When did the problem of racial discrimination against black people gradually improve in the 20th century?

In the mid-19th century, the contradiction between the free labor system in the north and the slave system in the south developed to an irreconcilable point. The American Democratic Party was established in the north in 1854. In the same year, southern slave owners attempted to use force to expand slavery to Kansas, so an armed struggle broke out in Kansas between western farmers and immigrants from free states against southern slave owners. The struggle lasted until 1856 , kicking off the civil war. April 1861

April 1865, there was a four-year war between the South and the North of the United States, known in history as the Civil War.

On September 22, 1862, President Lincoln promulgated the Emancipation Proclamation

Proclamation, which completely abolished slavery in the United States system . On January 1, 1863, the slaves were officially ordered to be emancipated. Black people were not given political rights and they were not given land. But the "Declaration" showed that the Lincoln government had changed from restricting slavery to completely abolishing slavery, putting the war on a new basis, and black people began to get rid of the shackles of slavery.

Lincoln was re-elected president on November 8, 1864. However, on the night of April 14, 1865, while watching a play at Ford's Theater in Washington, Lincoln was assassinated by a thug bribed by southern slave owners. Lincoln became a symbol of black liberation. In the same year, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States was born, making slavery illegal.

Veterans of the defeated Confederate army in the Civil War formed the Ku Klux Klan in 1866. Aimed at restoring Democratic power in the South and opposing policies enforced by federal troops in the South to improve the treatment of old black slaves. The group often uses violence to achieve its goals.

In 1868, the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, giving blacks equal citizenship rights; in 1870, the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution came out, stipulating that all citizens have the right to vote.

Hiram Rivers of Mississippi served as a senator for one year from February 1870 to March 1871, setting a first in the history of black Americans.

After the abolition of slavery, "separate but equal" became a common phenomenon in southern states. States spatially separated blacks and whites from contact in the name of "African Americans" and "European Americans." In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that this practice was constitutional.

At dusk on Thursday, December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, a black woman, Rosa Parks, was killed on a bus because she refused to give a white man a pass. Passengers were arrested for giving up their seats, sparking a black boycott of buses. This was the beginning of the black civil rights movement that lasted for more than 10 years.

In 1963, Martin Luther King, leader of the black civil rights movement, delivered the "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington, attracting 200,000 people and pushing the black civil rights movement to a climax.

“I have a dream that one day this nation will stand up and truly live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day, in Georgia, On the Red Mountain, the sons of former slaves will be able to sit together with the sons of former slave owners and talk about brotherhood..."

1963, Alabama State Governor George Wallace led the state's National Guard to block the gates of the University of Alabama, symbolically preventing two admitted black students from entering the campus, declaring that "the central government's illegal Activity". Federal Deputy Minister of Justice Nicholas Katzenbach was therefore sent to the local area to mediate with George Wallace. Finally, President John F. Kennedy signed an order transferring command of the National Guard from the states to the federal government, forcing George Wallace to abandon his plan and creating a history of racial equality.

On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King, the leader of the African-American civil rights movement in the United States, was shot and killed on the balcony outside his bedroom on the second floor of the Lorain Motel in Memphis, Tennessee.

King, known for preaching nonviolence and racial reconciliation, was leaning on a railing while talking to civil rights activist Jesse Jackson, who was standing below.

King once said during his lifetime, "I may even die. But even if I die in the struggle, I want people to say 'He died to set me free.'"< /p>

In 1989, Colin Powell became the first black person to serve as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 2000, he became the first black secretary of state in U.S. history.

On April 29, 1992, a district court in Los Angeles, USA, acquitted the four white police officers who severely beat the black youth Rodney King on March 3, 1991. This unfair verdict aroused strong dissatisfaction among the American public, especially black people. That night, thousands of black people gathered in the streets of Los Angeles to hold demonstrations. Later, the situation got out of control and large-scale violent conflicts broke out. At least 59 people were killed, more than 2,000 people were injured, more than 10,000 people were arrested, and more than 5,000 people were injured. A house was destroyed, and economic losses were estimated at $1 billion. There were approximately 600 arsons and approximately 10,000 arrests.

In 2000, Condoleezza Rice served as the U.S. National Security Advisor and became one of the most dazzling female political stars in American politics. In 2004, she succeeded Powell and became the first black female Secretary of State in U.S. history.

In 2008, Illinois Senator Obama became the first black president in the 232 years since the founding of the United States.