Brief introduction of andrew carnegie

Andrew carnegie (1835- 19 19), born in Scotland, is an American industrialist, philanthropist and founder of Carnegie Steel Company. He is praised by the world as "the king of steel" and "the father of American charity".

Carnegie 1865 co-founded Carnegie Coleman Joint Steel Plant; 188 1 year, and established Carnegie Brothers Company with his younger brother Tom; 1892 Carnegie steel company was established.

In July, 2009, Forbes published the list of 15 richest people in American history, and andrew carnegie ranked second with $28 12 billion.

Chinese name: andrew carnegie.

Andrew kanigi

Alias: Carnegie

Nationality: USA

Place of birth: Scotland

Date of birth:1835165438+1October 25th.

Date of death: 19 19 August 1 1.

Occupation: entrepreneur, philanthropist

Main achievements: being praised as the king of steel by the world.

Known by the world as the father of American charity

Masterpiece: Autobiography of andrew carnegie.

The life of the character

A diligent teenager

1835165438+1October 25th, andrew carnegie was born in Danfermline, an ancient Scottish capital.

1848, because life was too hard, Carnegie and his family came to new york Port on the east coast of the United States, and then moved to Pittsburgh. The beginning of immigrant life is also the beginning of his experience of making money. The Carnegie family, who just moved to the United States, lived in poverty and their parents had little income. As a last resort, Carnegie also started social work, working as a child laborer during the day and going to night school at night.

1849, Carnegie came to the David telegraph company in Pittsburgh as a messenger.

1853, Scott, director of the western district of Pennsylvania Railroad Company, hired Carnegie as a private telegraph operator and secretary with a monthly salary of $35.

1859, Carnegie was promoted to the director of the company's western region, with an annual salary of 1500 USD.

1862, Carnegie and several friends established Keystone Bridge Company, and built the first iron bridge across the Ohio River.

1the end of the civil war in April 865 created a lot of opportunities. Carnegie submitted his resignation to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company.

The road to struggle

1in April, 865, after Carnegie resigned, he went to Europe, visited the iron and steel research institute in London, bought the iron and steel patent invented by the Dodds brothers, and also bought the patent for coke washing and reduction. In the same year, Carnegie co-founded Carnegie Coleman United Steel Plant in Pennsylvania.

1873, American economic panic, Carnegie's partner Krugman's father-in-law and his brother sold shares to Carnegie; In the same year, he founded the Jie-Edgar Thomason Steel Plant.

188 1 year, Carnegie realized his childhood dream and founded Carnegie Brothers Company with his younger brother Tom, whose steel output accounts for 1/37 of that of the United States.

1886 In June, Carnegie's younger brother Tom died, and a few days later, Carnegie's mother died of pneumonia.

1888, andrew carnegie bought most of the shares of a steel mill, which was almost as big as his own, and several other steel mills near Pittsburgh. He merged all these companies into Carnegie Limited.

During 1889, director Jones, Carnegie's main assistant, died in a workplace accident, and Andrew Carnegie suffered heavy blows one after another.

1890, Carnegie changed its name to Carnegie Steel Company, and its capital increased to 25 million dollars. He holds more than half of the shares in the company.

1892, Carnegie merged the Carnegie Brothers with two other companies and established Carnegie Steel Company named after itself.

1901February, Carnegie sold Carnegie Steel Company to Morgan for $500 million.

19 19 August 1 1, andrew carnegie died of bronchitis.

Major achievements

Career achievement

/kloc-At the end of 0/9 and the beginning of the 20th century, Carnegie Steel Company has become the largest steel enterprise in the world. It has more than 20,000 employees and the most advanced equipment in the world. Its annual output exceeds the national steel production in Britain, with an annual income of 40 million US dollars.

190 1 year, the steel produced by Carnegie Steel Company has accounted for 25% of the total steel sales in the United States.

Social ranking

In July, 2009, Forbes published the list of 15 richest people in American history, and andrew carnegie ranked second with $28 12 billion.

social activity

190 1 year, Carnegie set up the steel workers' relief and pension fund with 5 million dollars to thank the employees who helped him succeed in his career. Then, in order to help those ambitious and even poor young people, he donated money to build 68 libraries in new york. The construction of this library took 16 years, and he donated120,000 dollars to build 3,500 libraries.

1920, Carnegie founded Carnegie University in his second hometown of Pittsburgh. Later, various schools and educational institutions were established in the United States and Britain. Such donations for the construction of educational facilities amount to $90 million. In the next few years, Carnegie established several more funds. He donated $5 million to set up the "Save Others Fund" and $39 million to set up the "University Professors Retirement Fund" to protect educators' old age. He also set up "Presidential Retirement Fund" and "Writers Fund" to provide financial support for American presidents or writers in their later years. In addition, he has provided 1 1 countries with the "Carnegie Celebrity Fund" and set up the "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace" with100,000 dollars to support people who have made contributions to world peace.

19 1 1 year, Carnegie decided to use the remaining1500,000 US dollars to set up the "Carnegie Company", and let the company personnel represent their donation work.

Personal life

family background

My father, Will Carnegie, made a living by weaving linen plaids by hand, while my mother, Maggie, sewed shoes as a sideline. Although their parents are poor, they are honest and always enterprising. This is a family that has inherited the glorious tradition of pride, self-reliance and self-esteem.

Little Carnegie's grandfather was a cheerful, witty, humorous and indomitable man. As the eldest grandson, Carnegie Jr. was named after his grandfather andrew carnegie. He was proud to have such a grandfather since he was a child, and he was proud that his name accompanied him all his life. His grandfather was a natural speaker, a clever politician and an active local political leader. Maybe it's his ancestors' genes. Carnegie was optimistic and eloquent since childhood, which had a great influence on his life.

sentimentality

1887, Carnegie, who had not been married for more than half a century, and his fiancee who had been engaged for many years walked into the church.

Anecdotes of characters

1892, in Homestead, Pennsylvania, andrew carnegie intended to reduce wages and increase working hours, which triggered a workers' strike. Carnegie's assistant Frick took extreme measures to block the workers' way into the factory with barbed wire fences; /kloc-in July, 2000, he closed the factory in the immigrant area, hired 300 Pinkerton employees, and suppressed the strike by force. At this time, Carnegie chose to travel in Scotland to stay out of it, and the Pinkerton incident became a very disgraceful side of Carnegie's life.

Personality influence

At the beginning of the 20th century, the tariff burden of American consumers became lower, which was mainly attributed to andrew carnegie. One of the biggest disadvantages of high tariff system is that protected cartels will form high production costs. However, Carnegie has never acted like a rational cartel member, although his profits in the industry have always been the highest. But he pays the lowest dividend, reinvests the remaining profits in better factories, has higher mechanization, and the price of output products has dropped even more, which is a good opportunity to expand market share. Every time the market declines, Carnegie's company will expand its market share: in the post-war chaos of railway prices in the late 1990 s of 19. John VI. Gates made it clear in his comments on 1898: Carnegie's brutal price reduction means that the era of "getting high profits with relatively small output" is over; The Illinois Iron and Steel Company led by Gates will have to invest millions of dollars to gain a competitive advantage. Among Americans who want to form business alliances, such as Gates and Elbert Gary, Carnegie is a "defiant person". He is committed to "bringing down all steel enterprises in the United States."

In most of these investment activities, Carnegie's company is at the forefront, setting steel price caps for competitors. 1. Because they reinvest most of their profits, others are forced to follow their example and make similar investments.

In the early days of American steel trade, there were many energetic and creative entrepreneurs, such as cambria and the Fritz brothers of Bethlehem Steel Works, but no one was as persistent, ambitious and destructive as Carnegie. Without Carnegie, the "predecessor" of Bessemer Association-the original American steel cartel-is more likely to maintain a prudent and controllable development strategy; Alexander Hawley's talent may never be fully displayed; People like Gates and Gary may have controlled the industry from the beginning. Simply put, if there is no tariff. The development of American iron and steel industry will be similar to that of Britain. The highly mechanized, large-scale and high-intensity industrial machinery-the symbol of American industrial advancement-will not appear for a long time and will not bring advantages to the United States.

Personality assessment

In the United States, along with the names of chaebol such as Ford, the automobile king, and Rockefeller, the oil king, there is also a "steel king", and he is andrew carnegie. He wrote an indelible page in American industrial history. He conquered the whole steel world and became the largest steel manufacturer in the United States and the richest man in the world. After becoming famous, he returned home in rags and donated almost all his wealth to the society. His donation before his death was huge, comparable to that of Swedish scientist and industrialist Nobel. After his death, he set up the Nobel Prize, thus becoming a hero and a model of personal struggle in the eyes of Americans. (Comment on the appreciation of classic speeches that have influenced world history)

Carnegie occupies a colorful page in American industrial history. He conquered the world with steel, once became the richest man in the United States, and later donated almost all his property to society. Therefore, in the eyes of Americans, he is not only an entrepreneurial hero, but also an entrepreneur with a sense of social responsibility, setting a good example for later American entrepreneurs. (Comments on the second edition of Minimalist American History, which you can't put down)