Can a super earth as big as Kepler 22b be inhabited?

The great god in front has answered in detail, and Qian Chen also came to talk about his own views.

I'm not sure. The exact data hasn't been explored yet. Even if people can live, the level of human science and technology can't go, because Kepler 22b is 600 light years away from the earth.

First, let's see if Kepler 22b is in the super earth. The mass of the super earth is 2.5 10 times that of the earth. The diameter of the planet is 2.4 times that of the earth, and the material structure is still uncertain. If the rock structure is like the earth, its mass can be 14 times that of the earth. If it is a liquid ocean structure, its mass is only about 2.4 times that of the earth. Being a super earth is not a big problem.

It's too far away, in the direction of Cygnus and Lyra, 600 light years away from the earth, which is beyond the reach of human science and technology. At a speed of 240,000 kilometers per hour, the most advanced "Helios II" plane will fly 2.7 10? A year is 270 million years. Maybe the human civilization at that time will arrive in an instant.

This planet was first discovered by NASA's Kepler telescope in 20 1 1 year. It was not until it blocked the parent star three times that observers confirmed the existence of a planet. So the follow-up exploration was carried out.

Its parent star Kepler 22 is a star slightly darker than the sun, with brightness only 25% of that of the sun, while Kepler 22b is in a livable zone, with a distance of 15% from the sun and the earth, which is a perfect geographical advantage like the earth.

However, not all planets in the habitable zone are habitable planets. The conditions on the earth are not bad, and it will be suitable for living things.

Let's see what conditions the earth has besides being in a livable zone.

Do Kepler 22b have these prerequisites? I can only tell you that the distance of 600 light years is really too far, and scientists even need to further observe whether it is a rock planet or a liquid planet. Maybe NASA is not in a hurry to emigrate, so it is not more meaningful to leave this matter behind and explore planets in galaxies such as Mars!

what do you reckon ?

"Can a super earth as big as Kepler 22b be inhabited?" This problem is actually an astronomical problem, which should be solved by astronomical research methods. What was the research method of literature that day?

To put it bluntly, it is mode thinking. You will find many models in astronomy, such as solar model, stellar model, supernova model, cosmological model and so on.

There is also a model to study whether it is suitable for human habitation, which is called livable zone model. Many times, when I talk about the livable zone, I basically think that it is enough to stay away from the stars. In fact, this problem is not that simple, far more complicated than our phenomenon.

Today, I will take you to learn about this "livable zone" model by studying Kepler 22b.

What indicators does a qualified terrestrial planet need to meet? First of all, it is clear that there are many potential dangers in the universe. If these dangers occur frequently, it is difficult for life to survive for a long time. Therefore, Earth-like planets have at least the following conditions:

1, a long-term stable star

2, the right position

3. Have a geomagnetic field

4. Satellites that are not small compared with themselves.

5. Protected by big planets.

6. Liquid water

7. Appropriate atmosphere

All these conditions are indispensable. Why? Say it one by one.

In fact, all stars have a life span. The sun is about 654.38+00 billion years old and belongs to a yellow dwarf. If the star is too big, its life span will be much shorter, and it won't take long to die, which is inappropriate. If the star is too small, such as a red dwarf. Their life span can reach 654.38+00 billion years, which looks great, but it is not good. This is because their radiation intensity is too weak. If you want to get enough energy, you must be very close. At this time is likely to be tidal locking. The relationship between the earth and the moon is tidal locking, and the moon always faces the earth. Imagine, if the earth has been facing the sun, is it very sour?

So what kind of star is suitable?

Scientists have actually given their research results, but in addition, we must first understand the classification of stars, which is roughly like this. There is an MK classification system, which sorts the stars according to the surface temperature from high to low, and the corresponding mass is from large to small, which is about:

The sun is G2. Scientists have found that stars larger than F0 have a short life span. Stars are smaller than K5, so planets in livable zones are easier to tidal locking. Therefore, the optimal sequence is larger than K5 and smaller than F0.

Kepler 22b's star is Kepler 22, which is actually very similar to the sun and is a star in the G sequence. So, this is qualified.

In addition to the requirements for stars, the position of stars in galaxies is also very important. They are too close and vulnerable to high-energy radiation. This is because the center of the galaxy is relatively dense, with many massive celestial bodies and even black holes. So it is not friendly to life. Of course, it can't be too far away, so it is unlikely to have heavy elements.

Kepler 22 is in a good position and belongs to the livable zone of galaxies, so it also meets the requirements.

In addition to the position in the galaxy, there is also a position in the stellar system, which cannot be too close or too far. Both the Earth and Mars are in this range.

Kepler 22b, in its star system, is in the livable zone, so it also meets the requirements at this point.

Why do you say geomagnetic field?

Because this is very important, in fact, stars are not easy to mess with. The sun always comes with a wave of solar wind. If there is no stadium, the planet can only face the attack of the solar wind directly, and it is likely to take away all life on the planet.

Does Kepler 22b have a geomagnetic field? In fact, we are not sure yet, but it has a rock core, so it is unlikely to have a geomagnetic field with high probability.

A satellite that is not small compared with itself, the main reason why human beings can live so comfortably is the moon. If there is no moon, there may be no human beings, but the moon is actually very different from other satellites in the solar system, because it is relatively large relative to its main star, the earth, and other satellites are too small relative to their main stars.

The main reason is that the moon was hit. At the beginning of the earth's formation, an asteroid named Teia hit one end of the earth, and the remaining debris formed the moon under the action of gravity.

This collision tilts the earth's rotation, leading to the emergence of four seasons. And if there is no tilt, the earth may swing like a top.

Then the climate of the earth will be erratic, which is also very unfavorable for the survival of living things. In addition, without the moon, the tide will almost stagnate, and seawater will flood into many other places, which is also very unfavorable.

Therefore, having a large proportion of satellites is actually a guarantee for the continuation of life.

At present, we have no way to know whether Kepler 22b has satellites.

In fact, there are often many asteroids and meteorites in the universe, and many star systems actually have asteroid belts. So it is normal for a planet to be attacked by asteroids and meteorites. However, this is actually not conducive to the reproduction of life. After all, the energy generated by an unusual asteroid hitting the earth is enough to destroy life in the whole region. If a big asteroid hits the earth, it will be a disaster. This is how dinosaurs died.

However, in fact, there are not many attacks on the earth. The most serious one was 650 years ago. This is because of Jupiter's protection. Like a goalkeeper, he held down asteroids and meteorites by his own gravity outside the orbit of Mars, which saved the earth from frequent threats.

Before Omo Mo entered the solar system, it was also accelerated under Jupiter's gravitational slingshot.

Is there a massive planet outside Kepler 22b? In fact, there is no or no relevant observation data.

The importance of liquid water is self-evident, especially for human beings. The good news is that Kepler 22b is a planet with plenty of water. Even scientists once thought that the planet should be covered with water.

The suitable atmosphere is finally the atmosphere, which is actually related to the index of the planet itself. Let's talk about it together In fact, we haven't been able to determine all the parameters of Kepler 22b. The only thing that is certain now is that it is much larger than the earth. As for gravity, the atmosphere is uncertain.

If it has no atmosphere, the average surface temperature is about-1 1 degree. If there is an atmosphere with similar composition to the earth, the temperature should be around 22 degrees. Of course, if there is no atmosphere, cosmic rays can take away life on the planet in a few minutes.

Finally, if Kepler 22b meets the requirements, it has a stable star, a good position and liquid water. At present, we can't determine the parameters of the planet itself, such as gravity and atmospheric pressure. But we don't know whether there are satellites, massive stars and geomagnetic fields. Therefore, it cannot be judged livable.

Quantum bacteria believe that Kepler 22b is just a "super earth" discovered earlier by human beings, and it is a terrestrial planet that may be similar to the earth's environment. However, when it comes to whether this planet is suitable for human habitation, it is still far away and there is no definite evidence, but these findings can undoubtedly stimulate human enthusiasm for exploring space.

In 20 1 1 year, NASA's kepler mission began to search for exoplanets, among which Kepler 22b was the first exoplanet confirmed by it, orbiting a sun-like star and in a livable zone. However, this planet is 600 light years away from the Earth, and many physical parameters of Kepler 22b are unknown to human beings, let alone whether people can live on it.

At present, there is no accurate data about Kepler 22b, but it is generally known that the planet may be composed of rocks, located in the livable zone of the planet, with a surface temperature similar to that of the earth, and there may be liquid water. These parameters may be only one tenth of the conditions suitable for life. Even if they are 99.99% similar to some parameters of the earth, it does not mean that people can survive.

Scientists and the media always pay different attention to hot spots. It is undoubtedly more attractive to the public to discuss whether people can survive. For NASA, it often hypes some alien civilizations. On the one hand, it attracts attention, on the other hand, it is easier to get funds.