What is the concept of smuggling?

Smuggling is an international phenomenon, or a common problem in the international community. The reasons are complicated, including social development, legal reasons, historical reasons, domestic reasons and international reasons. To sum up, there are mainly the following aspects: First, there is a gap in economic development between countries, and there is a big gap between developed and developing countries. It is the attraction of this economic gap that makes citizens of some developing countries blindly listen to the propaganda of some snakeheads and flow to developed countries in order to get rich quickly, regardless of the legal consequences. Some manual workers can't achieve the goal of moving to developed countries through legal channels, so they take illegal channels. Second, there are legal problems in immigrant countries. Historically, developing countries are the sending countries of immigrants, while western developed countries have become the receiving countries of immigrants. In order to continue to absorb foreign labor, these countries objectively condone illegal immigrants. The immigrant countries represented by the United States in developed countries, on the one hand, absorb a large number of talents from developing countries through legal channels, on the other hand, the underground economy of these countries also needs to continue to employ a large number of cheap labor, and illegal immigration is one of the channels to provide cheap labor. Therefore, these countries pass legislation every few years to grant legal residency to illegal immigrants who reside illegally in these countries. For example, the United States has enacted such a law. Canada, Australia and Argentina have issued such laws many times in history, giving illegal immigrants legal residency, and objectively inducing immigrants from developing countries to continue to flow to these countries. On the other hand, due to political needs, developed countries have set up political asylum clauses in their laws. In order to play the political card, according to their regulations, citizens of socialist countries are given the right of asylum as long as they declare political persecution, whether they leave the country legally or illegally. Thanks to this law, a large number of citizens from developing countries have entered these countries by smuggling and obtained legal residency. Historically, developed countries have not punished stowaways and illegal immigrants enough, and the legal punishment is relatively light. The participation of international criminal organizations is also one of the important factors. Transnational criminal groups are gradually abandoning traditional crimes and stepping into new ones, such as smuggling weapons, people and drugs. Because violence can be earned through smuggling, human smuggling and drug trafficking have become the main behaviors of criminal groups to earn violence. These organized criminal gangs colluded with criminal gangs in Chinese mainland to form a criminal network. Judging from the cases seized by public security organs in various places, there are three gangs, such as the American rich green gang, the Qinglong gang and the Japanese gang. These international criminal groups have penetrated into some areas of our country and become the main reason for the increasingly rampant smuggling activities in some coastal areas of our country. Smuggling is also called the crime of crossing the border in China's criminal law, which generally refers to the entry-exit behavior that violates the entry-exit management regulations and also refers to the behavior that should be punished by the criminal law. Entering or leaving the country in violation of the provisions on entry and exit administration; Second, acts that should bear legal responsibility, including using fake documents at open ports to muddle through, and using fake documents at secret locations to illegally enter and leave the country. At the same time, it also includes organizing, transporting others and groups to sneak out of the country. In addition, it also includes the behavior of staff in some countries, or making false documents for people who are trying to smuggle, or letting law enforcement officers at national ports know that someone is smuggling across the border privately. In China, smuggling is recognized as a criminal activity by law, which is regarded as a serious social problem that affects social order internally and hinders normal international exchanges externally. The national criminal law clearly stipulates the handling of illegal acts, focusing on "snakeheads", but for ordinary illegal immigrants, they are generally repatriated after administrative punishment.