200 points, who knows the enrollment requirements of karolinska institutet, Sweden?

Karolinska institutet is a famous medical school in Sweden. The school is located in Stockholm in northern Sweden. Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the largest city in China. Located at the intersection of the Baltic Sea and Lake Meralen. Covering an area of 200 square kilometers, it consists of 65,438+04 islands and two land areas, namely Houplain and Sinan Manlan. Stockholm has a history of over 700 years. Today, it has developed into not only the national political and cultural center, but also the national economic and transportation center. Its total industrial output value and total retail sales account for more than 20% of the country. It has important industries such as steel, machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, paper making, printing and food. 60% of the headquarters of major enterprises and banking companies in China are located here. Stockholm has beautiful scenery. The lakeside and coastal areas of this city are particularly beautiful. Lake Meralen has more than 400 islands, large and small, with different styles. Among the cultural relics unearthed in Huashu Island, silk fabrics from the Tang Dynasty in China were found. The old city is located in the center of the city and has a strong medieval atmosphere.

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KarolinskaInstitutet, a medical school ranked seventh in the world, is as reserved, rigorous and serious as Swedes. When the brilliant light that attracts worldwide attention is internalized as the core, just like a clenched fist, people can feel its massiness and strength.

On the outskirts of Stockholm, near the cool place of the North Pole, there is a unique calming power in high latitudes, which is especially suitable for the spiritual atmosphere needed for scientific research and in-depth thinking. An ordinary school gate, the simplest and most square red building complex, is as quiet as a mountain, and even the school name is in a corner without publicity.

No one expected that this place, which looks as simple as a factory, is the judging place and birthplace of the world-renowned Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, constantly challenging the limits of human wisdom and rolling the most cutting-edge and cutting-edge medical discoveries in the world.

A big round table called "Nobel"

I walked into the core of the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

The red building closest to the school gate is the famous Nobel Forum Building, but its simple and square appearance is inversely proportional to its fame. The building is as beautiful as all Swedish buildings, and the interior decoration is simple and fashionable, which is a typical Nordic style. In winter, we need big glass windows and a paradise to absorb sunlight. There are many green plants in heaven, giving people a feeling of vitality.

There are many photos of Nobel Prize winners in medicine in the corridor, which lead us all the way to the depths of the Nobel Prize.

When we saw the huge round table, we were amazed at its unusual size, which was estimated to be 2 meters in diameter, enough to seat more than 20 people. When we sat at the wooden round table and looked around curiously, we felt there was a circle of soft leather decoration on the table. It is said that this is a round-table meeting of the Nobel Prize jury in Karolinska to select winners, and a sense of sacredness arises spontaneously.

Imagine that 18 top medical experts, with a condescending attitude, selected "great discoverers in the field of physiology or medicine" from a large number of candidates all over the world until they finally came to the conclusion that the names of one or more scientists were recorded in the history of the Nobel Prize.

This is an altar. No one is allowed to put drinks or other sharp objects that may damage the desktop on the round table, which shows that karolinska institutet, Mr. Nobel's favorite medical school, is proud of the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

As in the early 20th century, thousands of nomination invitations were put forward by previous winners, professors or experts in the global medical field or other related fields, screened by 50 members of the Karolinska Nobel Congress, and sent to the global medical elite every September. The deadline for nominations is February of the following year, and about one in five people will get a reply. In summer, 50 members of Karolinska Medical College must bury themselves in reading a large number of evaluation articles and documents, and then hand them over to 18 members of the core jury for decision.

The whole selection process is still mysterious today. Many winners were nominated repeatedly until the final prize was won. It has been rumored that many scientists have contact with karolinska institutet outside normal channels, and the decision of a national association for the advancement of science to set up an information office in karolinska institutet is also regarded as such behavior. However, some wise observers say that blatant lobbying is unlikely to be effective or even counterproductive. Because "juries are not naive." It is not feasible for a large number of nominations about a person to flood into the jury office, because the final award does not depend on the statistics of the number of nominations.

Henriksen, president of karolinska institutet, said that Nobel Prize judging experts are committed to selecting the most outstanding medical achievements in the world fairly and objectively, because they must spare no effort to safeguard the authority of the Nobel Prize. She said that people who have won the medical prize so far come from 3/kloc-0 countries and regions, including developing countries. At present, there are more and more candidates from China, and China people will hopefully win the Nobel Prize in Medicine in the future.

Every doctor raises the school flag.

The main design of karolinska institutet's school emblem is a snake hovering on a pillar-in Greek mythology, snakes dominate human health. Therefore, every student or teacher in karolinska institutet regards improving human health as his lifelong goal.

Advocating elite education is a traditional European educational concept. Especially in the cultivation of doctoral students, karolinska institutet played the role of "parent" with an amazing and moving sense of responsibility. Every doctoral student admitted to karolinska institutet does not need to work and study to survive, and each person can get 6,543,800+0.2 million Swedish kronor (the value is slightly higher than RMB) from the tutor every year. Such a system is enough to ensure that doctoral students have no worries about food and clothing and devote themselves to study and scientific research.

Hu Lifu, associate professor of the Center for Microbiology and Tumor Biology, was born in China and immigrated to Sweden in 17. He said that he applied for about 6.5438+00000 kroner of research funds from relevant education foundations every year, of which 385000 kroner was to be given to karolinska institutet, and the rest had to "pay in full" the expenses of three doctoral students, so his life was hard. Because according to Sweden's high tax system, each doctoral student has to pay more than 240 thousand kronor, and everyone can get a net income of120 thousand kronor every year. Although Sweden has the most perfect welfare system in the world, karolinska institutet's almost harsh requirements for teachers and students are the driving force of his continuous efforts, and he works until 12 almost every night.

On the campus of karolinska institutet, unique scenery will be staged every few days-many teachers and students will automatically stop and pay attention to one or more school flags. By counting the number of school flags, we can know that several doctoral students got their doctorates that day.

This is a sacred and solemn moment. Every doctoral student in karolinska institutet is proud of it.

Or heaven or hell.

An international student who stayed in karolinska institutet for two years said: "karolinska institutet is a paradise for students with real talents and practical learning;" For those who want to get a diploma, karolinska institutet is a hell. "

Unlike some universities in western countries, karolinska institutet is not for profit, so it has always been known for its rigorous teaching. Therefore, students in karolinska institutet have strong self-study ability.

Many graduate students are international students, among which China is the largest. Last year, 125 doctoral students in China graduated from karolinska institutet, and 95% of them went to the United States and Canada. Half of them went to the United States and Canada this year, and the other half went back to work.

Karolinska institutet was founded in 18 10 with a long history. At present, there are 1300 senior researchers and teachers, 300 visiting professors, 5,500 undergraduates and 2,500 master's and doctoral students. It is unique in the distribution of departments: at present, in addition to traditional surgery, pediatrics and internal medicine, there are also social medicine, neuropsychology, public health, health and other departments closely integrated with the times. Each department has 10 to 20 professors.

According to the development of the times, karolinska institutet has adjusted the development strategies of key disciplines, and now focuses on the development of clinical epidemiology, tissue biology, medical genetics, biochemistry, stem cell biology, bacterial biology, medical statistics, medical teaching methods, cell biology, apoptosis, cell differentiation regulation and cell therapy.

As early as 1970s, karolinska institutet established contact with China, and officially launched the cooperation project with China on 1986. At present, Karolinska Medical College and Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University have carried out cooperative research on tumor, and will carry out cooperative research on immunity in Peking University. At the same time, a research institute will be established in Sichuan University to exchange personnel and courses.

Scientific research and innovation, sparks are everywhere.

The college publishes more than 4,000 papers in the world's top medical journals every year, and is at the forefront of the world in the fields of stem cells, nerve cells, epidemiology and tumor research.

Professor Cao Yihai, a Swedish Chinese who studies angiogenesis, once worked in Harvard Medical School. He compared the scientific research level of the former with that of karolinska institutet, and felt that it could not be judged simply by ranking, and different fields had their own merits. He believes that in karolinska institutet, the spark of innovative ideas may be perfectly protected and stimulated, and at the same time, we can rely on the "resultant force" from the society.

For example, the "Swedish Brain Power" project initiated by Professor Bangert of karolinska institutet has brought together the active participation of 73 research groups, including researchers from brain imaging to genetics, health care professionals and even business people, with a budget as high as 6,543.8 billion Swedish kronor, to work together to overcome neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Brain science can be said to be Sweden's strength. One sixth of the Nobel Prize winners in this field are Swedes. The new project aims to consolidate Sweden's leading position in the field of neurological research in the world.

The medical information database covers the whole people.

Imagine that the medical information of 9 million Swedes has been continuously recorded in a huge database in real time for half a century, which is the basis of medical research such as epidemiology. It is karolinska institutet who undertakes this important task.

In addition, Karolinska Medical College undertakes 43% of medical research tasks in Sweden, two thirds of which are carried out in clinical environment.

As a high welfare country, the most striking feature of Sweden is free medical care. The national health care service system covers the whole people and is inseparable from hospitals. Since 1947, the medical number and ID number of Swedish citizens have been unified; At the same time, they have a tradition of actively participating in clinical trials. Karolinska Medical College may establish the largest and most complete national medical information database in the world.

Karolinska institutet, backed by such complete medical information, has made unremitting long-term follow-up research on people in the fields of epidemic diseases, cancer and genetics. 65438-0958 started cancer research, and regularly updated special case records. 1965, implement the cause of death record.

Genetics is also an area of interest to karolinska institutet, the most famous of which is the record of twins and multiple births. The Swedish twin record, which started at 1960, is the largest twin database in the world, and relevant information of each Swedish twin can be found in the database. As they get older, each pair of twins has to go through a series of clinical examinations and record information, such as their medical records and cancer records.