Zhu Yuanzhang Suzhou immigrants

Although Zhu Yuanzhang is a? Be ruthless and decisive? People, but actually not bad for farmers, especially for those literati? Disdain? For industrial and commercial landlords and consortia, the blow is relatively strong.

Scholar-bureaucrat (in feudal China)

First of all, before answering, let's clarify some questions. First of all, it is well known and undeniable that Zhu Yuanzhang was born as a farmer. Rich people and businessmen are just business people. Maybe people don't know much about literati.

Scholar-officials are the general names of scholars and officials in ancient China society, which began in the Warring States Period. For example, Liu Bang's great-grandfather Liu Qing was a doctor of Wei at the end of the Warring States Period.

Scholar-officials are the direct participants in national politics and the creators and inheritors of social culture and art. Because scholar-officials are also officials, politics is the first priority of this group.

However, because not everyone can go to school in ancient times, these people can also be limited intellectuals, and ancient cultures such as literature, calligraphy, painting, seal cutting and antique collection are also created and passed down by literati groups. To put it bluntly, a scholar-bureaucrat is an official.

What is Zhu Yuanzhang's attitude towards the scholar-bureaucrat group?

At this time, let's take a look. Will Zhu Yuanzhang be polite to officials and educated people? Looking at the history of the Ming Dynasty, we also know that Zhu Yuanzhang would not show mercy to officials and educated people. As can be seen from the four major schools in the early Ming Dynasty, the achievements of founding the country remain the same. A wily rabbit dies, but a running dog cooks? It's over. And literati, during the Hongwu period of Zhu Yuanzhang's period, literary inquisitions appeared one after another, and we can also spy on one or two.

At that time, officials and scholars were careless in their articles, because Zhu Yuanzhang often suspected that they would laugh at themselves in their articles. The bloody smell of literary inquisition makes a large number of scholars tremble with fear.

Zhu Yuanzhang's own cultural level is limited, resulting in a gap, which makes Zhu Yuanzhang have a culture? Colored glasses? Look at it. Zhu Yuanzhang is very sensitive and suspicious of words. He is extremely sensitive to the words thief, coach and baldness, and always suspects that others are scolding him and then killing people.

Examples are as follows:

It is famous that Xu Yikui congratulated Zhu Yuanzhang on his accession to the throne.

Is there a congratulatory message from Professor Xu of Hangzhou? Under the skylight, natural saints rule the world? Zhu Yuanzhang was furious: light? It means no hair. Healthy? With what? Monk? Homophonic means calling me a monk. ? then what With what? Thief? The sound is close, indicating that I have been a rebel thief. ? So he killed Xu Yikui.

Other cases include:

Hanlin edited Gao Qi's poem:? The puppy barks in the air. Who will come to the palace at night? ? The waist was cut off. Zhang Shangli wrote a poem: I was favored by the king in my dream, but I was called by the oriole! ? Go to prison and die. Chen wrote a poem: there is a daughter-in-law in the south of the city who cries for her husband every night? Thrown into the water and drowned. What's in the table of longevity written by Zhao Boning, the discipline of Fu Xue, Beiping? What is the principle of hanging children down? , chop. What's in "With Dong Biao" written by Lin Bojing, a tutor in Fu Xue, Fuzhou? Instrument is the world? , chop. Is there anything in Wu Xianzuo's Li and Sun Taibiao? There is a way in the world? ,? Tao? With what? Steal? Same, cut.

It can be seen from the appeal that Zhu Yuanzhang didn't understand the literati at all? Put it in your eyes? Exploitation or not? Basically, it is direct death, which is equivalent to lifelong deprivation.

However, as can be seen from the above cases, the literary inquisition in Zhu Yuanzhang's period was more inclined to individuals. Different from other emperors, they tend to be literary inquisitions of nationalities and clans. For example, Mencius, a Confucian sage, was suppressed by Zhu Yuanzhang and Mencius was deleted because of his concept of valuing the people over the monarch. And take Mencius from? Altar? Pull up and down.

As can be seen from the above, Zhu Yuanzhang was strict with the literati, which caused the officials at that time to go to court just like going to the execution ground. When I go, I don't know if I can come back, and I am afraid every day. The development of literary inquisition also started from Zhu Yuanzhang.

How did Zhu Yuanzhang treat wealthy businessmen?

Next, look at the rich and businessmen. China was originally a farming society in ancient times, and basically every dynasty was a small-scale peasant society dominated by farming. And does Zhu Yuanzhang know? Hide wealth in the people? Truth, the so-called wealth is to satisfy people's material life, eat enough and wear warm clothes.

If it goes beyond this level, Zhu Yuanzhang will think that it will threaten the stability of the dynasty and become the target of Zhu Yuanzhang's attack. If farmers want to be rich, they can only do business and then become wealthy businessmen. This has also become the target of Zhu Yuanzhang's attack.

There are two main ways for Zhu Yuanzhang to crack down on wealthy businessmen, namely, forced immigration and Luo Zhi charges.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of Suzhou wealthy businessmen were ordered to emigrate to Zhu Yuanzhang's hometown, and even more, they used legal means to sanction and crack down on the so-called wealthy businessmen.

These businessmen are not happy either. If you are not careful, you may be brought to justice by Zhu Yuanzhang. What's the offense? Once convicted, the basic family will be cold, and the property accumulated by the rich will be confiscated. There were many cases against wealthy businessmen in the early Ming Dynasty. Many families and rich people are implicated.

Historical records: Zhu Yuanzhang captured, Sanwu area? Hao Min giant, "well, stop that now? ,? At that time, the rich room either migrated or died, and the sound disappeared. .

As a result, the rich and businessmen avoided Zhu Yuanzhang's attack? Forced? Dedicating wealth to the court is to disperse wealth and protect yourself. But positive contribution also needs to be able to do things, and those who can't do things will not come to a good end. For example, we know that Shen Wansan and Shen Wansan, the richest men in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming Dynasty, made great contributions to the imperial court, such as donating one-third of their capital.

Shen Wansan also don't know how to think, knowing that zhu yuanzhang suspected is very heavy, but also to kill the army. This is not obvious to die! The imperial court, Shen Wansan. Where did he put the court?

According to records, Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and said: An ordinary person should reward the army of the son of heaven. This is a thug and should be killed! ?

Later, under Ma Huanghou's persuasion, Shen Wansan finally escaped the death penalty but was exiled, so he had to devote himself, and finally did nothing.

At least after persuasion, Shen was exiled. It can also be seen from the above that Zhu Yuanzhang dealt a great blow to wealthy businessmen. Industry and commerce were also exploited by Zhu Yuanzhang.

However, the blow to industry and commerce was still beneficial to the Ming Dynasty. First of all, the property of the rich was confiscated, and the economy of the Ming Dynasty came up. It also increases the number of official fields.

How did Zhu Yuanzhang treat farmers?

There were many pro-agriculture policies in the early Ming Dynasty. First of all, businessmen have the lowest political status, which can be seen from the order: scholars, farmers, workers and businessmen. The resources that businessmen can enjoy in life are limited. Then farmers will get more resources.

The policy for ordinary people is to rest first and let them increase their wealth with a tolerant and caring attitude.

Zhu Yuanzhang asked officials to be honest and law-abiding, not to take bribes and bend the law, and to increase the burden on the people. We also recruited farmers in exile, reclaimed wasteland and exempted them from three years of hard labor and taxes. All localities are required to reclaim land and realize food self-sufficiency. Policies to benefit the people, such as building water conservancy projects and rewarding cotton and linen planting.

It can be said that Zhu Yuanzhang, who was born in the countryside, has simple feelings for farmers. Next, let's look at two examples:

Once Zhu Yuanzhang heard a conversation between a eunuch and a policeman.

The eunuch said: the rice tribute is not good, it is too rough. The waiter said: this rice has been selected through many processes and it is very hard. If you don't accept it, you can't go back and explain it to adults. The eunuch said: how can these inferior rice be eaten by the emperor?

Later, when Zhu Yuanzhang knew what happened, he accepted the rice and told the eunuch that it was picked by many people and sent by Qianshan. How can someone else pick it up?

Zhu Yuanzhang also said to the officers: Go back and tell your adults not to overwork the peasants. This meter will do. It is enough to teach local officials to collect taxes and grains in the future. And give a "missionary list" to the officers to get rid of their responsibilities.

Second, there were thousands of riots during Zhu Yuanzhang's period, and it was in Fengyang, Zhu Yuanzhang's hometown. Huang Gang and Gao Feng, who took the lead, were finally captured by officers and men and brought to Zhu Yuanzhang.

Zhu Yuanzhang was very sad when he saw the people in his hometown rebelling, so he asked Gao Feng what he had to say. Gao Feng said disdainfully: You are Zhu Yuanzhang. Like you, I rebelled because I couldn't live any longer. I just don't have your luck. You're just a farmer. It's a shame for Fengyang people to be so kind to your fellow villagers. ? Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and ordered someone to escort him down to the autumn festival and demanded to be beheaded.

Zhu Yuanzhang asked Huanggang again:? What did he mean when he said he couldn't live? ?

Huang Gang said? 1000 people built the city, 100 people starved to death, 100 people died of illness. Is there still vitality in such a day? Aren't you rebelling? ?

Zhu Yuanzhang couldn't help wondering that the fact was that he didn't set aside enough expenses. Huang Gang said? Two thousand households colluded with Shangguan again, and more than half of them were deducted. We can only starve. ?

Zhu Yuanzhang was very sad and said, Why don't you sue the officials? I know I will be severely punished. ?

Huang Gang said a classic sentence at this time:? Why didn't you sue that officer when you rebelled? ? Zhu Yuanzhang was temporarily speechless.

Later, Zhu Yuanzhang personally went to see the construction process of Fengyang City in his hometown and found that things were just as Huanggang said. The fact that officials collude with each other and take bribes and bend the law. Zhu Yuanzhang was very angry, so he asked Prime Minister Hu to re-investigate the matter and go to hell to make compensation.

It can be seen from the above that Zhu Yuanzhang was kind to farmers. Zhu Yuanzhang himself used to be a farmer. Zhu Yuanzhang's heart knows the sufferings of the people very well, knows the hardships of the people and knows what they need.

Many decisions made by Zhu Yuanzhang after he ascended the throne will be considered and made from the standpoint of ordinary people. Many policies have also been introduced to benefit the people.

Zhu Yuanzhang also announced to all courtiers that the principle of recuperation lies in the policy of being lenient with others, but generally speaking, it is not enough to be lenient with others without giving practical benefits to the people, and the benefits must be implemented. ?

Conclusion:

During Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, Zhu Yuanzhang rectified corrupt officials. Many policies have been introduced to benefit the people. Zhu Yuanzhang is a peasant emperor, so Zhu Yuanzhang knows what the people really need, so some policies introduced by Zhu Yuanzhang are good for the people. Although Zhu Yuanzhang did many wrong things, during his reign, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment.

Text/History Mozi Museum

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