Father of Turkey, but not a Turk! Kemal: a patriot who destroyed his own culture

1997 12. Erdogan, then the mayor of Istanbul, quoted an ancient Ottoman poem in his public speech:

"The steeple is our sword, the dome is our helmet, the mosque is our barracks, and the believers are ours ..."

Before his speech was over, several secret policemen rushed out of the crowd and dragged him away. Erdogan, who was dragged, shouted: "This poem has not been finished yet!"

Later, Erdogan was sentenced to four months in prison for "anti-secular crimes".

Because this poem, as early as a few decades ago, was designated as "forbidden poetry." And the judge of this poem is the founding father of Turkey:

Kemal.

No politician is perfect, even if he has a perfect name. Because politics itself is a trade-off, and some people will always call it the abandoned one.

Kemal means "perfection" in Turkish

The father of Turkey has been exploring the modernization road of Turkey all his life, and the road he found is "Kemalism".

Before the rise of Erdogan, "Kemalism" was regarded as "perfection", and any political attempt to deviate from Kemalism would be blocked by the military with the power of thunder.

Kemal died in 1938, but the ghost of Kemal still lingers over Turkey.

Until 196 1, Adnan Mendels, the former Turkish Prime Minister, still smiled bitterly on the gallows: Kemal killed me.

Even then, Kemal had been dead for 23 years.

Finally, in the middle of the night at 1960, the army rushed into his official residence, arrested him and gave him three feet of white silk.

The army is the successor of Kemalism and the supervisor of secularization in Turkey.

Mendres is not the first Turkish leader to encounter a military coup. Forty-six years later, a successor prime minister who regarded Mendres as an idol suffered the same military coup. But this time, he defeated the ghost of Kemal. This man is Erdogan.

Kemal's ghost Kemalism also strung up Kemal's life.

Kemal is the father of Turkey, but he is not a Turk himself, but a descendant of European Albanian immigrants.

Kemal is not "perfect" either. He drank too much and eventually died. He advocated pacifism, but he was re-elected as President of the Republic of China indefinitely, dictatorial all his life; He betrayed his childhood cousin Fickley, who committed suicide.

In recent years, he began to fall from the altar, and people only saw the true face of Kemal: he was a patriot, but he eradicated his own culture with his life; He is a pragmatist, but in order to defend his ideological system, he does not hesitate to spend money;

He pursues the "perfect" strategy of governing the country, but he has been making choices all his life.

188 1 12 In March, Kemal was born in Thessaloniki, Ottoman Empire.

At that time, the Ottoman Empire was tottering, and the sound of dusk and minarets enveloped the empire, just like hundreds of years ago, but it had a strange echo in the Aegean Sea.

Kemal's real name is Mustafa, which means "victory". However, when he was in Mrs. Fatma's district primary school, the name was the same as that of the math teacher. In order to avoid taboo, the teacher gave him a new name: Kemal, which means "perfect".

In the darkness, this also shaped the pragmatic background of his character: only victory can be perfect.

Military politics is the tradition of the Ottoman Empire, and martial arts is the ideal way out for middle-class children. 1895, Kemal entered Manasti Military Preparatory School as he wished, and began his military career. From 65438 to 0899, he entered the Istanbul Military Academy and began a turning point in his life.

It was in the military academy that he came into contact with the western revolutionary thoughts, and the works of French sages such as Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu, as well as the patriotic poems of Namco Kemal, awakened him.

"There is no civilization, only barbarism! The greed and brutality of feudal lords, the depth of national oppression and the brutal backwardness of Sudan (Ottoman monarch) autocracy! "

Only westernization has hope. Since then, Kemal has changed from a soldier in Sudan to a just man who rebelled against Sudan.

If history can draw a horizontal line, we will be surprised to find how similar the two old empires are at both ends of Asia in the19th century-weak countries, political corruption, backward culture and ignorant people.

Revolution is the only way to break this situation. Kemal was a revolutionary.

In the military academy, he and like-minded students organized secret revolutionary groups, ran handwritten tabloids and wrote articles to expose Sudan's dark autocratic rule.

1902 entered Haber Staff University. 1905 graduated and was awarded the rank of captain.

This year, underground worker Kemal was arrested for participating in political activities. After that, he was sent by Sultan Abdul Hamit II to serve in the Fifth Military Camp in Damascus. After that, he was sent by Sudan to guard the border and grew up in the war. However, with outstanding military achievements, he was promoted repeatedly. 19 15 years, he has been a colonel.

It was also this year that a battle laid the foundation for his later brilliant life. This is the famous battle of Garipoli.

For the Ottoman Empire, the battle of gallipoli was almost a losing battle. Because the empire facing the sunset is facing an empire that never sets: Britain.

No one expected that this general, who is famous for criticizing Sudan, actually repelled the landing attacks of British, Australian, New Zealand, French, Indian and Newfoundland troops, and photographed the sun under the empire heavily below the coastline.

1965438+In August, 2006, Kemal won the titles of "Savior of Istanbul" and "Pasha", which was famous all over the country and had a great influence in Europe. Later, he was appointed commander of the Second Army Corps and promoted to general.

According to the tradition of the Ottoman Empire, he has become a very important figure, and even the Sudan should respect him for three points.

However, the general trend of history will not be reversed by individuals. The Ottoman Empire, even if it survives dusk, can't escape the sunset.

Kemal didn't give up his revolutionary ideal because of his exploits.

19 19, he was appointed as the inspector general of the 9th army stationed in samson, responsible for the demobilization of the remaining Turkish troops and the maintenance of public order. Using this identity, he began to unite various nationalist resistance forces and form a national army.

1920, Britain still occupied Istanbul. Later, the British Empire arrested parliamentarians and forced Sudan to dissolve the National Assembly, and the death knell of the Ottoman Empire sounded.

Seeing the country fall, Kemal decided to start a new stove. Then, he called the Grand National Assembly in Ankara, announced the formation of an interim government representing the country, and served as the chairman of the newly established Grand National Assembly, refusing to recognize the Sevres Treaty signed by the Sudan. However, the steps taken by the western powers to carve up the Ottoman Empire have already taken place, and there is no other way but to fight.

The first "fish in troubled waters" in Greece. Kemal also ushered in the battle for survival: the battle of Sakaria River.

1921August, Kemal became the commander-in-chief of the national army, and personally commanded the national army to conduct a strategic decisive battle with the Greek army on the Sakarya River, 80 kilometers away from Ankara. In this battle, if Kemal loses, Turkey will completely dissipate in the dust of history.

He knew it was a life-and-death battle.

In this battle, he was interrupted by stray bullets, but he was still bandaged and calmly commanded. Finally, the weak defeated the strong and defeated the main force of the Greek army. In the end, he won miserably.

A month later, amid overwhelming applause, Kemal was awarded the title of "Ghazi" (the winner) by the Grand National Assembly and promoted to marshal.

When people call him Mustafa, he can't tell whether people are praising victory or calling him by his childhood name.

In other words, Mustafa is victory and Kemal is Turkey.

Many years later, Turkish historians will still call this battle of Sakaria River the war of founding a country. In fact, Kemal has been the father of our country since the First World War.

1 922165438+1October1,the grand national assembly adopted a resolution to abolish the Sultanate system. 1923, the Republic of Turkey was formally established, and Kemal was subsequently elected as the first president of the Republic. Turkey has entered the Kemal era since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and Kemal's ideological system brewed from the military school period has finally been implemented in the motherland.

Many fundamental ideas of Kemalism began in the late Ottoman Empire, and its starting point was to avoid the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Kemalism is based on Qiang Bing, a rich country, so realism and pragmatism are its core.

From a practical point of view, with Westernization as the core, Kemalism contains six basic theories: harmony replaces the monarchy of the former Ottoman Empire, populism disintegrates the traditional elite forces, secularism removes the influence of Islamic culture, revolutionary socialism replaces the ideology left by the Ottoman Empire, and nationalism unites the Turkish people.

However, it has also been pointed out that Kemalism is actually a tool for Kemal to monopolize power and the basis for Kemal to deify himself.

However, under the background at that time, Kemalism did resist the political control of chiefs, tribal leaders and Islam, organized Turks in the post-Ottoman Empire, created a nation-state, and saved the crisis of "the sick man of West Asia".

At the beginning of the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, Kemal said in the declaration: "Let Turkey return to the pre-caliphate era".

It's just that he didn't think that 80 years later, the glory of Turkey in the era of caliphate and Sudan was very attractive to Turks.

An anti-Kemalism road is beginning.