What dangers do astronauts experience when riding a rocket to space?

There is an article online: "What are the ten most terrifying dangers for astronauts in space?" 》

The excerpt is as follows:

Based on real space science, British astrobiologist Dr. Lewis Dartnell listed 10 of the most bizarre and terrifying "space phenomena" "Method of Death" makes us aware of the unusual dangers of astronauts' work.

1. Burned alive by the strange flames in zero gravity

In a space environment without gravity, the burning characteristics of the flames will be completely different from those on the earth. Because the hot air does not rise, and due to the lack of convection, fresh oxygen is not immediately attracted to replenish it. So once you encounter a fire in space, you will never see the tongue-like burning flames that are common on Earth, but will only see smoldering, confusing "still" flames, but they will also quickly spread to many places. "Silent burning" on combustible equipment. The space capsule is quickly filled with toxic air. In the event of a space fire, astronauts with no way to escape may be suffocated to death by the poisonous gas, or may be burned alive by this strange flame in zero gravity.

2. Floating in space forever

For any astronaut, "spacewalk" is a very dangerous task. If the astronaut's hands suddenly hit the spacecraft If the hull loses "control" or the "magnetic boots" fail, causing the astronaut's body to float into space involuntarily, the astronaut can only hope that there is still a safety rope tied to his body.

If there is no safety rope attached to the body, since there is no air resistance or gravity in space to pull the astronaut back to the spacecraft, the astronaut's body will continue to drift into the vast space at a constant rate. Unable to save himself, he could only wait for the oxygen carried in his spacesuit to gradually deplete and death to come.

3. Being killed slowly and painfully by cosmic rays

In outer space without the protection of the earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field, cosmic rays are one of the most dangerous threats to the human body. one. Cosmic rays are high-energy subatomic particles produced by solar particle explosions or the explosion of stars in the Milky Way. These cosmic rays are extremely lethal to human cells. If astronauts are exposed to cosmic rays, they will cause cancer to acute radiation sickness. various diseases within.

When the "Apollo" astronauts landed on the moon, they only wore a thin metal spacesuit. They were very lucky, because there happened to be no solar particle explosions during that time. If they had Encountering fatal cosmic rays during the moon landing, they will develop uncontrollable vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms a few days later, and slowly die in the small spacecraft.

4. Sudden "decompression" in space

A sudden rupture of the spacecraft or spacesuit causing rapid "decompression" will be one of the biggest dangers astronauts may face. . Sudden exposure to a vacuum environment will cause fluids in the eyes and tongue to "evaporate" rapidly. Lack of oxygen will cause the human body to lose consciousness within 10 seconds and die after one to two minutes.

But if they can be rescued in a pressurized cabin in time, the probability of survival is still very high. In fact, the biggest enemy when you suddenly encounter a "loss of pressure" in space is the gas in your lungs. They will explode explosively in your body. Therefore, when you suddenly face a loss of pressure, the best way to protect yourself is to scream loudly to empty it. Gas in the lungs. Human skin is the best natural pressurized suit. Although the human body will swell to twice its normal size after experiencing a loss of pressure in space, you will not explode and your blood will not boil because the elasticity of the blood vessels will Make sure the blood gets enough pressure to prevent it from "boiling" at body temperature, although some capillaries on the surface of the body will rupture and the eyes will become bloodshot.

In fact, so far, only three astronauts from the Communist Party of China have died in the space environment, and they all died due to sudden decompression accidents on the former Soviet Union's "Soyuz 11" spacecraft. * Difficult. Therefore, whether it is due to equipment failure or the impact of mini meteoroids, loss of pressure in space will be one of the most serious dangers that astronauts face.

5. Being torn into "spaghetti" by a black hole

The probability of an astronaut encountering a black hole in space is very small. This section is not recorded.

6. Being "frozen into popsicles" in space

In some science fiction novels, the destruction and rupture of a spaceship caused astronauts to be frozen into "popsicles" in the cold space. It has always been a quite popular artistic imagination. However, in fact, being "frozen to death" in space is still the least of astronauts' worries.

7. Most people die from "lesions" caused by infection with alien bacteria

There is no basis for this.

8. "Anchored" on other stars and starved to death

If an astronaut pilots a spacecraft and lands on another planet, and the spacecraft engine suddenly stalls" "Anchor", then you will be trapped on this planet forever and will never be able to return to Earth.

It is reported that before the "Apollo 11" spacecraft carried Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to the moon, the then US President Nixon had already prepared a "landing document" for them. "Moon Eulogy", in case the lunar module malfunctioned and the lunar landing astronauts were stranded on the moon and could not return, Nixon could use this "emergency eulogy" to deliver a condolence speech.

In fact, Nixon's worries were by no means groundless. If the lunar module engine failed, Armstrong and Aldrin would be left on the moon forever, and Michael Collins, who was in the lunar orbit command module, would have no choice but to return alone. Earth.

9. Being murdered by other astronauts

During long-term space travel, it is not completely impossible for an astronaut to be murdered by other astronaut colleagues. . Scientific research has found that spacecraft are cramped, lacking personal space, and psychologically stressful environments. In a long-term confined environment, the relationship between astronauts is likely to deteriorate, leading to an obvious crisis in space. After all, when astronauts are depressed, they cannot get out of their homes and breathe fresh air like they can on Earth.

10. Killed by aliens with laser guns

What is this? neglect!

The ones with reference value are Articles 1-4. Everything else is unreliable.

In human’s manned space activities, there have been five very serious accidents. From this we can see the dangers that astronauts go through when going to space on a rocket.

1. "Soyuz 1" crash accident

On April 24, 1967, former Soviet astronaut Vladimir Komarov drove the "Soyuz 1" spacecraft The spacecraft returned from space, but when it landed 10 kilometers above the ground, the deceleration parachute ropes became entangled and could not be opened due to the spin caused by the loss of control of the spacecraft. At 6:24 on April 24, the "Soyuz 1" return capsule hit the ground at a speed of 500 kilometers per hour, and the propeller fuel ignited a fire. Komarov became the first spacecraft to die in flight. *Born astronaut.

2. "Apollo 4A" ground test caught fire

On January 27, 1967, at Launch Site 34 of the Kennedy Space Center in the United States, the "Apollo 4A" with three astronauts on board The Luo 4A spacecraft is undergoing a joint ground simulation flight test of a manned spacecraft. When the final countdown was reached, the program was suddenly interrupted. The spacecraft command cabin caught fire due to a short circuit of wires and an electric spark igniting the plastic products in the cabin. The Apollo spacecraft used a pure oxygen solution with 1/3 atmospheric pressure. Some plastic products that were originally fire-resistant in normal air became flammable in pure oxygen. In addition, the hatch opening time is designed to be 90 seconds. When a fire occurs, a negative pressure is formed inside the ship. No matter whether it is outside or inside, the hatch cannot be opened in a short period of time. The three astronauts were killed in just a few dozen seconds. *Burn* to death.

3. "Challenger" exploded at launch

On January 28, 1986, the U.S. space shuttle "Challenger" was launched as scheduled. 58 seconds after launch, a small beam of sparks erupted from the section of the right solid rocket booster that was supposed to be protected by an O-ring seal. Under the reverse action of the scouring air pressure, the sparks ignited the main fuel tank. Seconds later, the Challenger was reduced to ashes.

4. "Soyuz 11" air leak

On June 30, 1971, three former Soviet astronauts left the "Salyut 1" space station and boarded the "Soyuz 11" spacecraft Returned to Earth, but because the spacecraft design was too narrow, none of the three people could wear spacesuits. At 1:35 on June 30, the spacecraft started the braking rocket according to the procedure. Before entering the atmosphere, the return capsule and the orbital module separated. However, the pressure valve of the return capsule was blown open, and the sealing performance was destroyed. The air in the return capsule leaked from there, and the cabin was rapidly decompressed, causing the astronauts to suffer from acute hypoxia. , body fluids boil and die.

5. "Columbia" disintegrated in the air

On February 1, 2003, the U.S. space shuttle "Columbia" re-entered the atmosphere, but near San Francisco, the space shuttle encountered anomalies. , the temperature sensor in the left wing hydraulic system failed. Minutes later, the space agency lost contact with Columbia... Witnesses in Texas looked at the early morning sky and already knew why Columbia was unable to respond.

After investigation, the technical cause of the Columbia accident was that 81.7 seconds after the launch of the space shuttle, a piece of foam material that fell off the surface of the external fuel tank hit the thermal protection of the leading edge of the left wing of the space shuttle. system, forming a hole. When the space shuttle re-entered the atmosphere, ultra-high-temperature gas entered the Columbia body from the hole, causing the space shuttle to disintegrate.