Spanish economic and trade geography analysis?

Spain is located in the Iberian Peninsula in southwest Europe. It borders the Bay of Biscay in the north, Portugal in the west, Morocco in Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar in the south, France and Andorra in the northeast, and the Mediterranean Sea in the east and southeast. The coastline is about 7800 kilometers long. The territory is mountainous and is one of the alpine countries in Europe. Plateau and mountains alternate with each other, with the national average elevation of 660m, 35% of the country's areas are above 1000m, and the plains only account for 1 1%, making it one of the highest countries in Europe. The main mountain ranges are Cantabria and Pyrenees in the north and morena and Andalusia in the south. The Mullah Peak in the south is 3478 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in China. Climate: Meseta Plateau in the middle has a continental climate, the coastal areas in the north and northwest have a maritime temperate climate, and the southern and southeast have a Mediterranean subtropical climate. The northwest is humid, and the inland and southeast are dry. Natural resources: Spain is rich in metal deposits, with iron ore reserves of 65.438+0.9 billion tons, ranking first in Western Europe; Copper-bearing pyrite reserves 500 million tons, ranking first in the world. Mercury reserves are 700,000 tons, ranking first in the world; There are also rich lead, zinc and copper mines. The forest coverage rate is 30%, with a total area of11more than one million hectares. With Quercus variabilis as the main tree species, the bark can be made into cork, with an annual output of more than 60,000 tons, ranking second in the world in terms of output and export, second only to Portugal. Spain (including islands) has more than 8,000 kilometers of coastline, which provides it with rich fishery resources. The Atlantic coast and the Bay of Biscay are rich in sardines and cod, and the Bay of Biscay is rich in oysters, which is the main area for sea red culture. (2) Spain's climate The Spanish mainland is generally located between 36 and 43 degrees north latitude. Due to the changeable terrain, the climate in Spain is very different. The local climate and the canary islands in Africa are simply two worlds, which cannot be mentioned in the same breath. But in general, most parts of Spain are influenced by the Mediterranean and belong to temperate zone. Except for a few areas, it is not very cold in winter and not very hot in summer, so life is more comfortable. Spain has distinct seasons all year round. The most Leng Yue is 1 to February, and the average temperature is: 8 degrees Celsius to 13 degrees Celsius in the east and south; 2 degrees north latitude to 10 degrees. The hottest month is August, and the average temperature is: 24 to 36 degrees Celsius in the east and south; In the north, it is 16 degrees Celsius to 2 1 degrees Celsius. Because Spain is located in southern Europe, it is influenced by the marine climate on three sides. There are warm and humid air currents from the Mediterranean in the east and south, and monsoon from the Atlantic in the north. In addition, the local geographical environment is complex, with mountains, forests and grasslands, forming their own microclimate. The coastal areas in the north and northwest belong to the maritime temperate climate, with pleasant climate and good vegetation all year round, and have the reputation of "green Spain". The temperature is not high in summer, so it is cool and refreshing. In winter, it snows one after another and the temperature is low. The continental climate in the central plateau is not significant, with dry and little rain, hot in summer and cold in winter, but not strong. Spring and autumn are relatively long, sunny, clear and Wan Li, and the climate is pleasant, which is also suitable for the growth of crops. The southern and eastern regions belong to the Mediterranean subtropical climate, with long sunshine hours and hot summer, with the highest temperature reaching more than 40 degrees; Winter is mild, and there is almost no frost all year round. In addition to the northwest coastal areas, many parts of Spain have a dry climate and are seriously short of water. The annual precipitation is between 500- 1500mm, and less than 500mm in the southeast. Most of the precipitation is in winter. Due to the lack of rain and drought all the year round, dense forests are scarce, and some landlords even have the trend of desertification. (III) Population and Ethnic Groups in Spain According to the results of the 200 1 census conducted by the Spanish Statistics Bureau, the population of Spain increased by 5% in the past 10. From1910, the main ethnic group in Spain was Castilla. Catalans, Galicians and Basques are the most important three of Spain's 20 ethnic minorities. Catalans mainly live in northeastern Spain, and Barcelona is the important town of Catalonia. A few Catalans live in Aragon, and there are about 600,000 people in Germany, Italy, Andorra and other countries. Galicians live in the Galician region in the northwest. Their origins are related to the Portuguese, and they are also very close in culture and language. Abroad, Galicians are mainly concentrated in Argentina, with a total of 975,000 people. Basques are distributed on the west side of the Pyrenees, living in the foothills of Cantabria and along the Bay of Biscay. There are about 300 thousand people abroad, many of whom are in France. Sociologists have so far failed to find the origin of the Basque nation. In these three regions, the national language and Spanish (Castilian) are official languages. Spain's population is aging seriously. Spain has become one of the most livable countries in Europe. With the improvement of living standards, the average life expectancy in 1980 reached 76 years, second only to the Netherlands in Europe. Although it is a traditional Catholic country, influenced by the modern concept of marriage and family, young people tend to marry late, never marry and never have children. The marriage rate of men and women of marriageable age is only about five thousandths, which means that the proportion of cohabitation is huge. At one time in the early 1980s, the number of people getting married decreased by 25% every year. At present, women have an average of 2./kloc-0 children, and the family size has shrunk to about 3 people per household, which is a low level in Europe. However, the divorce rate in Spain is also very low, only 0.5 per thousand. Spain's child mortality rate is also relatively low in Europe, below 1%. A large number of overseas immigrants have also caused the low growth rate of Spain's population, which is the difference between Spain and other western countries. /zd/lx