mass must be more than 5 billion tons.

According to this definition, there are currently 8 planets in the solar system, namely: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

What is the order of size of the planets in the solar system and their proportion to the earth?

1. Jupiter 1316

2. Saturn 745

3. Uranus 65.2

4. Neptune 57.1

5. Earth 1

6. Venus 0.856

7. Mars 0.150

8. Mercury 0.056

What is the arrangement, size and volume of the eight planets?

The nine planets in the solar system, arranged in order of distance from the sun, are Mercury and Venus. , Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

The masses in descending order are: Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury

The volumes in descending order are: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus , Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury

What is a star? How many stars can be seen with the human eye at night?

A sphere composed of hot gas that can emit light by itself Or spherical celestial bodies, stars are all gas planets. The chemical composition of a normal stellar atmosphere is similar to that of the Sun. Calculated by mass, hydrogen is the most abundant, followed by helium, and the rest in order of content are oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, neon, silicon, magnesium, iron, sulfur, etc. The closest star to Earth is the Sun. Next is Proxima Centauri, which is in the constellation Centauri. It takes 4.22 years for the light it emits to reach the earth. On a clear, moonless night and in an area without light pollution, the average person can see more than 6,000 stars with the naked eye. With the help of a telescope, you can see hundreds of thousands or even millions of them.

How to measure the mass and density of stars?

Only special binary star systems can measure the mass. Generally, the mass of stars can only be estimated based on methods such as the mass-light relationship. The measured masses of stars range from a few percent to 120 times the mass of the sun, but most stars have masses between 0.1 and 10 solar masses. The density of a star can be calculated based on its diameter and mass. The density ranges from about 10 g/cm (red supergiant) to 10-10 g/cm (neutron star).

What is a light year? How many light years is the diameter of the Milky Way?

The unit of length refers to the distance that light travels in a vacuum. 1 light year = 94,600 kilometers. Light reaches from the sun. It takes Earth about eight minutes. The nearest known star to the solar system is Proxima Centauri, which is 4.22 light-years away. The diameter of our galaxy, the Milky Way, is about 70,000 light-years. Assuming that a spacecraft traveling at nearly the speed of light travels from one end of the Milky Way to the other, it will take more than 100,000 years.

What is light?

This is ironic. Light is all around us and we can see because of it. But it's not easy to say exactly what it is. Light can be thought of as particles traveling through space and time that sometimes have the properties of waves. This is because light has a dual nature. If you want to describe it as a wave, imagine rows of waves in the ocean. Of course, light waves are not composed of water, but are the simultaneous propagation of electrical energy and magnetic energy in space. We call them electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic radiation. The speed of light waves in vacuum is 300,000 kilometers per second. The distance from one wave crest to the next is called the wavelength, and the number of wave crests that pass through a fixed point in one second is called the frequency of the wave.

Space knowledge

1. The concept of constellations: The whole sky is divided into 88 areas, called 88 constellations.

2. Famous constellations: Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cassiopeia, Cygnus, Lyra and Orion

3. Famous stars: Polaris, Vega, Altair, Sirius

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Lyra, Orion, Bootes, Cassiopeia, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cygnus, Aquila

The direction of the handles of the Big Dipper: spring, summer, autumn and winter correspond to southeast, northwest. In the Northern Hemisphere, the elevation angle of Polaris is equal to the local geographical latitude

4. Observe and find Polaris:

5. Starry sky: Magnitude: The smaller the magnitude, the brighter the star (6th magnitude star) It is the faintest star seen by the naked eye, and the sun is -26.7)

6. The orientation of the star chart: up north, down south, left, east, right and west

7. The orientation of the active star chart Instructions for use:

(1) According to the date and time of the stargazing day, rotate the disk to align the date line on the star chart with the time line on the panel.

(2) Lift the movable star chart above your head to align the direction on the star chart with the actual direction. The elliptical circle in the star chart represents the surrounding horizon circle, and the center of the elliptical circle is the zenith; the constellations near the circle are the constellations close to the horizon, and the constellations in the center of the hole are the constellations above the observer's head. At this time, you can refer to the star chart to find bright stars in the sky.

8. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, and do the stars rise in the east and set in the west?

Due to the rotation of the earth, the sun, moon and stars rise in the east and set in the west (except for Polaris). Stars in the sky The movement trajectory in is arc-shaped, and in the northern starry sky, the center of its movement is the North Star.

9. Are the constellations observed at different places at the same time the same? Are the constellations observed at the same place at different times the same?

No. From any place on earth, the starry sky you see changes with time. Some stars are visible all year round, and some are never visible.

The constellations visible throughout the year in Zhejiang Province are: Ursa Minor, Ursa Major, and Cassiopeia

10. Are the Big Dipper stars you see all on the same plane?

No. Different stars are at different distances from the earth, but they are too far away and appear to be on the same plane.

11. When observing from a fixed point, usually only a part of the starry sky can be seen.

North Pole: Observers at the North Pole can always only see the half of the starry sky where Polaris is, that is, the northern sky;

Antarctica: Observers at the South Pole are just the opposite, they can only see Southern starry sky.

Equator: Observers at the equator can see the entire starry sky.