Brief introduction of Hungarian capital.

Budapest, the capital of Hungary, has a population of about 265,438+065,438+00,000, with an urban area of 525 square kilometers. The Danube divides the city into two parts. The west bank of the river is called BUDA and the east bank is called Perth. The bustling Perth is the administrative, commercial and cultural center, and most of the houses of parliament and government agencies are concentrated here. The Danube is 28 kilometers long in the capital city, with an average width of 300-400 meters, an average depth of 3-4 meters, and the deepest point is about 10 meter. The Royal Palace and Fisherman's Castle in Buda are in harmony with the Parliament Building in Perth, which forms the most beautiful picture of Buda and Perth, and the charming night scene makes you unforgettable. Budapest, known as the Pearl of Paris and the Danube in Eastern Europe, is listed as one of the precious world heritages by UNESCO. It was once rated as the quietest capital in the world by the French.

Geographical survey

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Budapest, the capital of Hungary, an important European port and a famous ancient city, is located in the north-central border, on both sides of the middle reaches of the Danube, with Buda on the west bank and Perth on the east. These are two cities far apart. After centuries of expansion, the two cities gradually approached and merged into one city at 1873, which was then called Budapest. Budapest, a city on both sides of the Danube, is located in Budabao District, which was built in the 9th century. It is located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, between the Hungarian Plain and the Carpathian Mountains. The whole city is located along the Danube River, Buda is built on the rocky south bank, and Pace is built on the plain on the north bank. Historically, Budapest mainly played political and trade functions, and now it is the national capital. Budapest has a population of 2.83 million and an urban area of more than 520 square kilometers. Urban traffic is developed, buses cross the street and trams run in the middle of wide roads. Below the street is a spider's web of subway lines, and there are many mini-cars.

history

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In the18th century BC, Aleppo was the capital of an important kingdom. In16th century BC, about 1595 BC, it was occupied by Hittites from Anatolia as part of their victory after attacking Babylonia. On the main channel of the Danube, the Romans established the capital of Panonia (the border province of the Roman Empire) near the small town of Celtik. In the 9th century, Hungarians gradually settled down, and their first settlement was built near the ancient ruins, which is where Budapest is today. 124 1 year, this residential area was destroyed by Mongols. 1247, King Bello IV rebuilt the city in Buda Highland. In the14th century, cities played an important role in the country. 15th century, enjoying a high reputation in Europe. The reign of King Matthias was its golden age. Apart from Italy, it is one of the most important centers of the European Renaissance. 1526, Buda and Perth were ravaged by Turks, and their rule lasted until 1686. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, with the return of the city to the Habsburg dynasty, Buda experienced another heyday, during which a large number of baroque and neoclassical buildings were built. 1872, Buda and Perth, two parts of the city, were formally merged into Budapest.

culture

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Connecting Buda and Perth are nine magnificent bridges with different styles. Among them, the most famous, oldest and grandest one is the iron cable bridge, which has become a landmark building in Budapest. It was built in the Renaissance, that is, at that time, it began to become a vibrant building, which harmoniously blended the styles of ancient Rome and Ottoman. At the beginning of the 20th century, Budapest formally established its position as the economic and cultural center of Central and Eastern Europe. To this day, it is still the cultural link and core of this region. The poet petofi and the great musician Liszt both left footprints.

urban structure

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13rd century, a street network has been formed in the city, which can well adapt to Buda Plateau, with an area of about1.5km× 0.5km.. The four streets that cross the space gradually narrow, and finally meet in the process of approaching the castle and the top of the mountain. The city square is located at the intersection of these streets. Countless short streets connect one block to another and cross four long streets, usually at right angles to each other. The banks of the Danube are connected by a series of buildings, forming harmony between architecture and natural scenery. The most important symbol of Budapest is the Parliament Building with neo-Gothic style (1884- 1904), which is located on the north bank of the Danube. It is worth mentioning that this area is surrounded by Buda Castle and overlooks the castle on the south bank. The castle area extends along a long terrace with medieval city walls, many Gothic buildings (churches, palaces, terraces) and magnificent Baroque buildings. The castle itself is gothic in concept, and in its heyday, Renaissance-style buildings were added. /kloc-In the 9th century, Queen Maria Teresa rebuilt the castle, and the architectural style turned to Baroque style. In Pannonia, then in Dach, Akungum Castle played an important role in the spread of Roman architectural forms. In the country established by magyars, Buda Castle has played a great role in the spread of Gothic art ... The architecture of Buda Castle and its surrounding ancient areas show that the history of this area is divided into two important stages, which is precisely related to the Turkish occupation.

Budapest is the largest industrial city and transportation hub in Hungary. Industry is mainly machinery manufacturing (including transport vehicles, generators, shipbuilding, agricultural machinery, etc.). ), as well as metallurgy, electrical equipment, precision instruments, chemistry, textiles, leather and fur, food and other industries. Industry is mainly distributed along the Danube River and Church Island, with the largest metallurgical joint venture and church automobile factory in China. Convenient transportation, located in the Danube waterway transportation hub connecting eight countries and the highway and railway hub across the European continent. It also has a number of routes connecting big cities at home and abroad. Urban traffic is developed and roads extend in all directions. There are many road bridges and railway bridges on the Danube River, and there is a subway under the river, which is the link between Buda and Perth. There are electric train lines in the outer suburbs.

Budapest is the largest cultural center in China. In addition to occupying an important position in the economy, the beautiful natural environment and urban scenery, historical sites, museums, famous hot springs, convenient external transportation and friendly atmosphere are all conducive to improving the international status of the city. As a cultural, scientific and artistic center, it has the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and its subordinate institutes of geology, meteorology, geophysics, chemistry, animals and physiology. There are many institutions of higher learning, national theaters, more than 300 theaters, and museums, concert halls, art galleries and stadiums that can accommodate 65,438+10,000 spectators. There are also ancient buildings such as ancient castle, Buda Palace, Matthews Cathedral, amphitheater and the famous Heroes Square. The highest point of Buda Mountain is connected with the cable car, from which you can overlook the whole city. There are many hot springs in this city, which has enjoyed a high reputation since Roman times.

Pace is a concentrated distribution area of government agencies, commercial outlets and new houses. Buda was originally an old capital with many places of interest. Mojit Island is a tourist area.

famous scenic spot

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Matthias church: matthias church was formed during the reconstruction in the 4th century. Since then, the church has been under construction. After the end of the Turkish occupation, it was once built in Barak style. However, in the late19th century, Frigyes redesigned it according to the medieval Gothic style. After World War II, after 20 years of renovation, this badly damaged church has been restored to its original appearance. It was named fisherman's castle because it was once a section of the wall of a medieval castle and was used for defense by a fisherman's association.

Fisherman's fortress: The fisherman's fortress looks very old, but in fact it is the masterpiece of modern designer Frigyes Schulek, which was completed in the early 20th century. From here, you can have a panoramic view of the Danube and Perth.

Statue of King St. Stephen: King St. Stephen was the first Catholic king in Hungary (crowned in A.D. 1000) and the founder of the Hungarian state.

Chain Bridge: The construction of chain bridge started at 1839 and was completed at 1849. During World War II, the Germans blew up all the bridges in order to consolidate their fortress on Castle Hill. Reconstruction after the war, the chain bridge reopened on 1949. Chain Bridge is the first permanent building that truly connects Perth and Buda. Just as tower bridge is the symbol of London, chain bridge has been the symbol of Budapest for many years.

Hero Square: In the center of Hero Square is a giant monument 36 meters high, which is called the Millennium Monument. Yes 1896 in memory of (? Rpad) led the victorious Hungarian nation into Carpathian basin in 1000. At the top of the monument, Gabriel (one of the Seven Angels, the messenger of God's gospel to mankind) holds the Pope's cross in one hand and spreads his wings to bless Hungary in the other. On the platform of the monument is arpad and the leaders of the six tribes he led. There are two semi-circular colonnades behind the monument, displaying emperors, sages or generals with outstanding military achievements.

Budapest (on both banks of Danube and Buda River) 1987 is listed in the World Heritage List according to the cultural heritage selection criteria C (ii) (iv).

According to the assessment of the World Heritage Committee, there are still some relics in this area, such as the Roman city of Akungum and the Gothic Buda Castle. These relics are one of the outstanding representatives of urban landscape in the world, showing the features of the Hungarian capital in various great periods in history.