Why Mars is not suitable for human habitation?

On August 27th, Beijing time 17: 08, the distance between Mars and the Earth was less than 55.76 million kilometers, which was the closest distance between Mars and the Earth for more than 50,000 years, and it was also the best time for human beings to observe Mars in history. To this end, the International Planetary Association named August 27th as "World Mars Day".

However, on the occasion of "World Mars Day", although astronomy enthusiasts are thinking about how to seize the golden opportunity to have a good look at Mars? But for more people, I still don't understand why humans bother Mars so far away from the Earth. Is it to develop resources on Mars that the earth does not have? It takes nearly two years for the Earth and Mars to make a round trip, and the cost of space transportation is unimaginable? Are you looking for Martians or immigrating to Mars, the planet most like the Earth in the solar system, which has not found the rich atmosphere and water on which life depends? Or is it to study the evolution of planets, prevent the future earth from becoming Mars, and let human beings live on the earth forever? In order to guide you to observe Mars on World Mars Day and solve the mystery of Mars. Sohu News Center specially invited members of China Popular Science Writers Association and China Astronomical Society. On August 27th, Li Liang, deputy editor-in-chief of Astronomy Enthusiast magazine of Beijing Planetarium, visited Sohu 12.

4. Why should humans disturb Mars, which is so far away from the earth that it is not suitable for life? According to the theory of celestial evolution, the earth is doomed to perish. In another 3 billion years, the sun will become a red giant, devouring the earth first and then Mars. Humans should flee to Mars and live for hundreds of millions to billions of years before the sun engulfs the earth at a high temperature of several thousand degrees. And then escape from mars. Humans can transform Mars for hundreds of years to make it suitable for human habitation.

Netizen: Is there oxygen on Mars?

Li Liang: Mars is mainly carbon dioxide, accounting for 95%, nitrogen accounting for 2.7%, and oxygen accounting for 1.6%, which already accounts for a lot. About oxygen on the earth? -%,the oxygen in Himalayas accounts for about 18%.

Moderator: If you want to send people directly to Mars, you can't live without oxygen.

Li Liang: If you can't live, you will freeze to death.

Moderator: What is the purpose of our study of Mars now? Some people say it's emigrating to Mars, others say it's studying aliens. But Mars is not suitable for life at present?

Li Liang: As a scientist, it is meaningful to study some physical conditions of Mars and its evolution history for studying the evolution of the solar system, because Mars is the planet closest to and most like the Earth except Venus. Also called Pocket Earth, although the average temperature of Mars is minus 60 degrees, it can be improved by thickening the atmosphere of Mars. It is impossible to immigrate to the moon. The conditions on the moon are too bad. It has no water and no atmosphere.

It is not completely denied that there is no water on Mars. Recently, British and American scientists have written special works on the first step of establishing a camp on Mars. The United States conducted the Biosphere 2 experiment in the desert a few years ago, and it survived for a long time without outside support, including planting plants. This method can be applied to Mars. Planting seeds of various plants on the earth can change the environment.

Netizen: Since it has been confirmed that there is no life on Mars, what is the need for research?

Li Liang: If the atmosphere thickens, it will keep warm, so the surface temperature of Mars will rise, not minus 60 degrees, and it may reach minus 10 degrees, or above zero 10 degrees. A British scientist said that if Mars can reach minus 10 degrees, it can be turned into an oasis. It will take hundreds or thousands of years to change into this. It will take a long time to build an investigation station, stop dozens of people and immigrate in large numbers.

Netizen: Is there a lot of ice available at the poles of Mars?

Li Liang: That's carbon dioxide dry ice, not water ice. Ice needs to be transformed before it can become water. There is a special book on this matter, which is a big project.

Moderator: It is better to protect the earth than to transform Mars. Is it possible for the earth to become Mars in the future?

Li Liang: That's far away, billions of years later. According to the evolution theory of the sun, because the sun is a large nuclear reactor, four hydrogens are continuously polymerized into one helium every day. In another three billion years, the sun may become a red giant, the sun will expand bit by bit, and the surface temperature will be very high, which will affect the surrounding celestial bodies.

Mercury, Venus, then the earth, and finally Mars are closest to the sun.

Moderator: Should we swallow the Earth or Mars first?

Li Liang: Earth, of course.

Moderator: Do you think that the development of science and technology may stop the evolution of the earth from birth to death, and it is possible to artificially extend the life of the earth?

Li Liang: That's impossible. Everything has an evolutionary process of birth, aging, illness and death. This is the dialectics of materialism.

Compere: You said that human will leave the earth one day?

Li Liang: Right, so based on this consideration, if there are 2.5 billion years left, the earth will really die. Before that, we have made full preparations to immigrate to Mars. At that time, there won't be 6 billion people like the earth. They must be intelligent people who go to Mars to survive.

Compere: If we spend so much money on renovation, how many years do you think we may stay on Mars after the death of the earth?

Li Liang: There is no problem staying for hundreds of millions or billions of years.

Netizen: I think when the earth is not running, the life span of our brother Mars is similar.

Li Liang: I made a rough prediction based on the theory of celestial evolution. Because I was chatting with netizens, there was no accurate calculation. Because everything depends on the sun, which determines the fate of the earth. According to the existing theory, the sun will become a red giant in 3 billion years, and its volume will expand and even devour the earth. Now we still have 3 billion years, so we can seize the time to study. For example, by the 2 billionth year now, the earth's environment is really failing, because the sun's fire has burned to Venus, and the earth has been badly baked, so if we can escape to Mars before that, there will be at least one billion years and two billion years on Mars. This is calculated according to the evolution speed of the sun.

Moderator: There is also a saying that in the future, with the weakening of the sun's rays and the weakening of the earth's energy, the earth may become Mars.

Li Liang: This is also an opinion. With the change of the sun, after 5 billion years, the red giant will gradually shrink and become a white dwarf. Under the great gravity, it will become a cold space stone without light and heat.

Netizen: The red giant star is a dying planet.

Li Liang: Not death, but death. Its temperature is very high.

Netizen: Will the earth become a red giant?

Li Liang: The earth will not become a red giant, because it is a planet, and it must be a star to become a red giant. A star is a celestial body that glows and heats itself. A star is a distant sun, which goes round and round with thermonuclear reactions.