How about desert management in Inner Mongolia?

The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region covers an area of1183,000 square kilometers, with obvious geomorphological features. It is bounded by Daxinganling-Yinshan-Helan Mountain, with high plains in the north and hills, terraces and plains in the south. In the meantime, Badain Jilin, Tengger, Wulanbuhe, Kubuqi, Maowusu, Hunshandake, Wuzhumuqin, Bayinguoleng, Horqin and Hulunbeier, as well as the Yellow River, Haihe River (including Luanhe River) and Liaohe River (including Luanhe River) in Jilin Province have 680,000 square kilometers of natural grassland, 6,543.8+0.87 million square kilometers of forest and 6,000 square kilometers of cultivated land. For a long time, harsh climate, natural geographical conditions and unreasonable utilization have caused serious land desertification.

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is located in the northern part of the motherland, with a long and narrow terrain from east to west, spanning northeast, north and northwest regions. This special geographical position constitutes a natural ecological barrier in northern China. Party and government leaders at all levels in the autonomous region and the broad masses of cadres and the masses deeply feel that protecting and building this homeland is of far-reaching significance and great responsibility. For a long time, with the care and support of the party and the state, the people of all ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have carried forward the spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle and made unremitting efforts to build the ecological environment. Up to now, more than 3 million small watersheds have been rehabilitated in succession, covering an area of about 52,000 square kilometers (78 million mu), protecting 6.5438+0.8 million mu of cultivated land downstream, solving the drinking water problem of more than 3 million people and 6.5438+0 million livestock, and reducing river sediment discharge by about 200 million tons every year; A total of 53,000 square kilometers (80 million mu) of artificial afforestation, aerial seeding afforestation and mountain closure (sand) afforestation have been completed, and the comprehensive management area of sand land is 65,438+7,000 square kilometers (25 million mu). The forest coverage rate has increased from 7% in the early days of liberation to 14. 19%, and the grassland with farmland forest network reaching 606.56566666668 million square kilometers (6.5438+0.3 million mu) has been protected and constructed, which has greatly improved grassland productivity and supported the development of animal husbandry. The cumulative area of soil and water conservation projects, forestry ecological construction and grassland construction is about 2 1 10,000 square kilometers. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has invested more than 6 billion yuan in ecological environment construction, including about 1 1 billion yuan from the state, about10.30 billion yuan from financial resources and special funds at all levels in the autonomous region, and more than 3.6 billion yuan from the masses, with an average investment of about 30,000 yuan per square kilometer in ecological environment construction.

However, on the whole, the ecological environment in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is still deteriorating. The outstanding performance is: the desertification area of land is still expanding, the vegetation is degraded, and the biological species are decreasing. The main factors leading to the deterioration of the ecological environment are: first, natural factors such as mountains, slopes, sandstorms, strong winds, droughts, concentrated rainfall, frequent rainstorms, and second, human factors such as blind reclamation, overgrazing, insufficient investment, low construction standards, weak infrastructure and poor protection. At present, the desertified land in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region accounts for about 60% of the total land area in the region. In addition, there are some desertified lands that need to be consolidated, improved, matched and improved. These desertified lands are mainly distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Loess Plateau, Alashan, the northern part of Yinshan Mountain, Horqin Sandy Land and the vast grassland areas in the three northern sandstorm areas. There are 50 poverty-stricken counties in Inner Mongolia with more than 2 million poor people. The natural conditions are harsh, the ecological foundation is fragile, droughts and floods are frequent, the output of agricultural and livestock products is low and unstable, and the economic and social development is slow. At the same time, the reduction of urban green space, the decline of groundwater level and serious air pollution are incompatible with the sustained economic development and the improvement of people's living standards.

Second, the protection and construction planning and long-term ideas

(A) the guiding ideology

Guided by the spirit of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the goal of achieving sustainable development, based on the ecological planning of national key regions, and by means of biological measures, engineering measures and scientific management, we should adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to protection and construction, embark on the road of raising wool, intensive management and increasing benefits, mobilize all social forces, give full play to all positive factors, focus on implementing ecological projects of agriculture and animal husbandry, and take into account other projects such as urban environmental protection and nature reserve construction. On the whole, curb the deterioration of the ecological environment in our region, establish a benign ecosystem suitable for the sustainable development of the national economy, and create a good ecological environment for the economic and social development of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

(2) the principle of protection and construction

-overall planning, rational layout, highlighting key points and giving consideration to the general;

-Centralized contiguous, comprehensive management, relying on science and technology to improve quality;

-division of labor and cooperation, strengthening management and paying attention to efficiency;

-combining protection with construction, development with governance, and the state with collectives and individuals; Combining investment with labor, combining biological measures with engineering measures and farming measures, and combining ecological benefits with economic benefits and social benefits.

(3) Protect the construction objectives

In the near future: 1998 ~ 20 10, by implementing the strategy of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, we will vigorously plant trees and grass, build soil and water conservation projects, build stable and high-yield basic farmland, consolidate and improve the established desertification land control projects, strengthen the construction of nature reserves and urban infrastructure, and expand the area of nature reserves and urban green spaces; Resolutely control urban pollution and land desertification caused by human factors; The environmental pollution in Hohhot and Baotou has been basically controlled; Basically curb the deterioration of the ecological environment in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, the Loess Plateau, the northern part of Yinshan Mountain and Horqin Sandy Land. By 20 10, the coverage rate of urban green space will be increased to 35%, and the area of nature reserves will be expanded by 50,000 square kilometers (reaching 90,000 square kilometers). The newly-increased land area for desertification control is 455 million mu (35 million mu per year on average), which increases the desertification control rate in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from the current 23% to 49%. At the same time, give full play to the benefits of desertification control, establish supervision, management and forecasting institutions in key control areas, and bring ecological construction into standardized management.

The short-term construction goal is divided into three stages. The tasks of the first stage (1998-2000) are: popularizing the secondary utilization system of urban water sources and clean energy, controlling pollution sources, expanding the area of urban green space, increasing the coverage rate of urban green space to 30%, and expanding the area of nature reserves to 20,000 square kilometers; Artificial afforestation is 24 million mu, grassland construction is 63 million mu, soil and water conservation project control area is180,000 mu, and desertification control land is increased by105,000 mu, thus increasing the desertification control rate in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from the current 23% to 29%. At the same time, consolidate, improve and support some completed projects. The tasks of the second phase (200 1-2005) are: to further promote the secondary utilization system of urban water sources and clean energy, control pollution sources, expand the area of urban green space, increase the coverage rate of urban green space to 33%, and expand the area of nature reserves by 20,000 square kilometers; 40 million mu of artificial afforestation, grassland construction/kloc-0.05 million mu, soil and water conservation project control area of 30 million mu, and newly added desertification control land/kloc-0.75 million mu, which increased the desertification control rate in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 29% to 39%. At the same time, continue to consolidate, improve, support and improve the processed projects. In the third stage (20/2006-20 10/0), the control tasks are: complete the short-term objectives and tasks, basically control urban pollution, increase the coverage rate of urban green space to 35%, increase the area of nature reserves to 90,000 square kilometers, and increase the control rate of desertification land in Inner Mongolia from 39% to 49%.

Mid-term: 20 1 1 ~ 2030, and it will take another 20 years to significantly improve the ecological environment of cities and key governance areas. The coverage rate of urban green space reached 40%, the area of nature reserves accounted for 10% of the total land area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the rate of desertification control reached 70%, and the forest coverage rate increased to 27%.

Long-term: By the middle of the next century, the ecological environment in Inner Mongolia will be completely improved, and a benign ecosystem adapted to the sustainable development of the national economy will be initially established. Desertification land has basically been effectively managed, the forest coverage rate has been improved and stabilized at around 30%, and farmland and pasture have been netted, sloping farmland has been terraced and the land has been landscaped.

(4) Key points of protection and construction

1. Water and soil erosion and sandstorm control project in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Loess Plateau

The planned governance area covers 29 counties in Yikezhao League, Bayannur League, Hohhot City, Baotou City, Wuhai City, Wulanchabu League, Alashan League and other league cities, with a total land area of 270,000 square kilometers (including soil erosion area of about 6.5438+0.4 million square kilometers, accounting for 52%). ), the main goal of ecological protection construction is to reduce the amount of sediment imported into the Yellow River and reduce the harm of soil erosion to the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The construction method is mainly based on small watershed unit management, combining biological measures with engineering measures, vigorously planting trees and grass, building terraces, dams, building valley houses, water cellars and ponds, increasing surface vegetation and enhancing the functions of water interception, water storage and soil conservation. Focus on the management of Huangfuchuan, Wuding River, Kuye River, Xiliugou, Shiha River, Dahei River, Hunhe River and the upper reaches of Kundulun Reservoir. It is planned that by 20 10, 59 million mu of artificial afforestation and grass planting, aerial seeding of forest and grass, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and grass planting will be completed, 2 million mu of terraces and dams will be added, and small-scale water storage projects such as grain storage workshops, warping dams, water cellars, pond dams and gully head protection will be built1200,000 mu, with a control area of 26 million mu. 70 million mu of land will be added to control desertification, and about 654.38 billion tons of sediment will be reduced every year. Among them, in 2000, trees and grass were planted10.998 million mu, hills were closed to facilitate afforestation and grass planting10.4 million mu, 30,000 small watershed control projects were built, with a control area of 6 million mu, and sand control land was added10.7 million mu.

2. "Three North" Sandstorm Comprehensive Control Area-Alashan Sandstorm Control Project

Alashan League is located at the westernmost end of our region, adjacent to Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and bordering Mongolia, with a total area of "1 10,000 square kilometers" (including desert, desert and Gobi area175,000 square kilometers, accounting for 65% of the total land area), and the famous Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert and Wulanbu Desert are distributed here. Alashan region belongs to the desert region in the hinterland of the northern temperate continent, with little precipitation (the minimum annual precipitation is only 40 mm). Especially in recent 40 years, due to the sharp increase of water consumption in the middle reaches of Heihe River, the inflow of water in the lower reaches has been continuously reduced, lakes have dried up, groundwater level has dropped, vegetation has been seriously degraded, land desertification has intensified, and sandstorms have raged. During the period of 1993- 1996, serious sandstorms occurred for four consecutive years, and the harsh ecological environment had a serious impact on social and economic development. About 20,000 herders have lost their basic living conditions and need to be relocated.

The main objectives of ecological protection construction in this area are: solving water sources, restoring vegetation, preventing wind and fixing sand. The construction method is to comprehensively apply biological measures and engineering measures, actively carry out water exploration projects, develop underground water sources, and strive to start the water diversion project in the lower reaches of Heihe River. Focus on the construction of Juyanhai oasis project and Shuangjingtan artificial ecological oasis project to solve the survival problem of herders in ecologically deteriorated areas. It is planned that by 20 10, 26 deep wells will be drilled, 4,000 supporting grass culverts will be built, and 20 million mu of forest and grassland will be planted by aerial seeding, increasing the forest and grassland area150,000 mu. Initially improve the ecological environment around Juyanhai, so that 60% herders in areas with poor living environment can be resettled in Shuangjingtan. Among them, from 65438 to 0998-2000, it is planned to drill 6 deep wells, build 920 grass culverts and 5 supporting facilities, plant grass by aerial seeding, and enclose sand for afforestation and grass planting, increasing the forest grassland area by 3.4 million mu.

3. "Three North" sandstorm comprehensive prevention and control area-control project of wind erosion and desertification area in northern Yinshan Mountain

The planning area is located in the transition zone from Yinshan Mountain to Mongolian Plateau in the middle of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which belongs to the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry and has fragile ecology. Including Xilin Gol League, Wulanchabu League, Hohhot City, Baotou City, Bayannaoer League and other league cities, with a total land area of 1 1 Qixian County, with a total land area of 63 million mu (70% in hillside fields, 28% in plain beaches and rivers). The total population is 6.5438+0.9 million, of which the agricultural population is 6.5438+0.67 million.

The main objectives of ecological protection construction in this area are: to maintain soil and water, increase vegetation, recuperate and restore ecology. The basic farmland construction methods include: returning farmland to forests and grasslands, vigorously planting trees and grasses, building soil and water conservation projects, and returning farmland to forests and grasslands in mountainous areas with high terrain and steep slopes; Cultivated land reclaimed within the allowable slope range shall be built with horizontal terraces, dams and silts to conserve soil and store water; In hilly areas with large topographic relief, windbreak and sand fixation forests, farmland and pasture shelterbelts and village shelterbelts will be built, and basic farmland and pasture with stable and high yield in dry farming will be built. Focus on the construction of the Houshan section of Wulanchabu League. It is planned that by 20 10, there will be 26 million mu of artificial afforestation, 39 million mu of artificial grass planting, 5 million mu of basic farmland with stable and high yield in dry farming, and 100000 small watershed control projects with a control area of130000 mu; An area of 62 million mu has been added to prevent and control desertification. Initially control the deterioration of the regional ecological environment. From 1998 to 2000, the national afforestation and grass planting150,000 mu, basic farmland120,000 mu, 30,000 small watershed control projects, with a control area of 3 million mu, and newly added land for sand control140,000 mu.

4. "Three North" Comprehensive Sand Control Area-Horqin Sandy Land Control Project

The planned governance area includes 2/kloc-0 counties in Xing 'an League, Zhelimu League and Chifeng City, with a total land area of 65,438+10,000 square kilometers. The total population is 6.085 million, of which 4.705 million are agricultural.

The short-term control objectives of this area are: restoring surface vegetation and controlling land desertification. Construction methods include: artificial planting trees and grass, aerial planting trees and grass, fenced grassland, construction of shrub grassland, forage base and so on. Eco-economic ditches are mainly built in hilly areas, and bio-economic circles are mainly built in plain beaches and rivers, with emphasis on forming a green barrier combining nets, trees, irrigation and grass in alluvial plains on the two wings of Xiliaohe River, Xinkai River, Jiaolai River and Xilamulun River. It is planned that by 20 10, 78 million mu of artificial afforestation and grass planting will be completed, and 59 million mu of land for desertification control will be added.

5. Ecological environment control project in grassland area

The natural grasslands in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are widely distributed, covering an area of 800,000 square kilometers, accounting for a quarter of the national natural grasslands and 67% of the total land area in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ranking first in the country. However, at present, grassland degradation, desertification and salinization have reached 466.5 million mu, accounting for 46% of available grassland. The ecological environment improvement project in grassland area includes 33 pastoral counties in Inner Mongolia. The main direction is to restore grassland vegetation and establish a natural ecological barrier in the "Three North" green grass belt. The construction methods are artificial grass planting, aerial seeding, improved grassland, fenced grassland and enclosed grassland, and a small biosphere with five supporting grasses as the core is constructed. The key points of construction are: to build 6.5438+million mu of aviation pastoral areas suitable for aviation grazing in Horqin and Hunshandake sandy belts, Tengger and Maowusu desert edges, Kubuqi and Wulanbuhe desert edges. In Hulunbeier, Xilingol and Wulanchabu typical grassland areas, 30 million mu of enclosed grassland will be transformed; In the saline-alkali grasslands of Yikezhao League, Bayannaoer League and Wulanchabu League, 28 million mu of salt-tolerant pasture was planted artificially; Planting perennial grasses in hilly areas and building100000 mu of shrub grassland; An area of 59 million mu has been added to prevent and control desertification. At the same time, the establishment of natural grassland rodent and pest control forecasting system, do a good job in the construction of grass seed base.

6. Ecological agriculture construction projects

According to the characteristics of natural resources and ecological environment in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, it is planned to carry out ecological agriculture construction in the arid and semi-arid farming-pastoral ecotone in the southern foothills of Daxing 'anling Mountains in the west. In the near future, five different types of ecological demonstration zones will be selected, which are representative, outstanding and have a significant impact on improving the regional ecological environment, such as the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, the Maowusu arid ecological agriculture demonstration zone, the arid sandstorm zone at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain, the arid sandstorm zone in Horqin Sandy Land and some counties in the southeast ecological agriculture demonstration zone in Daxing 'anling. These counties are important commodity grain, oil and sugar bases in the autonomous region, with early agricultural development and a tradition of intensive cultivation, and relatively good light and heat conditions. The construction goal of this project is to improve agricultural production conditions, improve comprehensive agricultural production capacity and farmers' living standards, and realize the sustainable development of regional economy. The construction mode is to build an ecological household combining agriculture and animal husbandry and a "four-in-one" ecological demonstration household, and promote water-saving irrigation, energy-saving technology and new energy in rural areas. The main construction contents include farmland capital construction, planting trees and grass, drilling wells, soil and water conservation and small watershed management projects, water and energy conservation, purchase of new energy instruments and equipment in rural areas and infrastructure construction. It is planned that by 20 10, 3.6 million mu of low-and medium-yield fields will be transformed, 900,000 mu of irrigation area will be expanded by using water-saving irrigation technology, and 26 million mu of eco-economic ditch will be built. Among them, from 1.998 to 2000, 900,000 mu of medium and low yield fields were transformed, 2 1.000 mu of irrigated land was expanded, and 6 million mu of eco-economic ditches were built by planting trees and grass.

7. Urban environmental protection and construction

In the near future, we should vigorously promote energy-saving residential building technology, protect and rationally exploit groundwater resources, advocate the use of secondary water utilization systems, and advocate the use of urban clean energy; Focus on Hohhot and Baotou, vigorously control urban pollution sources and expand urban green space. It is planned that by 20 10, the urban green space coverage rate will reach 35%, of which 1998-2000 will reach 30%.

8. Construction of nature reserves

According to the division of natural areas and ecosystems in the Outline of Nature Protection of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, taking into account the habitats of rare species, lakes where migratory birds migrate, the origin of excellent livestock, natural landscapes, geological profiles and biological relics with important scientific research and tourism value, 35 nature reserves will be built in each natural area and ecosystem, making the area of nature reserves reach 84,000 square kilometers, accounting for 7./kloc-0% of the total land area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Third, the key construction benefit estimation

According to the above planning assumption, by 20 10, after 13 years of construction, the ecological environment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region will be improved, especially in key governance areas. At the same time, a good ecological environment will certainly produce remarkable economic benefits. According to calculation, the average grass yield per mu of artificial grassland can be increased by 150 kg compared with natural grassland. The short-term goal is to increase the grassland construction and preservation area by more than 200 million mu and increase the grass yield by 30 billion kilograms. Calculated by 0.6 yuan per kilogram, the output value can be increased by 654.38+0.8 billion yuan. Through the management of small watersheds, the construction of farmland shelterbelts and the construction of basic farmland with stable and high yield, the grain yield per mu of beneficiary farmland can be increased by 10%. After the recent ecological construction goal is realized, the grain output can be increased by 4 billion Jin, and the output value can be increased by 2 billion yuan according to the calculation of 0.5 yuan per Jin. These two output values can increase 600 yuan for farmers and herdsmen in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. At the same time, with the improvement of urban environment and the construction of nature reserves, it will promote the development of tourism, thus promoting the development of secondary industry and greatly promoting the development of national economy and society.

Fourth, policy measures.

(1) All regions should put ecological environment construction on the important agenda and strengthen leadership. According to the "Outline", combined with local conditions, the ecological construction plan of the region to 20 10 was formulated respectively, the direction of efforts was clarified, and the target responsibility system was implemented. Leading cadres at all levels should go deep into the grassroots, study and solve problems and difficulties in ecological construction, and strengthen organization and coordination. It is necessary to establish a fixed contact point for ecological construction work, and turn the contact point into a greening point, a governance development point, a poverty alleviation development point, and a mass enrichment point to promote the overall work. The broad masses of the people are the main force in the construction of ecological environment. We should rely on the masses, mobilize them and actively guide them to consciously participate in the practice of ecological environment construction. All relevant departments should, in accordance with the requirements of the Outline, carry out their duties, coordinate their actions and cooperate closely to complete the historical task of ecological environment protection and construction.

(2) organically combine ecological construction with changing the growth mode of agriculture and animal husbandry. In view of the situation that animal husbandry production pays attention to extensional development quantity, overgrazing, grassland degradation, intensified contradiction between grass and livestock, poor crops and extensive predatory management, all parts of Inner Mongolia should formulate development policies that pay equal attention to ecological construction and economic development, actively promote the transformation of agricultural and animal husbandry growth mode in ecological environment construction, and make agricultural and animal husbandry production and ecological construction promote each other and complement each other. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of grass seed base, expand the planting area of excellent forage grass and green fodder, build artificial forage grass, improve natural forage grass, improve the yield and quality of forage grass, improve the nutritional conditions of livestock, and improve the individual quality and output of livestock, so as to improve the economic benefits of animal husbandry. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of fenced grassland and five supporting grass banks, popularize the experience of grassland rotation grazing, let grassland recuperate, realize the nutritional balance of livestock, and change livestock from one season to four seasons to meet the perennial demand of the market. Solve the problem of forage pressure and "difficult to sell" in winter and spring, reduce feeding costs and improve economic benefits. Combined with the construction of ecological and economic structure, we should actively build horizontal terraces, popularize planting techniques such as high planting on sloping land and hydroponics, enhance the function of soil conservation and water storage, and increase crop growth. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of basic fields with stable and high yield in dry farming, return farmland to forests and grasslands, and restore vegetation on sloping fields that are not suitable for farming. In order to improve the yield per unit area of farmland and pasture, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of farmland and pasture shelterbelts.

(3) Protecting and building the ecological environment according to law. Widely and deeply publicize the Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China, Forest Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), Soil and Water Conservation Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), Grassland Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and Wildlife Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC). Strengthen the construction of law enforcement team, strengthen law enforcement, and seriously investigate and deal with illegal cases such as vegetation destruction and ecological damage. Strengthen the protection of cultivated land and prohibit reclamation, except for those included in the national comprehensive agricultural development projects. Strengthen grassland protection, implement the system of grassland contracting to households and paid use as soon as possible, and charge grassland construction fees for overgrazing. Rational development and utilization of water resources, over-exploitation areas should limit the amount of exploitation. Build railways, highways, water conservancy projects and start enterprises in the "two districts". , we must strictly evaluate the construction of environmental protection to prevent new soil erosion and desertification. The forest right certificate issued by the people's government at or above the county level is a legal document to confirm the ownership and use right of trees and woodlands, and is protected by state laws. Without the approval of the people's government at the next higher level of the issuing authority, the ownership and use right shall not be changed at will. The development of forest and tourism resources by state-owned forest farms (nurseries) must be approved by the competent forestry authorities of the autonomous region, and the occupied assets such as forests, trees, woodlands and scenic resources should be evaluated and priced, and paid use should be implemented. Establish and improve the ecological benefit compensation system. The fees collected are mainly used for ecological construction and protection.

(4) Continue to deepen the reform of ecological construction and protection system. In the construction of ecological environment, the policy of who invests, who manages, who benefits and is allowed to inherit, transfer and remain unchanged for a long time is implemented, and the joint-stock cooperative system is actively promoted to encourage Sumu (township), Gacha (village) and social departments, units and individuals to cooperate and operate with land, labor, resources, funds, seedlings, machinery and technology to benefit each other; Encourage household contracting, household contracting, collective development, leasing, joint-stock cooperation and auction of the right to use, and accelerate the management and development of barren hills, gullies, hills and beaches; Collectively owned "four barren" resources should be planned and managed in a unified way. It can be allocated to households at one time and managed within a time limit, or it can be built in a unified way, and the masses can invest in shares and cooperate in business. Compound management in forest land, or mature planting of crops in fire isolation zone and before afforestation, income from harnessing mountains, ditches, hills and beaches, and paid services provided by the state in grass-roots agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, water and agricultural machinery stations, enjoy preferential tax policies.

(five) adhere to the joint efforts of the state, local, collective and individual, multi-level, multi-form and multi-channel financing. Finance at all levels should include funds for ecological construction in the budget, and funds for agricultural development, poverty alleviation and development, and work-for-relief should be tilted towards ecological construction. For water conservancy and hydropower projects that bring benefits into play, a certain amount of money is extracted from utilities every year for reservoir construction and upstream soil and water conservation projects. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region cut into pieces and allocated special funds such as production costs, capital construction costs, small-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction costs, soil and water conservation fees and animal husbandry aerial seeding funds to state-owned forest farms (nurseries) in Union City, and Union City and counties shall not intercept or misappropriate them, and the funds shall be earmarked to ensure that they are in place in full and on time. According to the actual situation, each region can formulate reasonable labor accumulation quota standards and the number of workers invested. Any accumulation workers used for ecological construction shall not be regarded as increasing the burden on farmers and herdsmen. It is necessary to actively attract capital, technology and talents from inside and outside the region and at home and abroad to accelerate the pace of ecological construction.

(6) Strengthen scientific research on ecological construction. All relevant departments and scientific research and education institutions should organize human, financial and material resources to tackle key problems and technical difficulties in ecological construction. Scientific research projects for ecological construction should be given priority in local scientific and technological development plans and the funds should be guaranteed. Vigorously promote the application of scientific research achievements and applicable technologies. At present, it is necessary to actively develop economic forest, firewood forest, fast-growing and high-yield forest and dual-purpose forest tree species, vigorously promote eco-economic ditch, bio-economic circle, small watershed management, three-dimensional planting compound management, family "five small" forestry (small forest farm, small nursery, small plantation, small orchard and small medicine garden), "five supporting" grass coulomb construction and other production modes, as well as drought-resistant afforestation, water-saving irrigation and desertification. Effectively strengthen the technical training of farmers and herdsmen, constantly improve their scientific and cultural quality and environmental awareness, and train a number of technical personnel and leaders for ecological management and development.