What kind of dry red wine is better to buy?

Bordeaux dry red wine

Variety: Merlot/Cabernet Sauvignon

Alcohol: 12.5% by volume

Origin: Bordeaux, France

Year: 2008

Grade: bordeaux AOC

Specification: 750ml

Edit this tasting record.

Color: black cherry color

Aroma: Strong aroma with unforgettable soft fruit and smoky smell.

Palate: excellent body, smooth tannins make people memorable.

Suitable drinking temperature: 16- 18℃

Food Matching Suggestion: Suitable for barbecue, white meat, fish, sauced meat and cheese.

Edit this wine France France

Speaking of France, everyone who loves wine is excited, even excited. The most famous wine producing kingdom in the world produces the most different styles of wine in the world. It can even be said that many people will get lost when they walk into the maze of French wine! Even novices are familiar with champagne, Burgundy, Bordeaux and Longhe.

French soil and water endow wine with too many legends, which makes countless people linger here. Even if the world has the same latitude and longitude as France, it is difficult to reproduce the unique flavor of France.

The French people are extremely proud of their unique and changeable climate and soil, and these microclimates have created today's rich and colorful French wines with excellent quality. There is no doubt that France produces the best wine in the world. Every top wine brewed by the French is a model teaching material for winemakers all over the world. Grapes are perfectly integrated with climate, soil, planting, brewing and humanities to produce unparalleled excellent wines.

At present, among the top 100 wines worth collecting and investing in the world, almost 80% which are relished by sommeliers come from France. With such impressive achievements, the new and old wine world has undoubtedly brought France the top laurel in the wine world.

France is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Mediterranean Sea in the south and the Alps in the east. There are many rivers and valleys in China, which have caused countless changeable microclimates and microenvironments. Based on hundreds of years of experience in planting and brewing, the French summarized the most suitable grape varieties and the most suitable brewing methods in each region, and brewed unparalleled wine.

Therefore, many grape varieties that are popular all over the world today originated in France. It is also said that if you know French wine, you will know almost half of the wines in the world, which is not unreasonable. From 65438 to 0936, France established the first set of the most perfect wine laws and origin protection system in the world at that time, which was used to maintain the traditional characteristics of wine flavors in various regions, standardize wine quality and maintain the traditional status of wine. This system has also been used for reference by Spain, Italy, Portugal and other European countries. Some new world countries, such as the United States and Australia, have also begun to emphasize the characteristics of producing areas in recent years, rather than just distinguishing wines by varieties.

10 famous French wine producing areas

Main producing areas of France 10: Ch a m p a g n e (CHA MPA G N E), A l s a c e (A L S A C E), L O I R E V A L E(L O I R E V A L E), Burgundy, Jura etSavoie, Rhone Valley, Bord E A U X, Southwest China, languedoc-Lu Xiong, and so on.

The main producing area of 10 mentioned here is not because France only has the main producing area of 10, but 10 is easier to shout and the numbers are complete and easy to remember, so it is called away.

France 10 major producing areas, each with its own unique climate and soil, produce different and wonderful wines. In the list of famous wines in the old and new world, this 10 producing area is well-known and has unlimited scenery. Champagne producing area is the hometown of the best sparkling wine in the world, Alsace producing area is famous for its aromatic and high-quality white wine, Loire Valley producing area is known as "the back garden of France", Burgundy producing area has lofty land spirit, Jura producing area is famous for the best yellow wine in the world, Longgu producing area is full of passion, Bordeaux producing area is full of aristocratic atmosphere, Southwest producing area is known as Little Bordeaux, Languedoc-roussillon producing area is the largest table wine producing area in France, Provence.

French wine classification:

French wine can be divided into four grades: legal regional wine (AOC), excellent regional table wine (VDQS), regional table wine (Vin de Pays) and daily table wine. Besides, every region, such as Bordeaux and Burgundy, has its own local grading system.

Name of origin (AOC):

AOC is the highest grade of French wine. Since the establishment of 1936, there are more than 400 legal producing areas, accounting for half of the country's output. Each AOC producing area will clearly stipulate its grape varieties, minimum alcohol content, maximum yield, planting methods, pruning and winemaking methods. And you need to pass the official analysis, testing and tasting to get the AOC certificate. It is this very strict specification that ensures the consistent excellent quality and traditional flavor of AOC-class wines. In France, every big producing area is divided into many small producing areas. Generally speaking, the smaller the producing area, the higher the quality of wine. Although AOC has played an important role in protecting the characteristics of producing areas, it is not perfect. Its designated grape varieties and brewing methods stifled the creativity of some wine farmers. For example, in the Nanlonghe region of France, the top red wine brewed with Cabernet Sauvignon can only be classified as a regional table wine, just because Cabernet Sauvignon is not the designated grape variety of Nanlonghe AOC. The appellation CONTROLEE refers to the legal production area, referred to as AC. Usually place names are added to these two words, that is, the name of origin (origin e). For example, Bordeaux region or Burgundy region, Burgundy region refers to the AC-class wines of Bordeaux or Burgundy.

Excellent regional table wine (VDQS):

This grade is established by 1949, which is slightly lower than AOC, so the restrictions on yield and variety will be looser than AOC. Before upgrading to AOC, some producing areas will give VDQS grade first, and then upgrade after several years. Interestingly, some wineries are happy to stay at this level and don't want to upgrade to AOC, so as not to have strict restrictions on the grape varieties and brewing methods used and affect their own brewing characteristics. Some wineries with excellent quality also have the feeling that "it is better to be a chicken head than a phoenix tail". This grade of wine is relatively rare, accounting for only about 65,438+0% of French production. However, before marking VDQS on the label, it still needs to go through official tasting analysis.

Wine payment:

This level is based on 1979. At that time, its main purpose was to improve the quality of ordinary table wine in this area. Now it is a cheap wine, which is deeply loved by local consumers. At present, there are about 150 regional wine producing areas in France, accounting for about 20% of the total output. Among them, Vin de Pay d'Oc in the south of France is famous, where the climate is hot and the brewed wine is full and compact, which has attracted more and more global attention. The variety of regional table wine is usually marked on the label, which is simple and clear.

Vin de table:

Ordinary table wine is the lowest grade among French wines, accounting for about 30% of the total output. It can be brewed with grapes from all over France, and there is no restriction on grape variety and yield. It is the cheapest French wine. Part of it is used for distillation because of its average quality.

Wine history wine history

Speaking of the history of wine, it is longer than recorded human beings! When the first grape falls, the history of wine begins. We can always find traces of wine from a large number of murals, slates, papyrus and other evidence, and wine is an indispensable part of many religious ceremonies recorded in Greek characters; In the Bible, wine is also mentioned many times.

The first thing that attracts people's attention is not its fragrance, but its efficacy. At the earliest time, wine was a good medicine and a disinfectant, which could make people get rid of diseases and prolong life. With the development of human civilization, other functions of wine have also appeared: it gives people comfort and courage, gets rid of mental fatigue, eliminates the fear of war and inner loneliness; Can be used with food, is a delicious seasoning, is an accessory on the table, so that the taste of food is more delicious; It is also used to show off wealth and is the best social propellant in the upper class; As an emissary of cultural exchange and trade, he spread the worship of God and nature in religious ceremonies.

Edit this earliest history:

Historians generally believe that wine originated at the foot of the Caucasus Mountains in Transcaucasia, which is now Armenia (Armenia and Georgia in the former Soviet Union). Archaeologists found and proved by charcoal dating that the oldest artificially planted grapes appeared in Armenia and Georgia in the former Soviet Union, about 7000-5000 BC.

Subsequently, wine was introduced into the Middle East with the migration of immigrants. At first, it was located in Mesopotamia between the ancient Tigris River and the Euphrates River. It was Sumerian civilization at that time, and Sumerians brought wine here and settled here. Later, it was introduced into the vast agricultural areas of the Nile valley in the Persian Gulf. The early civilization in this area (4000-3000 BC) promoted the growth of grapes. With the prosperity of the city-state, the primitive agricultural tribes gradually disappeared, and the ancient maritime peoples with territorial ambitions, from the earliest Phoenicians (now Syria) to the later Greeks and Romans, spread the knowledge of grape tree species and wine-making to the Mediterranean and even the whole European continent.

The Greeks, full of expansion ambitions, vigorously developed the navy to protect their territory and brought vines to Marseille, Italy and France. They call Italy "Onotlia", which means the land of wine. Greek can still be found in the names of many Italian grape varieties. Wine plays an important role in Greek culture, and wine and olive oil are still the two main export commodities of Greece. Rome expanded more violently than Greece. Wherever the army went, it planted vines, because wine was their indispensable food. Grape planting and wine-making technology quickly spread to France, Spain, North Africa and the Rhine Valley of Germany with the horseshoe of Roman army, and formed a large scale. Since17th century, these areas are still important grape and wine producing areas.

After the Middle Ages:

The Roman Empire perished in the 5th century A.D., and the Christian monasteries in the divided Western Roman Empire (France, northern Italy and parts of Germany) recorded the process of grape harvest and wine making in detail. These records record in detail all kinds of grape varieties that are most suitable for planting in specific agricultural areas. In France at that time, Benedictine was the most influential church among many churches, and wine was of great significance to them: wine was a necessity for mass, and there was no drinking water at that time. Wine is an indispensable food in daily life, and wine can be bought and sold in exchange for taxes. At that time, the Benedictine Church had more than 65,438+0,000 churches in Europe, and they left a lot of literature on grape cultivation techniques.

One of their branches, Xiduohui, believes that people's labor, especially farm work, is a form of devotion, and they believe that self-sufficiency can sublimate the soul. At that time, the status of the church was extremely lofty. At that time, many big landlords and rich peasants thought that donating land was a way of atonement, which could free the soul forever. Therefore, missionaries seized the opportunity and gained a lot of valuable land resources. They use a lot of valuable land to grow grapes. Today, the famous manors in Burgundy all benefited from the "enclosure movement" at that time. For example, Charlemagne, who ruled the Western Roman Empire from 768 to 8 14, foresaw the prospect of vineyards from southern France to northern Germany. Ke Tong-Charlemagne, the top vineyard in the famous Burgundy producing area, was once an industry of the church.

So far:

At the end of 15 and the beginning of 16, Spanish and Portuguese naval armada brought vines to South America. Britain, France and Spain set foot on the land of North America and brought the vines here. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, the Netherlands planted vines in South Africa. /kloc-At the end of 0/8, the British shipped the vines to Australia. The history of wine development is also a living history of immigration, and in a sense, it also records the history of human aggression. At the end of 19, the most important event in the history of grape cultivation happened. During the American War of Independence, France was recognized as the largest wine producer at that time. Thomas Jefferson (the drafter of the American Declaration of Independence) once talked enthusiastically about wine grades in his letters to friends, and also encouraged the transplantation of European grape varieties to the New World. Most of these early attempts to plant and harvest grapes in American colonies ended in failure. However, during the exchange and transplantation of American native tree species and European tree species, a pest that did great harm to the vines was inadvertently brought to Europe, resulting in grape nodule aphid disease at the end of 19, which destroyed most vineyards in Europe.

However, if there is anything to be thankful for in this catastrophe, it is that the destruction of vineyards has promoted the development of new agricultural technologies, the redistribution of European wine-making territory, the introduction of new wine laws, the prevention of counterfeiting and the assurance of the authenticity of legal producing areas. Since the beginning of this century, the development of agricultural technology has enabled winemakers everywhere to protect crops from common attacks such as mold and animal pests. The process of grape cultivation and wine brewing has gradually become scientific. At the same time, extensive legislation has been made in this century to encourage the manufacture of wine with good reputation and good quality. With the rise of emerging wine producing countries, such as Australia, the United States, Chile, Argentina, New Zealand and China, more high-quality and distinctive wines have emerged. The world of wine has never been so lively as it is today, and it is getting more and more exciting.