What other city-states were there in ancient Greece? Name one and explain its characteristics.

The city-states of ancient Greece from the 8th century BC to the 4th century BC. At that time, hundreds of city-states coexisted and many city-state alliances appeared. Among the most powerful city-states in ancient Greece, Athens was the first and Sparta was the second. The so-called polis is a country with the city as the center and towns and villages around it.

Corinth

A city-state occupied by slaves in ancient Greece. Located at the southwest end of the isthmus of Corinth, it is in the middle of the main road between Greece and Peloponnesus. There are ports in Corinth Bay and Saronicos Bay, and the sea traffic is very convenient. It has been inhabited since 3000 BC, and the city of Corinth has existed since the Mycenae civilization (about 65438 BC+the first half of the 6th century BC-65438 BC+the 2nd century BC). It was conquered by Dorians at the end of the second millennium BC.

From the 8th century BC to the 6th century BC, Corinth had not only developed agriculture, but also prosperous entrepot trade. Corinth's pottery is very famous, and shipbuilding and navigation have also made great progress. Corinth successively established many colonies, such as Syracuse, Kolgura, Bo Tiddia, ambra and Kea. From the 8th century BC to the middle of the 7th century BC, Bashi Ades family held the city-state power and practiced aristocratic oligarchy. Heep Selous (reigned from about 657 BC to 627 BC) overthrew the Bashi Ades family and established a tyrant rule. During the reign of his son Perry Andel (about 627-586 BC), Corinth was prosperous. In order to facilitate the flow of goods between Corinth Bay and Saronikos Bay, a stone road connecting the two ports was built. Culture, art and architecture are very prosperous. In about 58 1 BC, the tyrant regime was overthrown and replaced by an aristocratic regime with a few rich people in power. In the late 6th century BC, Collins joined the Peloponnesian League.

In the early stage of Sino-Polish War, Collins actively participated in the campaigns of Wenquanguan, Platia, Salamis and Micale. Before and during the Peloponnesian War, the contradiction between Corinth and Athens once reached a very sharp level. But from 395 BC to 387 BC, Corinth allied with Argos, Thebes, Athens and other city-states, and with the support of Persia, fought the Corinthian War with Sparta. After 338 BC, it basically belonged to Macedonia. In BC 196, Rome defeated Macedonia and declared Corinth "independent". In BC 146, Corinth was destroyed by Rome, a large number of residents became slaves, and the city was completely destroyed. In 46 BC, G.J. Caesar was rebuilt and became the center of Achaia province under Roman rule.

Sulagu

Ancient Greek polis. Located in eastern Sicily. It was built by immigrants from Corinth in about 734 BC. In the 7th and 6th centuries BC, the nobles of Syracuse came to power and enslaved the local conquered residents. In 485 BC, Gron, a tyrant in the Greek city-state of Gera in the south of Sicily, took advantage of the discord among the residents of Syracuse to occupy Syracuse and became the tyrant of Syracuse. In 480 BC, Gron defeated the Carthaginian army near Milla, enabling Syracuse to dominate the eastern part of Sicily. His successor Herod I (reigned from 478 BC to 467 BC/466 BC) actively intervened in the struggle between some city-states in the Italian peninsula. About 466 BC, ancient Syracuse established a democratic regime, and political affairs were handled by citizens' congresses, councils and generals elected every year.

From 465,438+05 BC to 465,438+03 BC, Athens sent troops to attack Syracuse, and suffered a heavy defeat. De Onisi Oss (old) took advantage of the tension in the war with the Carthaginians to rebuild the tyrant's rule in Syracuse in 405 BC and reigned for nearly 40 years (405-367 BC). In the long struggle with Carthage, both sides have won and lost. At the beginning of the 4th century BC, Syracuse once controlled most of Sicily and many places in southern Italy. In 367 BC, the eldest son of De Onisi Oss succeeded to the throne as a tyrant, and was called De Onisi Oss Jr. (reigned from 367 BC to 354 BC, and from 354 BC to 343 BC). Since the end of 1950s BC, the internal disputes in Syracuse have continued, the national situation has been declining, and the population has decreased. Democracy was restored in 343 BC. Agathocles, a tyrant who has been in power since 3 17 BC, once led an army to fight against Carthage in Africa, once expanded to southern Italy and western Sicily, and became the king of Sicily in about 304 BC. When Hero II, the tyrant, was in power (about 270 ~ 2 BC 1 6 BC/2 BC15 BC), a group of retired Italian mercenaries forcibly boarded Messina at the northeast end of Sicily, which became the fuse of the1Punic War. In 264 BC, the Roman army entered Sicily, and Syracuse was forced to sign a treaty with Rome. His influence was limited to the southeast of Sicily, and he supported the Romans against Carthage. After the death of Herod II, Syracuse supported Carthage in the Second Punic War and was invaded by loyal opposition and Rome. It was captured by the Romans in 2 1 1 BC. Since then, Syracuse has been ruled by Rome for a long time and has become a part of Sicily.

Olipia

One of the centers of religious sacrifices and sports competitions in ancient Greece, the birthplace of the Olympic Games. Located in Ellis, northwest of Peloponnesus. Existing ancient stadiums, Zeus Temple, Hera Temple and other relics. Competitive games originated from religious festivals. It is said that the first Olympic Games was held in 776 BC and has been held every four years since then. By 393 AD, the ancient Olympic Games had been held 293 times. The last Olympic Games was held in 393, because the Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I ordered non-Christians to hold polytheistic sacrifices and competitions.

At the beginning, the only event of the sports meeting was running. The track was 2 10 meters long and 32 meters wide. Later, long jump and carriage race were added. Participants were initially limited to Dorians living in the northwest of the Peloponnesus, and developed to include all Greeks. The competition will be held in late June and early July. The initial competition period was 1 day, and it was determined to be 5 days in 472 BC. During the Games, the states stopped fighting, the businessmen who participated in the Games held daytime trading, and poets and writers competed to read their works.

With the rise of modern sports, 1888, P de Coubertin of France proposed to restore the Olympic Games. Since then, it has been held every four years and all over the world.