What was the name of Guangdong in each dynasty?

Guangdong was called Guangdong, Guangdong, Nanyue and Nanyue in ancient times.

In the ancient documents of the pre-Qin period, "Yue" means "Yue", and the ancient "Yue" and "Yue" are universal. Tribes along the coast south of the Yangtze River are often collectively referred to as "Yue" in pre-Qin ancient books, "Baiyue" or "Zhu Yue" in literature (including wuyue, Fujian, Yangyue, Nanyue, Xi 'ou and Luoyue), and "Nanyue" in Guangdong. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the meaning of the word "Guangdong" narrowed, generally referring to Lingnan area, or "South Guangdong". Until modern times, Guangdong and Guangxi were still called "Guangdong". After the Republic of China, the word "Guangdong" became the abbreviation of Guangdong Province. ? During the period of ancient countries, northern Guangdong, western Guangdong and northern Guangdong were generally ruled by the ancient Cangwu country in Lingnan, while eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong were ancient countries established by ethnic groups such as Fujian and Yangyue. Guangdong has been a place where many cultures meet and coexist since ancient times.

Guangdong has a long history and is the seat of Pangu Kingdom in Archean South China Sea. There were traces of human activities in China 600,000-800,000 years ago. About 6.5438+0.29 million years ago, early Homo sapiens (Maba Man Site) appeared in Lingnan. Guangdong ancestors domesticated rice 0/0.4 million years ago, or became the source of rice writing in the world. Song Luomi's "The History of Tao, the Second Age of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, Emperor Ji" contains: "Guangdong has an emperor, which is a heavenly spirit, and hopes to be greatly respected"; King by wood. "Three Meetings": "After Pangu's rule, the Emperor of Heaven began to use the name of the dry branch to determine the year." Archaeological studies have found that Guangdong is one of the birthplaces of China people. The conclusion of the whole genome typing study shows that ancient ancestors migrated from south to north into the Yellow River basin in prehistoric times, creating a splendid Chinese civilization. It is recognized by academic circles that private ownership, class differentiation and kingship politics have appeared in Shi Xia culture four or five thousand years ago. During the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty, Guangdong ancestors had economic and cultural exchanges with the Central Plains.

About 4000 years ago, there were many ancient entities in Lingnan area. In Guangdong Province, there are the Kingdom of Mindu in the Pearl River Delta, the Kingdom of Tielou in Boluo in central Guangdong, the Kingdom of Yangyu in Yangshan and Yingde in northern Guangdong, the Kingdom of Daner and the Kingdom of lettering in Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan. Around the Warring States Period, Xi 'ou and Luoyue appeared in most parts of Guangxi and some parts of Guangdong, which was the heyday of countries in Lingnan area. ? In the official history, the advanced technology brought from Lingnan to the south of Qin Jun began to be integrated into civilization, but in recent years, the archaeological community found that this view is a "historical misunderstanding". Since modern times, a large number of cultural relics such as bronzes, pottery and crystals have been unearthed one after another, proving that Lingnan had splendid Neolithic and Bronze Age civilizations before Qin Dynasty, and Lingnan was one of the cradles of Chinese civilization.

During the Qin Dynasty in 222 BC, after Ying Zheng, king of Qin, unified the six countries, he sent Tu Youyou to lead 500,000 Qin Jun to attack Lingnan. In 2 14 BC, Qin Jun basically occupied Lingnan. Immediately, Qin Shihuang set up three counties of "Guilin, Elephant and Nanhai" in the Lingnan area he captured. Nanhai County governs the Southeast South China Sea, Hezhou, Guangxi, and Bei Nanling, including parts of eastern Guangdong, northern Guangdong, central Guangdong and western Guangdong. It governs Panyu, Longchuan, Boluo and Sihui, and the county governs Panyu. Today, most of Guangdong Province belongs to Nanhai County. In addition, Zhanjiang and other places belong to Xiang County, parts of western Guangdong belong to Guilin County, and parts of northern Guangdong belong to Changsha County. This is the first time in Guangdong's history that there are existing documents to record the division of administrative regions. ?

After Zhao Tuo was appointed as the magistrate of Longchuan County, Qin wrote to the court, demanding that 500,000 residents be moved from the Central Plains to Lingnan. In addition to the relegated officials, most of the people who moved from the Central Plains were "Jia people", meaning "businessmen", and they were the targets of the imperial government's policy of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining business. It not only punished the "businessmen", but also penetrated into Lingnan. The court held that killing two birds with one stone. According to records, there were roughly five groups of immigrants in the Qin Dynasty. In order to stabilize the army and solve the problem of soldiers' spouses staying behind after the war, Nanhai County applied to the court to send 30 thousand single women to Lingnan. The reason is obscure: "mending clothes for soldiers from the north." The Qin dynasty finally approved the application, but the amount was discounted, and the Central Plains 15000 widows and unmarried women joined the ranks of supporting the frontier.

At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the prefect of Nanhai County was critically ill, and appointed Longchuan County to make Zhao Tuo take his place. In 208 BC, when Zhao Tuo, the captain of Nanhai County, died in Qin, he was imprisoned and destroyed. Three years later, Guilin County and Xiang Jun County in Lingnan were merged. In 204 BC, Nanyue State was formally established with the title of "King of Nanyue" and its capital was Panyu, Guangdong.

In BC 196, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu, sent a doctor Lv Jia to South Vietnam. Zhao Tuo was given the seal of the King of South Vietnam by Emperor Gaozu and surrendered to the Han Dynasty, so South Vietnam became a vassal state of the Han Dynasty. After Liu Bang's death, Lv Hou came to North Korea, sanctioned South Vietnam economically, and sent troops south to attack South Vietnam. Zhao Tuo rose up and fought back against Hunan, flatly announcing his separation from the Han Dynasty, calling himself "Emperor Wu of South Vietnam". In BC 179, Lv Hou died, and Liu Heng, the Chinese emperor, ascended the throne, and sent Lv Jia to South Vietnam again to persuade Zhao Tuo to return to Han. Zhao Tuo accepted Liu Jia's persuasion again. In addition to the emperor's return to the Han Dynasty, South Vietnam was formally incorporated into the unified territory of China. In BC 137, Zhao Tuo died. His descendants continued to serve as four generations of South Vietnamese kings.

In BC11/year, the Han Dynasty pacified South Vietnam. The Han Dynasty divided South Vietnam into nine counties. In order to facilitate the supervision of county officials, the Han Dynasty also set up a 13 resident supervision agency, called the "Thirteen Division". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jiaotoe Department was changed to Jiaozhou. Besides the supervisory power, Jiaotoe Department also had military power and became a county-level government. The local administrative system was changed from county level 2 to state, county and county level 3. Today's Guangdong Province includes the whole Nanhai County under the jurisdiction of Jiaozhou (the central and eastern part of Guangdong), as well as Cangwu County, Hepu County, Guiyang County in Jingzhou and a part of Zhang Yu County in Yangzhou. Among them, Nanhai County added three counties compared with Qin Dynasty: Jieyang, Suzhong (now Qingyuan) and Zengcheng.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, after Battle of Red Cliffs, Wei, Shu and Wu gradually formed a tripartite confrontation. In AD 2 10 (the 15th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty), Wu Sunquan appointed Bu Zhi as the secretariat of Jiaozhou and led his troops to Panyu. In February17, Bu Zhi moved the administration of Jiaozhou from Guangxin to Panyu. In 264, in order to facilitate governance, Soochow set four counties (Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin and Gaoliang) outside Jiaozhou, and set up Guangzhou to administer Panyu, hence the name. Guangxin is the "Guang" location of Guangdong and Guangxi. Guangdong and Guangxi are bounded by Guangxin, with Guangdong in the east and Guangxi in the west. Since the sixteenth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (2 1 1), the Jiaozhou office moved from Cangwu (Wuzhou) to Panyu (Guangzhou), and Guangzhou only rose. During the period of Wu Dong, Guangdong Province now includes Shixing County and Hainan Island in Jingzhou, in addition to the four counties under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Western Jin Dynasty, the hinterland of Guangdong Province belonged to Guangzhou, northern Guangdong belonged to Jingzhou, and Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island belonged to Jiaozhou. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the political situation in China was divided between the North and the South. Most of the newly-added states, counties and counties are concentrated in central Guangdong, western Guangdong and northern Guangdong, with few in eastern Guangdong. Because the agricultural economy in eastern Guangdong is not as developed as that in western Guangdong, and the transportation is not as convenient as that in western Guangdong. At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, Guangzhou and Zhou Xun (now Huizhou) were appointed as the Governor General's Office to administer the whole country. Yang Di abolished the state as a county and changed it to two levels, namely, county and county, and greatly increased the number of provinces. Today, Guangdong province belongs to 10 county and 74 counties. ?

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, prefectures and counties were established in the early Tang Dynasty. The 45 States of Lingnan belong to Guangzhou, Guizhou, Rongzhou, Yongzhou and Annan (also known as Lingnan Five Houses). After 655 years, all five counties were transferred to Guangzhou. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, Shantou area of Chaozhou once belonged to Fujian, which was under the jurisdiction of Fujian Governor's Office and Fujian Province. In 756, he was promoted to Lingnan Ambassador. In 862 (three years in Xian Tong, Zong Yi), Lingnan Road was divided into east and west roads, with Guangzhou as the main road and Guangdong as the main road.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Lingnan was occupied by Liu, and the administrative divisions basically inherited the organizational system of the Tang Dynasty. South Han promoted Guangzhou to prosperity; In the late Southern Han Dynasty, the whole territory governed 60 states, 2 14 counties. In the third year of Liang Dynasty (9 17), Ada, commander-in-chief of Qinghai and Jinghai, established a country with its capital in Guangzhou. At the beginning of the country, the name was Da Yue, and the year number was dry. The following year, the name of the country was changed to Han, which was called Nanhan in history. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Southern Han Dynasty inherited the laws and regulations of the Tang Dynasty and generally followed the official system of the Tang Dynasty.

The local administrative system in Song Dynasty was divided into three levels: states and counties. Today, Guangdong Province includes Guangnan East Road 14 State and Guangnan West Road 7 States ***6 1 County. The Song Dynasty inherited and adjusted the Tang system. Eight prefectures were abolished in western Guangdong and Hainan Island, and four prefectures added in southern Han Dynasty were retained in eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong except the Tang Dynasty.

During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the local administrative system of the Yuan Dynasty was divided into four levels: provincial, Taoist, prefectural (state, military) and county, and there was another way, that is, transport agencies below the provincial level and above the provincial level. Today, Guangdong Province is divided into Guangdong Road and Haibei South Road. Guangdong is ruled in Guangzhou, and Haibei Hainan is ruled in Leizhou today. In the Yuan Dynasty, due to the war, the population once decreased, and in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it increased to nearly 4 million. ?

In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), Guangdong Road was changed to Guangdong and other provinces, and Haibei Hainan Road was placed under Guangdong, becoming one of the thirteen provinces in the Ming Dynasty. Moreover, Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island, which belong to the same region as Guangxi for a long time, were included in Guangdong, ending the situation that Guangdong belonged to different administrative regions in the past, and the regional outline of Guangdong Province was basically formed. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Guangdong set up 10 mansion and 1 zhili mansion, which governed 7 states and 75 counties.

In the early Qing Dynasty, local administrative organizations were divided into four levels: province, prefecture and county, but in the Ming Dynasty, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs officially changed its name to province. Officially use the name of "Guangdong Province", and its jurisdiction is the same as that of Guangdong Government Council in Ming Dynasty. The southernmost territory of Guangdong Province in the Qing Dynasty was the Zengmu shoal of the South China Sea Islands. Xisha Islands (called "Qianli Changsha") and Nansha Islands (called "Qianli Shitang") are under the jurisdiction of Wanzhou, Qiongzhou District, Guangdong Province. The South China Sea Islands have been the territory of China since ancient times. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the China government exercised sovereignty here, and the Qing government often sent navy officers to inspect it. ?

Forty-eight years after Qianlong (1783), the registered population of the whole province has reached144.87 million. On the eve of the Opium War, it reached 22.864 million, making it one of the most populous provinces in China. 184 1 year, the Qing government was defeated in the Opium War and was forced to sign the Sino-British treaty of nanking, and Hong Kong (then Xin 'an County) officially became a British colony. 1887, Portugal induced the Qing government to sign the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Trade and occupied Macao (then Xiangshan County).