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Nordic mythology

Nordic mythology originated from the worship of the sun and the generative ability of nature, which is a unique myth system in Scandinavia. Its formation time is relatively later than other major myth systems in the world. The oral spread history of Nordic mythology can be traced back to the 1st-2nd century A.D., which was first popular in Norway, Denmark and Sweden, and then spread to Iceland and other places with a group of immigrants going north around the 7th century A.D..

In the Middle Ages, Christianity prevailed all over Europe. Because of its strong political attack, most of the works that recorded Nordic myths were regarded as heresy and burned to the fire. Up to now, the Icelandic epic Eda and the Germanic epic Song of Nibelungen are relatively intact.

Nordic mythology is a polytheistic system, which can be roughly divided into four systems: giants, gods, elves and dwarfs.

Among them, giants created the world and gave birth to gods, but they are also the greatest enemies of the gods, which can be understood as personalized natural forces.

The gods are divided into two tribes, the asir tribe headed by Odin, the Lord God, and the Vanier tribe headed by Niold, the god of the sea, among which there are twelve main gods.

Elves and gnomes belong to demigods, and they serve the gods. Their specific origins are still vague, and they belong to a special creation in Germanic region.

There are many very special parts in Nordic mythology, such as human creation, in which women were first created, and the material of creation was not the soil shown in most myths, but a branch.

A prominent feature of Ling is its geographical location. As Scandinavia is located in the extreme north, it is cold all year round, so the frost giant occupies a high position in mythology, which often makes the gods feel headache.

Secondly, the views on extinction and rebirth have the greatest influence. Unlike other mythological systems, the gods in Nordic mythology are not perfect, and they will face the fate of extinction. For example, Odin sacrificed his left eye to gain knowledge, and kuya was hanged from a tree, and only after suffering trauma did he get a pike symbolizing his strength.

On the other hand, Nordic mythology believes that when everything dies, new life will be formed again, and everything in the world is circular.

Nordic mythology has been forgotten for a long time. Descendants of ancient Nordic people abandoned this treasure for centuries.

Nordic mythology first spread in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Iceland, even in North America and Greenland. It was created by Scandinavian people (the ancestors of the vikings), one of the Germanic peoples. Later, the Roman Empire collapsed, and the Scandinavians took the opportunity to develop (invade) other parts of Europe. The term "Viking" (meaning people living in bays and harbors) began at this time.

The descendants of heroes in Nordic mythology are the Germanic peoples in Scandinavia Peninsula and the Northeast Lowlands of Germany.

They were born in a desolate and oppressive natural environment, and developed a brave and tough personality.

Wandering, fighting and hunting are their daily lifestyles. They often go on expeditions to other countries under the leadership of bold and enterprising leaders, and win status and wealth from foreign countries that they do not have at home.

the original culture of these victorious countries may not be superior to the countries they conquered, and weapons and equipment may not be superior to each other.

But they have the adventurous spirit without fear and the courage to die, which is the reason why the Germanic people can invade the whole of Europe.

These fearless Germanic warriors gradually expanded the scope of their expeditions.

In 4 AD, they were bordered by the Rhine and Danube, and were adjacent to the Roman Empire.

When the Roman state declined, they constantly invaded the territory of the Roman Empire.

by the middle of the fifth century, the Germanic nationalities were oppressed by the Fen nationality (that is, the northern Xiongnu who was defeated by the Han Empire and moved westward) from east to west, which led to a raging national migration.

This is what the Germans call the heroic age, and most of the heroes in Nordic legends are heroes of this era.

As a result of this great migration, the Germans invaded Russia in the east, the French coast and Britten Island in the west, Spain, Italy Peninsula, Sicily and North Africa in the south, and even left their footprints as far away as Greenland and some American continents.

The Nordic myth that has been passed down to this day is the product of this nation.

From the 8th century to the 11th century, the Vikings were the most terrible pirates in Europe, even rivaling the national army. Even when they landed, they were the strongest warriors at that time. At that time, it was the dark period in Europe. Because they often went out to fight and were influenced by Christianity, writing and art, the Vikings began to have prayers, complex sacrifices, exquisite sculptures and poetry works, which is a Nordic myth.

However, the records of myths no longer exist in today's Germanic countries.

Instead, it was preserved in Iceland, an island full of volcanoes and glaciers in the North Sea.

The Germanic gods were completely forgotten by the Germanic people, and the most important reason was the contact with the Roman Empire and the assimilation of Christianity through contact.

Coupled with natural and man-made disasters, especially the Thirty Years' War of 1618-1648, the Germanic culture was incomplete and abandoned, and the legends of heroes fell into the abyss of oblivion, which was sealed in the long river of history.

After the 13th century, the Vikings were weak, the influence of European churches increased greatly, Nordic myths began to be lost and banned in all parts of Europe, and the Vikings were forced to convert to Christianity and Catholicism, leaving only Iceland in the form of poems and essays.

These minstrels are called "Scard". They were originally descendants of the lost Viking aristocrats, with a high level of knowledge. They can freely use all kinds of complex similes and metaphors to record and create stories of Nordic myths and heroes, and they are growing with time. Some scholars say that the reason why Nordic myths give people such sad feelings, but they feel strange and heroic, can be said to be their masterpieces, because they were originally lost aristocrats who fled here.