What are the types of local pig breeds in China? What are their characteristics?

According to their physical appearance, production performance, local agricultural production, natural conditions and social factors such as migration, China local pig breeds can be roughly divided into six types: North China, South China, Central China, Jianghai, Southwest China and Plateau.

(1) Pig breeds are the most widely distributed in North China, mainly in the north of Huaihe River and Qinling Mountains. Including Northeast China, North China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Ningxia, as well as the northern regions of Shaanxi, Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, Xining City in Qinghai and a small part of Guangyuan County in Sichuan.

The coat color of North China pigs is mostly black, with occasional white spots at the end. Big body, thick limbs; The head is straight, the mouth tube is long, the ears are drooping, and there are many longitudinal lines between the forehead; Thick wrinkled skin, thick hair and well-developed mane, which can be as long as10 cm; Thick fluff in winter, strong cold resistance; There are about 8 pairs of nipples, and the litter size is generally above 12. Strong maternity, good lactation performance and high reproductive rate of piglets. Resistant to rough feeding and strong digestion. Such as Fujian pig, Bamei pig, Huanghuaihai black pig, etc.

(2) Pig breeds in South China are distributed in the southwest and south edge of Yunnan Province, most areas south of Guangxi and Guangdong, the southeast corner of Fujian and all areas of Taiwan Province Province in China.

The coat color of South China pigs is mostly black and white, the head and buttocks are mostly black, and the abdomen is mostly white. Short stature, plump figure, broad and sunken back, large and drooping abdomen, thin skin and thin hair, small upright ears or horizontally extending to both sides; Early sexual maturity, 5 ~ 7 pairs of nipples, few litters, 6 ~10 per litter; Too much fat. For example, Guangdong and Guangxi small-flowered pigs, southern Yunnan small-eared pigs, fragrant pigs and so on.

(3) Pig breeds in Central China are mainly distributed in Daba Mountain and the east of Wuling Mountain between the south bank of the Yangtze River and the Tropic of Cancer, which are roughly consistent with those in Central China.

Huazhong pig is bigger than South China pig, but its body shape is similar to South China pig. The coat color is mainly black and white flowers, the head and tail are mostly black, and there are black spots of different sizes in the middle of the body, and some are all black. Huazhong pig has loose constitution, thin bones, wide back and many depressions; 6 ~ 7 pairs of nipples, each litter produces10 ~13; Fresh and tender meat, such as Jinhua pig, big gray pig and Huazhong double-headed black pig.

(4) River-sea pig breeds are mainly distributed in Hanshui River Basin, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southeast coastal areas.

The coat color of Jianghai pig breeds gradually changed from all black to black and white flowers from north to south, and some pig breeds were all white. Thick bones, thick and loose skin and drooping ears. The fecundity is high, with more than 8 pairs of nipples, and the litter size is more than 13, and the highest is more than 15; More fat, less lean meat. Such as Taihu pig, Jiang Quhai pig, Hongqiao pig and so on.

(5) Southwest pig breeds are mainly distributed in most areas of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Sichuan Basin, as well as in western Hunan and Hubei.

The coat color of southwest pig breeds is mostly all black and a considerable number of black and white flowers ("six white" or incomplete "six white", etc.). ), but there are also a few red-haired pigs. The head is big, the legs are thick and short, and there are many spinning hairs or longitudinal wrinkles on the forehead; The litter size is generally 8 ~10; The slaughter rate is low and the fat is high. Such as Neijiang pig, Rongchang pig and Wujin pig.

(6) Plateau pig breeds are mainly distributed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The coat is mostly black, and a few are black and white. The head is long and narrow, the mouth is straight and sharp, the canine teeth are developed, the ears are small and upright, the body is compact, the limbs are solid, and it looks like a wild boar; 5 ~ 6 nests per nest; Slow growth, more lean meat in the carcass; The back hair is thick and long, and the fluff is dense, which adapts to the cold climate. Tibetan pigs are typical representatives.