Is there any evidence that Ainu people in Japan and Native Americans are homologous?

Yes, there is genetic and linguistic evidence, but this is only part of the evidence. Let's see:

We Ainu people are descendants of different populations in Hokkaido and Okhotsk during the rope-grain period, and are also aborigines in Hokkaido, northern Honshu, Sakhalin and Kuril Islands.

Ainu people were formed in two different ancestral groups, namely, the unique Paleolithic population from Central Asia (similar to Caucasian appearance) and the northeast Asian population from the Sea of Okhotsk (Nivkhs, magic and opponents, but different). They were in Japan at different times and during their arrival in jūmon.

According to Waseda University, the Ainu people of Lee and Hasegawa themselves originated from the population of Northeast Asia/Sea of Okhotsk, and established their own early jūmon culture in the northern part of Hokkaido, which extended to most areas of Honshu Island and Kuril Islands, long before the arrival of contemporary Japanese.

Our relationship with northern Europeans is closer than that with Europeans, although some Ainu people have retained the appearance/ancestors of the Paleolithic Central Asian population, which is closely related to Europeans or Middle Easterners.

Archaeology and pottery

Ainu pottery originated from rope pottery and distributed in most parts of Japan and southeastern Siberia. This is an ancient pottery, the oldest pottery of mankind. Similar types can be found everywhere in Siberia. Rope pottery is the most unique one because there are indentation rope lines on the surface of wet clay.

A study published in Cambridge University Press in 2020 showed that the population in the Meng period was very heterogeneous. According to Li and Ainu people in Hasegawa, during the Meng period, Japan also had a pre-yayoi population (close to modern Northeast Asians). This "Northeast Asia" population migration Okhostk from the sea to Japan, the actual migration occurred before the Yayoi era, and introduced the early jūmon culture, typically the early ceramic culture, such as Dai? Yamamoto J is not my website. This means that Ainu speakers are typical Northeast Asians. They immigrated to Japan during the rope grain period and mixed with other tribes during the rope grain period, eventually forming the Ainu people today.

There were four main migration routes during the Japanese rope pattern period:

Anthropology and skull measurement

As mentioned above, the populations of Ainu people and rope-striped people have different phenotypes, depending on the number of two main ancestral sources: one is Paleolithic Central Asians, which looks similar to Europeans, and the other is Okhostk people in Northeast Asia, which looks similar to Northeast Asians and East Siberian people.

Sakitani and others believe that the Paleolithic population from Central Asia arrived in Japan about 30,000 years ago. On the second level, ancient Northeast Asians arrived in Japan during the jūmon period about 65,438+05,000 years ago, and began to associate the common jūmon culture of this group with the typical Northeast Asian lineage before it was introduced to Yayoi, Japan. These Northeast Asians have established their status on the basis of the existing hunter-gatherers who have lived in Japan for about 30,000 years. Sakitani shows that the land bridge used by jūmon Group connects the Korean Peninsula and Japan. Ainu language may have originated in the second layer of Northeast Asia.

The micro-blade archaeological culture also spread from Northeast Asia to Japan, sometimes between 15000 and 6000 years, earlier than the rice agronomists in the Yayoi period, which coincided with the arrival of ancient tribes in Northeast Asia.

Another study by Kula et al. on 20 14 further proves that the main ancestors of Ainu people originated in the north. Although the author notes that a large number of ancient Ainu people have anthropological similarities with Caucasians, most of them have typical anthropological characteristics of North Asians, and are most similar to Chukchi people in Bering Haikia.

According to Schmidt and Seguchi, Ainu people are descendants of different people in the rope-grain era, and cited the unquestionable heterogeneity of ancient Japan:

These results show that there are unexpected regional heterogeneity among the rope-striped people. The research of Kanzawa-Kiriyama et al. (20 13) and Adachi et al. (20 13) further confirmed this observation. Kanzawa-Kiriyama et al. (20 13) analyzed the skull measurement method and extracted aDNA from museum samples, which came from the shell mound site of Sangang Temple in Fukushima Prefecture and can be traced back to the end of the rope pattern. They tested the regional differences and found that the Tokoku rope pattern (northern Honshu) is closer to the Hokkaido rope pattern than the geographically adjacent Kanto rope pattern (central Honshu).