Analysis on the real questions and answers of national civil servants' application in 2005

Analysis on the real questions and answers of national civil servants' application in 2005

I. Matters needing attention

1. The essay examination is a test of candidates' reading comprehension, comprehensive analysis, problem solving and writing expression.

2. Reference time limit: 40 minutes for reading materials and 1 10 minutes for answering questions.

3. Read the information given carefully and answer according to the "application requirements" put forward later.

Second, the given information

1. alleviating and eliminating poverty remains a long-term historical task for China in the future. In order to solve the poverty problem that still exists in certain areas to a certain extent, China held the Central Poverty Alleviation and Development Work Conference in May 20001year, and made overall arrangements for the poverty alleviation and development work in rural areas of China 2 1 century ago. After this meeting, China officially promulgated the Outline of Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development in China (200 1-20 10), and put forward the objectives, tasks, guiding ideology and policies of rural poverty alleviation and development in China in the future 10.

2. After more than 20 years' efforts, the poverty-stricken population in China has basically solved the problem of food and clothing, the production and living conditions in poverty-stricken areas have been greatly improved, the ability to resist natural disasters has been significantly enhanced, and they have certain development capabilities; In the past practice of poverty alleviation and development, many successful experiences have been created and accumulated, and some effective practices have been explored. All these will help poverty alleviation and development to a new level in the future. Practice has proved that economic growth is the key to solving the poverty problem. According to estimates, the elasticity coefficients of support for the rural poor and economic growth in China in 1990s were -0 and 8 respectively, that is, for every percentage point increase in GDP, the rural poor decreased by 0.8 percentage points. Stable economic growth will expand the demand for labor force, which is beneficial to the employment of labor force in poor areas. At the same time, with the continuous enhancement of comprehensive national strength, the state can invest more power to promote the development and construction of poor areas and provide a solid material foundation for the development of poor areas.

3. Shaanxi is an underdeveloped province with a large poverty area, a large number of poor people and a deep poverty level. In 200 1 year, the poverty-stricken population in the province was 8 1.7 million, accounting for 91%of the national poverty-stricken population; Among them, 3.82 million people have insufficient food and clothing and 4.35 million people have low incomes. Fifty counties in the province have been designated as national key poverty alleviation and development counties, 27 counties as provincial key poverty alleviation and development counties, and 10700 administrative villages as key poverty alleviation and development villages. In 2002-2003, with the goal of solving the problem of food and clothing for the poor and increasing their income, Shaanxi Province promoted the whole village and comprehensively carried out immigration, credit, science and technology, foreign investment and social poverty alleviation. By the end of 2003, the per capita grain in poverty-stricken areas in Shaanxi reached 368 kg; The per capita net income reached 1580 yuan, increasing by 17 and 9% compared with 2000. From 200/kloc-0 to 2003, Shaanxi province * * * solved the food and clothing problem of/kloc-0.09 million rural poor people and helped/kloc-0.6/kloc-0.09 million low-income people get rid of poverty.

4. Market economy is a competitive economy, which requires the equal status and autonomy of market participants. When farmers in China compete with powerful market participants, the disadvantages are obvious. At the same time, farmers' autonomy in production is often interfered, and some township governments often force farmers to plant mandatory crops under the banner of high-speed agricultural structure. When farming is unprofitable or even at a loss, farmers have no autonomy to fallow, and some township governments levy "fallow fees" on those farmers who voluntarily fallow. In fact, even if farmers have equal market dominant position, the extremely dispersed small-scale peasant economy will inevitably go bankrupt and decline in the competition of market economy.

5. The all-round development of farmers can not be separated from the reconstruction of township system. A foreign scholar pointed out, "among all kinds of autonomy, township autonomy is the most difficult to achieve and the most vulnerable to infringement." In order to carry out effective defense, township governments must fully develop themselves. "The success or failure of the township system reform in China and the degree of farmers' free development depend on the design and innovation of the national macro system. From the national macro level, it is necessary to coordinate urban and rural development, change the dual structure of urban and rural areas as soon as possible, and generally implement free compulsory education. At present, some places have carried out experiments of township system reform, which shows that China is further realizing the transformation from planned economy to market economy, from traditional rule of man to modern rule of law, from simple pursuit of economic growth to coordinated development of politics, economy and society.

6. We should concentrate our efforts and continue to focus on helping the poor to develop special breeding projects. Relying on scientific and technological progress, optimize varieties, improve quality and increase efficiency. In line with the principle of improving the ecological environment, strengthen the protection and construction of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development. Market-oriented, correctly select products and projects, and do a good job in information service, technical service and sales service. Actively promote agricultural industrialization. According to the development direction and requirements of industrialization, the production of agricultural products with resource advantages and market demand will be planned and constructed in a contiguous way to form a distinctive regional leading industry. Guide and encourage large and medium-sized agricultural products processing enterprises with market development ability to establish raw material production bases in poor areas, provide a series of services for poor farmers before, during and after delivery, and form an industrialized operation integrating trade, industry, agriculture, production, supply and marketing. Increase financial poverty alleviation funds and poverty alleviation loans. Improve the basic production and living conditions in poor areas. We will strengthen the construction of basic farmland, infrastructure, environmental transformation and public service facilities in poor towns and villages. By 20 10, the problem of drinking water for people and livestock will be basically solved in poverty-stricken areas supported by the state, and most administrative villages will realize electricity, access, postal services, telephone services and radio and television services; Ensure that most poor townships have health centers and poor villages have clinics, and basically control major endemic diseases that affect people's lives and production in poor areas.

7. Encourage economic organizations of various ownership systems to participate in poverty alleviation and development. In addition to the government's use of resources to help the poor, the state will further mobilize all sectors of society to participate in poverty alleviation and increase social resources for poverty alleviation. According to the poverty alleviation and development plan, we will continue to do a good job in cooperation between the developed eastern coastal areas and the poor western areas, further expand the scale of cooperation and increase assistance. Encourage farmers to develop ecological agriculture and environmental protection agriculture. Change the people's concept of fertility in poverty-stricken areas, actively advocate the implementation of family planning by farmers in poverty-stricken areas, and combine poverty alleviation and development with family planning. Carry out international exchanges and cooperation in the field of poverty alleviation. In the field of poverty alleviation, the cooperation between the World Bank and China is the earliest and the investment scale is large. At present, the World Bank and China have launched three poverty alleviation loan projects in Southwest China, Qinba and Huaxi, with a total aid scale of 6 1 billion US dollars, covering 9 provinces, 9/kloc-0 poverty-stricken counties and more than 8 million poor people. Some countries, international organizations and non-governmental organizations have also cooperated extensively with China in the field of poverty alleviation. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has carried out some poverty alleviation, development and research projects in China. The European Union, the British government, the Dutch government, the Japanese government, the German Technical Cooperation Corporation, the Asian Development Bank and the Ford Foundation have also launched poverty alleviation and development projects in China, and achieved good results.

8. Because farmers have no institutionalized channels to express their rights and interests, and they also lack effective judicial relief, the overwhelmed and oppressed farmers can only choose to petition by leaps and bounds; Once farmers petition successfully, the specific responsible persons at the county and village levels may suffer heavy losses such as losing their jobs. In this context, it is particularly prominent to retaliate against the peasant representatives who petitioned. In order to prevent farmers whose rights and interests have been damaged from "using legal weapons" to sue in the court, some grass-roots regimes explicitly require the court not to file a case in terms of farmers' burden, family planning and comprehensive management of social security. In this way, the courts that guarantee "the fairness and justice of the whole society" have closed the door to the victims who need judicial relief most, resulting in the phenomenon of farmers petitioning all over the country.

9. When talking about farmers' rights in China, a foreign scholar recalled the protection of black rights in the United States. Before the American Civil War, the law stipulated that blacks could not enjoy the same rights as whites. After the Civil War, even if the law was amended, it was equal in form, but for more than 100 years, black Americans did not actually enjoy equal rights. It took a lot of time to solve the equality problem of African Americans, and many people and professional groups participated in this process. For example, in education, blacks and whites could not go to the same school before, but later appealed to the court. The court ruled that blacks and whites should go to the same school and should not establish a separate education system for whites and blacks. Even if the court makes such a ruling, it is very difficult to implement it. Fifty years later, although this ruling has been realized, there are still problems.

10, China farmers' contribution to national economic development is twofold. The vast number of migrant workers have made contributions to their cities and provided strong economic support for promoting social development. At the same time, the value created by these migrant workers has also been brought back to their hometown, giving strong support to the economic development of their hometown. Therefore, in economically underdeveloped areas, the term "labor economy" was put forward, and the exclusive use of rural surplus labor promoted the local economic development. Take Xinyang City, Henan Province as an example. Its migrant population is 6.5438+0.8 million, of which the migrant population is 6.5438+0.47 million. In the last year or two, I have been writing every year. According to incomplete statistics, 6.4 billion yuan has been brought back to my hometown. Xinyang municipal fiscal revenue is only 1 1 billion, and the value created by migrant workers is equivalent to 6 times. Sichuan is the largest labor export province in China. Every year, more than 8 million people look for jobs in different places, and the money sent back to their hometown through the post office is about 20 billion yuan each year.

1 1, Xinyang migrant workers are concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. In these three economic circles, migrant workers in Xinyang have made great contributions. On the other hand, migrant workers in Xinyang, Henan Province have solved the employment of 6.5438+0.47 million people, which has eased the pressure on the government! In the new century and new stage, migrant workers should be given legal economic and social status, including political status, as new members of the working class in accordance with the laws of socialist market economy.

12, a scholar pointed out that the problem of migrant workers is a big problem in China. In the past, Mao Zedong said that farmers are the fundamental problem of the China revolution. In fact, the problem of farmers is still the fundamental problem in the construction of China today. He believes that promoting urban economic development and communicating urban and rural trade are all done by migrant workers, and many criminal activities are also done by migrant workers. One reason for this situation is that the rights of migrant workers are not guaranteed. He also believes that the role of migrant workers is very significant. First of all, as the main force of emancipating farmers' minds, they brought many ideas and ideas from cities to rural areas, to their parents and to their brothers and sisters, which broadened farmers' horizons and made them know their position and weaknesses. At the same time, they are the main force leading the peasants to a well-off society. They not only prospered the urban economy, but also the rural economy, introduced some basic technologies and brought more brothers and sisters to the city.

13 In 2003, the large-scale audit of poverty alleviation funds by the National Audit Office was due to a survey of poverty alleviation funds in Xinjiang. On June 5438+ 10, 2002, the Supervision Department of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Poverty Alleviation Office, Planning Commission, Finance Department, Audit Office and Agricultural Bank of China Autonomous Region Branch jointly formed a poverty alleviation fund inspection team to inspect the management and use of work-for-work funds and financial poverty alleviation funds in eight counties including Hotan, Kashgar, Zhou Ke and Aksu. 1998 to 2000, the rectification of violations of discipline and discipline found in three audits of the use of poverty alleviation funds and aid funds in Shandong Province was inspected. The results show that the problem of illegal misappropriation of poverty alleviation funds is outstanding, and the project approval plan is changed, and the poverty alleviation projects and the use of funds are changed at will. In addition, there are still problems such as crowding out poverty alleviation funds and unclear accounts. According to incomplete statistics, 8 counties 1 city, 200 1 year ago, more than 30 million yuan of poverty alleviation discount loans were misappropriated, and only 30% can be recovered at present.

Third, the application requirements

The data given by the reviewer (1) mentioned the misappropriation of poverty alleviation funds. The following are five A-E measures to solve this problem, which are incorrect? Please write down the serial numbers of these items and explain why they are incorrect. Do not describe more than 200 words. (20 points)

First, increase financial input at the county and township levels. In recent years, with the merger of villages and towns and the reform of rural taxes and fees, the fiscal revenue of counties and towns has decreased year by year. Only by increasing the financial input at the county and township levels can the problem of poverty alleviation funds being misappropriated be solved.

B, increase the supervision and inspection of the use of special funds for poverty alleviation. Supervision must run through the whole process of fund allocation and use. It is necessary to conduct comprehensive supervision before, during and after the event to solve the problem of misappropriation of poverty alleviation funds.

C, poverty alleviation departments should strictly fulfill the project approval procedures. If there is an incident of setting up a fake project or falsely reporting project investment to obtain poverty alleviation funds, the poverty alleviation department should bear legal responsibility.

D. Multi-department joint supervision and inspection must be carried out on the management and use of poverty alleviation funds, and the supervision and management of poverty alleviation funds must belong to discipline inspection departments at all levels to prevent poverty alleviation funds from being misappropriated.

E, the implementation of unified management of poverty alleviation funds, not "who fight for funds who use". The closed allocation of funds will make some funds directly arranged in departments or projects out of financial supervision and management.

Scoring assessor (2) summarizes the basic principles and policies of poverty alleviation and development in rural areas in China in recent years according to the given information. Summary text should be concise and to the point, no more than 200 words. (25 points)

(Blank omitted)

Scoring reviewer (3) 1. The data given lists various viewpoints to solve the problems of rural farmers in China. It reflects two different ideas. Please describe them briefly. Short words should be concise and to the point, not exceeding 150 words. (20 points)

Scorer 2. Please write an article of 800- 1000 words entitled "Comment on Two Ways to Solve the Problems of Rural Farmers in China". It requires clear viewpoints, concrete analysis, clear organization and fluent language. (35 points)

Reference answer

First, the analysis of viewpoint training

Now, the Internet has become a new way to spread pornographic content and an important inducement to cause juvenile sexual crimes. Resolutely eradicating the online red light district and creating a pure network environment for young people have become the top priority of the government. However, due to the diversity and complexity of pornographic websites, it is necessary to mobilize all forces to rectify pornographic websites. Use various forms of means.

Second, the countermeasure analysis

(1) Strengthen website supervision, implement the reward system for reporting, and resolutely close unhealthy websites.

(2) Strengthen the management of social Internet cafes and clean up unqualified Internet cafes.

(3) Organize scientific research and development of anti-pornography software.

(4) Clean up the bad services in the telecommunications field.

(5) Strengthen sexual health education for minors.

Third, refer to the article and resolutely eradicate the "red light district" on the Internet.

With the rapid development of the Internet in China, in recent years, the Internet has become a new breeding ground for pornographic activities in China. Resolutely eradicating the online "red light district" and giving people a healthy and beneficial cyberspace has become an important task for all relevant government departments.

Using the Internet to spread pornographic information and engage in pornographic activities is a major feature of current pornographic activities. Some websites not only provide a large number of pornographic pictures, videos, movies and texts, but also openly engage in online "sexual communication" and "video sex". Some websites also openly recruit prostitutes online, abetting and luring netizens to engage in pornographic activities, and make a fortune by making and selling pornographic information.

Facing more than 80 million netizens, especially 70% of them are teenagers under the age of 30, the proliferation of online pornographic information harms thousands of households, future generations, and directly harms the vital interests of the people, which has become a new social public hazard. According to statistics, the website of "Illegal and Bad Information Reporting Center" has only been opened for 20 days, and more than 0,000 people have reported it from1.65,438+0,000, of which 95% reported online pornographic activities, involving more than 240 pornographic websites.

The increase of pornographic websites and the proliferation of online pornographic activities have corrupted the social atmosphere, polluted the social environment, poisoned people's thoughts and dispersed the national spirit, which are incompatible with and run counter to the strengthening of socialist spiritual civilization. What is particularly serious is that these pornographic information and activities are extremely harmful to the physical and mental health of teenagers. Some teenagers are addicted to online pornographic information, some don't study, some don't go to school, neglect their studies, neglect their youth, and some even get caught up in it, and finally embark on the road of illegal crimes.

Network can't be a "management vacuum"! In the face of the strong reaction of the people, the government must not sit idly by. It must resolutely eradicate the "cancer" of online pornography with a responsible attitude towards the party, the country and the people.

Internet pornography is a new type of illegal and criminal activity. To eradicate this illegal and criminal activity, we should focus on the key points, comprehensively use the knowledge of law, computer and Internet, master the characteristics and laws of this kind of crime, improve the level of handling cases, resolutely investigate and deal with a number of major and important cases, severely punish a number of criminals and illegal units according to law, resolutely destroy a number of pornographic websites, and eradicate their survival foundation.

Combating online pornography involves a wide range, and all departments need to work together to form a strong joint force. All relevant departments and units should strengthen supervision, law enforcement and judicature, earnestly assume their respective responsibilities with the attitude of "who is in charge, who is responsible", and at the same time strengthen communication, act in unison and coordinate their actions, so as not to leave any dead ends for pornographic information on the Internet. We should fully mobilize and stimulate the enthusiasm of the broad masses of the people, and strive to form a social atmosphere in which the whole people resist online pornography. To crack down on online pornography, we should also explore the establishment of a long-term mechanism to effectively prevent and crack down on illegal and criminal activities in view of the outstanding problems and weak links in Internet management. At the same time, we should further strengthen the construction of network culture, vigorously carry out civilized and healthy network cultural services, make the network pornographic content lose its living space, and promote the healthy development of the Internet.