Seven-grade geography book volume 2 Australian knowledge points

Grasp the concept of time and study the geography knowledge of grade seven seriously. I sorted out the knowledge points of the seventh grade geography book, hoping to help everyone!

Knowledge points in the seventh grade geography book: Australia (capital: Canberra)

Location; Latitude position: south of the equator where the Tropic of Capricorn passes? Tropical and southern temperate zones; Southern hemisphere, Eastern hemisphere. Location of land and sea: it faces the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Indian Ocean in the west and Asia across the sea in the north.

First, the natural environment:

1, terrain: east: Dashan watershed; Central: Plain great artesian basin; West: Plateau

2. Climate P76

3. River: murray river (the largest river)-originated from the great watershed; From northeast to southwest, into the Indian Ocean.

Second, three reputations:

1, World Museum of Living Fossils: Tens of millions of years ago, Australia separated from other continents. For a long time, the natural conditions are relatively simple, the evolution of animals is slow, and there is no intrusion by large carnivores. Many strange primitive animals were born and multiplied to this day.

Endemic animals are kangaroos, emus, koalas, platypus and so on.

2. The country riding on the back of sheep: Australia has the most sheep and exported wool in the world.

(1), topography and agriculture and animal husbandry: the western part is a vast low plateau with an altitude of less than 1000 meters, and the central part is a large plain with abundant groundwater and excellent grassland, and there are no large carnivores, so it is suitable for grazing in an open fence.

(2) Climate and agriculture and animal husbandry: The central, western and northern parts of Australia have a vast tropical desert climate and a hot grassland climate, which is relatively dry and suitable for livestock wintering and breeding. The southeast is hot and rainy in summer and mild and humid in winter; Southwest China is mild and humid in winter and hot and dry in summer, which is suitable for both animal husbandry and agriculture. Therefore, mixed agriculture has been developed in these areas. P76 Activity 1, (2), 2, (3).

3. Country by car: Australia is rich in mineral resources, with a variety of mineral reserves in the forefront of the world (iron ore) and developed mining industry.

City, population distribution; Concentrated on the southeast coast.

Reason: the climate in the southeast is warm and humid, which is suitable for human habitation; There are many good ports in the southeast with convenient external transportation; The southeast is economically developed; Southeast is the place where immigrants landed the earliest and developed earlier.

Capital: Canberra Industrial Center, the largest port: Melbourne, the second largest city in Sydney.

Knowledge points of seventh grade geography books (1)

Japan

Location: It belongs to East Asia and is an island country in the Pacific Northwest. It borders the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Sea of Japan and the Korean Strait in the west, China, South Korea, North Korea and Russia in the east sea, and the Sea of Okhotsk in the north.

Japan's territory is long and narrow from north to south, and it intersects the longitude line obliquely. Most of Japan is between 23 on and 46 on, with wide latitude and longitude, which will make Japan's territory

The physical environment is more complex and diverse. For example, the latitude is wide, the temperature difference between north and south in Japan is large, the longitude is wide, and the time difference between east and west is large.

2. Composition: It consists of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, among which Honshu Island is the largest.

(Find the locations and names of the oceans and islands in the composition in Figure 7.2 on page 18 of this book, and remember them.)

The coastline is tortuous and there are many excellent harbors. Kobe and Yokohama are the two largest foreign trade ports in Japan, which are very beneficial to Japan's fishery, shipbuilding, maritime transportation and foreign economic ties.

3. Topography: mainly mountainous areas and hills, with narrow plains.

Mount Fuji is a symbol of Japan, an active volcano and the highest peak in China. The cherry trees at the foot of the mountain form a forest with charming scenery. The largest plain is Kanto.

Simple.

Fourth, there are many volcanoes and earthquakes. Known as? Earthquake country? And then what? World Volcano Museum?

Reason: it is located at the junction of the Asia-Europe plate and the Pacific plate, that is, the volcanic seismic belt around the Pacific Ocean.

5. Climate; Temperate and subtropical monsoon climate.

Climate characteristics: (with maritime characteristics), it is warm in winter, cool in summer, rich in precipitation, and there are many typhoons along the Pacific coast in summer.

6. Economic type: processing trade economy (? Import processing and export? Type economic model). With the rapid economic development, Japan imports a large number of raw materials and fuels, and then relies on high technology and sufficient labor resources to process the imported raw materials into high-quality industrial products, which are then sold all over the world, forming an economy dominated by processing trade. The foreign trade targets are mainly the United States, China and Europe.

Features: Rely heavily on foreign countries, import raw materials and fuels, and export industrial products.

National conditions: lack of resources and narrow domestic market.

● The disadvantages of Japan's economic development. Japan is a small country with poor mineral resources such as iron ore, oil and coal, and most of them rely on imports. The domestic market is small, and most products are exported.

● Advantages of Japan's economic development: A. Island countries have many harbors and convenient shipping; B, the quality of labor force is high; C advanced technology and high management efficiency.

● Advantages and disadvantages of Japanese economy: Japan's economy is heavily dependent on foreign countries. The beneficial effect is to promote the rapid improvement of Japan's scientific and technological level and the improvement of labor quality, thus making Japanese industrial products more competitive in the international market; The adverse impact is the occurrence of the world economic crisis, which will inevitably cause heavy losses to the Japanese economy.

Seven. Distribution of industrial zones:

● Distribution characteristics: concentrated in the Pacific coast and Seto Inland Sea coast. Reason: It is convenient to import raw fuel and export products.

● Owners of major industrial zones: Keihin Industrial Zone centered on Tokyo and Yokohama, Nagoya Industrial Zone centered on Nagoya, and Osaka and Kobe.

Household-centered Hanshin Industrial Zone, Setouchi Industrial Zone and Kitakyushu Industrial Zone with Kitakyushu as the main area are listed in Volume 23.

Page Figure 7. 13 Search and Memory)

● Japan has accelerated the expansion of overseas investment and established overseas production and sales bases. The main targets of Japanese investment in building factories are the United States, Western Europe, East Asia and Southeast Asia. Benefits: ① Use cheap resources and cheap labor in developing countries to reduce production costs; (two) to participate in international economic and technological cooperation and international market competition; (3) protect the national natural resources, slow down the consumption of resources and protect the national resources; ④ Reduce the input of transportation cost. Impact on other countries: ① Japan's relocation of heavily polluting enterprises overseas will pollute the environment of other countries and lead to a decline in environmental quality; (2) Japan has a strong awareness of protecting its own resources from its own interests, but importing a large amount of wood or overfishing in the ocean will lead to serious damage to the resources of other countries and regions in the world, which will lead to global ecological environment imbalance.

8. Culture: The national composition is single, and Yamato is the main one, which has both the traditional color of Yamato and the rich modern flavor, and is a typical example of the compatibility of eastern and western cultures.

Knowledge points of seventh grade geography books (2)

Russia

1, geographical location: Russia has a high latitude, and most of it is located in the north temperate zone. European countries across the Eurasian continent: Although the area of Europe is only 1/4, its population accounts for 3/4. Industry, agriculture, capital and major cities are all located in Europe and have always been the political, economic and cultural centers of the country in history. So it has always been recognized as a European country. ), also across the eastern and western hemispheres. It faces the Baltic Sea in the west, the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east, and North America across the Bering Strait and the Black Sea in the southwest. The main neighboring countries are Finland, Belarus and Ukraine in the west and Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea in the south.

2. Russia is the largest country in the world, with the longest distance from east to west and the widest longitude across Asia and Europe.

3. Climate type and characteristics: temperate continental climate is dominant, and climate characteristics: long and cold winter and short and warm summer. There are great differences among regions, with cold polar climate in the north, Mediterranean climate and temperate grassland climate in the south and temperate monsoon climate in the east.

(Find out the following knowledge points in Figure 7.45 of Book 4 1 page, and remember the location:)

5. Terrain: relatively flat, mainly plain.

From west to east, it is: Eastern Europe Plain, Western Siberia Plain, Central Siberia Plateau, Eastern Siberia Mountain,

Mountains: Ural Mountains, the Great Caucasus Mountains.

6. Rivers and lakes: The Volga River is the longest river in Europe. It is called Mother Volga and flows into the Caspian Sea. Rich in water power, it is the most important inland waterway, called. Navigation between the five seas? ; Ob river, Yenisei and Lega rivers are rich in energy and have a long freezing period. Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.

Find out the following knowledge points in Figure 7.48 on page 44 of the book, and remember the location:

7. Resources: Russia is rich in natural resources and reserves. It is one of the few big countries in the world that can be self-sufficient. The main minerals are: oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore, non-ferrous metals and so on. The main mining areas are: Kursk Iron Mine, Tyumen Oilfield, Second Baku Oilfield and Kuzbas Coal Mine.

8. Russia has the largest coniferous forest in the sub-frigid zone in the world, so it is rich in forest resources.

9. Industrial characteristics: heavy industry is developed, while consumer goods manufacturing (light industry) develops slowly.

10, industry distribution: mainly distributed in Europe.

The main industrial zones are: St. Petersburg Industrial Zone, Moscow Industrial Zone, Ural Industrial Zone and Novosibirsk Industrial Zone.

1 1. Transportation: Russia has a complete transportation department, with developed railways, highways, aviation, inland rivers and pipelines, mainly railways. Russia's railway network in Europe is very dense, radiating from Moscow; The Asian railway network is sparse, and there is a railway across Asia and Europe called? Eurasian Continental Bridge? This part of Russia is called trans-siberian railway.

12, two main modes of transportation: road and railway; Russian passenger transport is mainly by railway and highway, and freight transport is mainly by pipeline and railway; Pipeline transportation is a new mode of transportation that combines lines and means of transportation, mainly transporting oil and natural gas. )

13. Why is Abel Railway built along the southern mountainous area? The first reason is that the southern mountainous areas are rich in mineral resources. Secondly, because of the high latitude, cold all the year round and low temperature in northern Russia, the frozen soil layer is deep. It is difficult to build a railway on frozen soil, and the safety factor is low.

14. Find out the following main ports in Figure 7.50 on page 46 of this book:

Murmansk (an ice-free port north of the Arctic Circle), St. Petersburg (Russia's second largest city and major port, near the Baltic Sea) and Vladivostok (also known as Vladivostok, the starting point of the Eurasian Continental Bridge, near the Pacific Ocean).

15。 Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia and the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the whole country. There are the famous Red Square and the Kremlin.