How much do you know about China folk songs?

Before liberation, Winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon, winter melon. Melon, melon, melon, melon, melon, melon, melon, melon and winter 1955 During the Spring Festival, Lichuan held an amateur music, dance and opera performance in the county, and "Planting Melons" received rave reviews. After that, Zhou and Huang, cadres of lichuan county Cultural Center, collected, processed and polished it, and changed it into Dragon Boat Tune. Dragon boat music, based on planting melon music, has accumulated the long-term life experience and wisdom of local working people, revealing a strong flavor of life between the lines. After repeated deliberation and tempering, the song has a more refined meaning, and the melody is extremely smooth and beautiful, which shows the shyness and charm of Tujia girls, the bitterness and ridicule of literati and the humor and wildness of hunchback ferrymen in a concentrated and affectionate way. From 65438 to 0957, Lichuan folk artists Wang Guosheng and Zhang Shuntang sang Dragon Boat Tune for the first time in Huairentang, Beijing, and participated in the second national music and dance performance as a program, which was well received by the party and state leaders. Wuhan singer Liu Jiayi recorded her "Dragon Boat Song" for the first time and made it popular all over the country. Wang Yuzhen also sang "Dragon Boat Tune" in Japan, and famous singers Wang Jieshi, Li Guyi, Tang Can and so on sang many times. The famous singer Song Zu Ying sang in Sydney Opera House, Vienna Golden Hall and Kennedy Art Center in the United States, which set off a worldwide upsurge in singing dragon boat songs.

2.jasmine

(1) folk songs, widely sung in China and the world, China folk songs.

origin

The tune of Jasmine (that is, folk songs) is called "coloratura", and there are hundreds of singing methods, but they are similar, which is actually one kind, and the music industry calls it "approximate tune". This tune was widely circulated in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the main popular areas were in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. According to the research of the late music historian Zhang Ming (formerly a researcher at the National Music Institute of the Chinese Academy of Art) and other experts, the "coloratura" in the Qing Dynasty was developed on the basis of the "coloratura" popular in Yangzhou in the Ming Dynasty. Yangzhou Qingqu, as well as Yangzhou Opera which draws rich nutrition from Yangzhou Qingqu, all have "coloratura" qupai, which are inextricably linked.

China's music has a long history, but the biggest regret is that for a long time, most of them only have the names and lyrics of songs, and there are few records of music scores. The earliest extant lyrics of Flower Tune (also known as Fairy Flower Tune) can be found in Fairy Flower Tune of the drama Flower Drum in the series of Hundred Autumn in the thirty-ninth year of Qing Qianlong (177 1). Now, the earliest music score can be found in 1804' s Travel Notes of China published in hittner, England (with music but no words, it was later used by Italian composer Puccini in the opera Turandot). The earliest notation in China is the notation of Gongchi, which was recorded in Xiao Huiji published in the first year of Qing Daoguang (182 1). Singing by Yangzhou Qingqu composer, recorded by Zhang, modified by Villy Vonka. Wang Wanqing's coloratura is closer to the popular Jasmine at that time. Once again, it is the guqin music of 1840 manuscript "Zhang Jutian Piano Score".

Jasmine, which first appeared in the form of notation in modern times, 1957 went to Beijing to give a presentation. The performance was very successful, and then it was recorded and widely circulated at home and abroad.

In the mid-1980s, according to the deployment of the Ministry of Culture, Yangzhou collected folk songs on a large scale. Among the collected 1000 folk songs, there are three kinds of "jasmine", namely Yizheng, Jiangdu and Xinghua, with similar lyrics and songs. 1990, more than 230 Yangzhou folk songs were selected in China Folk Songs Integration. Jiangsu Volume, while Jasmine Flower (Flower Tune) is included in the book in the form of seven kinds of lyrics and songs. The first song is He Imitation, and there is a note at the end of the song, "Singing anonymously, how to imitate words and record music".

Origin dispute

During the period of 1942, He Fang, a soldier of the New Fourth Army, recorded a song "Hua Diao" sung by a local folk artist while collecting folk songs in Liuhe, Jiangsu. 1957, He Fang, who once worked in Nanjing Frontline Song and Dance Troupe, adapted it into a folk song "Jasmine" to participate in the national performance. Jasmine was named "Jiangsu Folk Song" for the first time. However, Hua Diao was sung all over the country as early as the late Qing Dynasty, and there was Hua Diao in Shandong Province. Suppose He Fang recorded this folk song in Linqing, and it was performed by Shandong Avant-garde Song and Dance Troupe, wouldn't it be today's Shandong folk song? Therefore, the author believes that the first "registration" and its origin are two different things.

According to an article, according to the textual research of the late music historian Zhang Ming, "the coloratura in the Qing Dynasty was developed on the basis of the coloratura popular in Yangzhou in the Ming Dynasty". According to the author's research, the name of Hua Diao was first seen in the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. It is an indisputable fact that Yangzhou Qingqu has a coloratura. However, according to the comprehensive records of China's traditional opera music, Quyi music and folk songs, Huaerhiao is found all over the country, which proves that it is far-fetched that Huaerhiao first appeared in Yangzhou Qingqu. As for the way to spread to the whole country, some people suggest that it is through geisha, which is not convincing. There is no record of Yangzhou geisha traveling all over the country in history. It has also been suggested that the "minor" recorded in Travel Notes of hittner and China published in 1804 (that is, Hua Diao with music and no words, which was later applied to the opera Turandot by Italian composer Puccini) comes from Yangzhou Qingqu, and no conclusive evidence has been produced. [ 1]

Development and influence

China has a vast territory, a long history and many nationalities, so a large number of folk songs are widely circulated. They are like flowers in the garden in late spring and March. They are colorful, colorful and fragrant. One of the varieties has a long history of cultivation and is widely loved by the public. She is the well-known folk song Jasmine.

"Jasmine" has been popular all over the country since ancient times, and there are many varieties, but one popular in Jiangnan is the most extensive and representative. Her melody is euphemistic, with smooth ups and downs and delicate feelings. Through the praise of jasmine, the simple and gentle feelings between men and women are implicitly expressed. As early as the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, its lyrics were published in the drama script collection "Hundred Autumn", which shows that it has been circulating for a long time.

At the end of the eighteenth century, a foreigner wrote down her tunes, and the lyrics were expressed by free translation in English and Chinese Pinyin. Later, an Englishman named John Bello came to China to serve as the secretary of the first British ambassador to China. 1804 published Travel Notes of China. Perhaps in his eyes, "Jasmine" is the representative of China folk songs, so he specially published the music score of "Jasmine" in his works, so this song became the first American folk song to spread overseas in the form of a publication, and began to spread in Europe and South America.

1924, Puccini, a world-famous opera master and Italian composer, finished the first draft of the opera Turandot among cancer patients and died. Based on the Yuan Dynasty in China, the play fictionalizes a beautiful and cold story of Princess Turandot. Puccini took the tune of Jasmine as one of the main musical materials of the play, and adapted its original song into a female chorus. In addition, all the characters in the play are dressed in costumes of the Yuan Dynasty, which makes the China story written and performed by foreigners have the color and flavor of China. 1926, the play premiered in Italy and was a great success. Since then, the fragrance of China folk song Jasmine Flower has spread abroad with the spread of this opera classic.

According to recent media reports, "Jasmine", formerly known as "Flower Tune", originally had three lyrics, which sang jasmine, honeysuckle and rose in turn. During 1942, musician He Fang went to Jinniu Mountain, Liuhe District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, to collect this folk song, which was widely sung in the local area, and recorded her tunes and lyrics one by one. 1957 He adapted the original words of the original song, and all three lyrics used the same tune, from singing three kinds of flowers to singing jasmine flowers in a concentrated way, ending in a melodious drawl, which became familiar to everyone now. This song was sung by the front-line song and dance troupe and then recorded by the Chinese record club, so it was further circulated.

At the beginning of this century, Zhang Yimou used "Jasmine Flower" as the background music in the propaganda films of Olympic bid and Expo bid. On August 3, 2003, the emblem of the 2008 Olympic Games-"China Seal Dancing Beijing" was grandly unveiled in the Hall of Prayer for the New Year in Beijing Tiantan Park. When Deng Yaping, a famous athlete, and Jackie Chan, a famous movie star, walked slowly to the Hall of Prayer for the New Year with their badges, the melody of jasmine sounded in the band. At the moment, the music of jasmine you hear is vigorous in euphemism, passionate in delicacy and firm in fluttering, which seems to tell the world that the hometown of jasmine, ancient China, is striding forward. With the broadcast of these TV series, I believe that the fragrance of jasmine will float farther and wider.

3. Kangding love song

Kangding love song is a folk song born in Kangding, Sichuan in the 1930s. According to textual research, the author of Kangding love song is Li Yiruo of Xuanhan, Sichuan, which was created in the 1940s and gradually spread. In the mid-1940s, Wu Wenji, a Fujian student studying at Qingmuguan National Music School in Chongqing, collected this song among Kangding people who joined the army and gave it to his teacher Wu Zhengqian. Wu Zhengqian liked it very much, and asked Jiang Dingxian, a teacher from the composition department, to accompany it. Jiang Dingxian changed the original name of "Happy Mountain" to "Kangding Love Song" after matching the accompaniment. Later, Wu Zhengqian sang this song for the first time at a school concert. Later, I recommended this song to Yu, a popular singer at that time. In the same year, I sang this song in public at a solo concert held in Nanjing. Later, he took this song as his own reserved program, and sang it from Nanjing to the northwest, from home to abroad, so that Kangding Love Song spread all over the world.

Take the west exit

It is said that it has been circulating for one or two hundred years. This song can be sung not only by Shanxi people, but also by many people in neighboring Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and even Ningxia, Qinghai and Gansu.

There's an old saying in China called "different sounds in ten miles", which says that folk songs have strong regional characteristics. The reason why people in many places in the northwest can sing "Walking to the West" is probably because many Shanxi people have been to these places at that time. Some people have been singing this song for a long time and the locals have learned it.

Shanxi Hequ folk song "Walking to the West Exit" tells the tragic experience of a newly married couple, where are you going, and the hardships of Shanxi people going out to make a living in modern times. There are profound social, historical, natural and geographical reasons behind it. Going to the west is a challenge to fate and a development of a new environment. Although it is difficult to travel to the west, the industrious and intelligent people have stepped out of a new world, and it is they who have opened up the "richest" modern people. The spontaneous westward movement has profoundly changed the development process of Shanxi and Mongolia.

cultural background

Qing Dynasty is an important period in the history of population development in China. In the early Qing Dynasty, after the restoration and development of Kang Yong III, the population of the whole country exceeded 300 million during the Qianlong period. The contradiction between man and land is acute, and a large number of poor people in the mainland are forced by the pressure of life to "go west", "go east" or "go south to Southeast Asia", forming three major immigration waves in modern times. Since the Qing Dynasty, thousands of people from Shaanxi and Shanxi have flocked to Cheng Guihua, Tumote, Chahar and Erdos to make a living. "Westward migration" has greatly changed the social structure, economic structure and lifestyle of Mongolia. At the same time, Shanxi immigrants, who account for a very high proportion of immigrants, as the main carrier of cultural communication, brought Shanxi's Jin culture to the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia, forming an immigrant culture rich in Shanxi's local characteristics. As a part of farming culture, Jin culture has merged with local nomadic culture through population migration, forming a vibrant multicultural and enriching China culture.

The barren land, frequent natural disasters and poor living environment in northern Shanxi have forced many northerners to make a living outside. There is an old saying in Shanxi, "Hequ defends Texas, and it will not be collected for ten years and nine years." Men go outside and women dig wild vegetables, which fully shows that most people who go to the west are hungry people caused by natural disasters. From the third year to the fifth year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty, there was a severe drought in Shanxi and other provinces for three consecutive years, and the worst drought occurred in modern times, which was called the "disaster at noon", and it didn't even rain in some areas. Population migration caused by natural disasters is most prominent in northern Shanxi, such as Xinzhou and Yanbei. The barren land and harsh natural environment in northern Shanxi forced a large number of people to leave their homes. For example, "Yanggao is located in the northern fortress, with excellent sand moraine, high soil and yellow sand, and low soil everywhere. It is difficult to cultivate with alkali and brine ... The land is barren and the people are poor, so there is nothing to hide. In case of famine, they are displaced. " In the harsh natural environment of barren land, cold climate and no stream irrigation, people in northern Shaanxi live in poverty. Every time there is a disaster, people have to be displaced and go out to make a living.

"Westward Journey" is a bitter history of immigration, but also a history of hard struggle and entrepreneurship. Groups of immigrants left their homes and went north to Mongolia, where they worked hard to develop Inner Mongolia. More importantly, they brought advanced farming culture to the central and western Inner Mongolia, which was in a backward nomadic state at that time, and fundamentally changed the whole local cultural outlook. With the process of "moving westward", the Mongolian area outside the mouth has evolved from a traditional nomadic society to a diversified society with counties and farmers. In this evolution process, Shanxi immigrants, as the main body of immigrants, have made great contributions. Because Shanxi immigrants account for the vast majority of immigrants, the local immigrant culture is more characteristic of Jin culture, which can also be said to be the expansion of Jin culture in this area.

The flow of population promotes the spread of culture, which narrows the distance between regions and enhances the sense of identity between regions. The migration wave of "going to the west" has greatly promoted the exchanges between the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia and the mainland, further enhanced the national feelings of Mongolia and China, and had a certain positive impact on the prosperity and stability of our multi-ethnic country.

There are many things to check, such as Yunnan folk song "Running Water", Northeast folk song "Wusuli Boat Song" and Northern Shaanxi folk song "Farewell to Lovers", all of which are very nice.