Brief introduction of akuta

Working time:1115 ~1123.

Year of use: receiving country, Tianfu

Posthumous title: Gan Yingxing Zhao Yunde Ding Gong Rui Shen Zhuang Xiaoren Mingsheng Dawuyuan

emperor

Temple number: Taizu

Burial place: Ling Rui, Dafang Mountain.

A.D. 1068, Akuta was born.

In 65438 AD, Akuta fought against Liao.

In 1 1 15, akuta established the state of Jin.

In 1 122, akuta died of illness at the age of 56.

Akuta Yan Hong was born in an upper-class aristocratic family of Jurchen nationality. Jurchen nationality is a nationality with a long history in the northeast of China. In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the Khitan nationality rose in the north of China, and soon established the Liao regime, which was gradually controlled by the Jurchen nationality. Later, the Wanyan Department gradually developed, unified the ministries of Jurchen, and formed a powerful military tribal alliance. Akuta inherited his father's martial spirit and practiced martial arts since childhood. Later, following his father and brother, Agoudas often took the lead and was resourceful. He defeated the hemp production of Gelie Department, the black postscript of Mudong Department and the postscript of Du Wen Department, and made great contributions to the unification of the ministries of Jurchen Department.

In AD 1 1 13, Shu died of illness, and Akuta was succeeded by Du Bo. After hard fighting, Akuta Yan Hong completed the unification of various parts of the Jurchen nationality and began to focus on strengthening the military strength of the Jurchen nationality. He encouraged agricultural production, saved food, built castles, bought weapons and strengthened military training. At this time, Akuta had the anti-Liao heart, but his strength was still relatively weak, and it was not the time to arise. However, in the face of the oppression of Liao officials and nobles, akuta became more and more unbearable. Introduction to Akuta Yan Hong In the spring of A.D.112, Emperor Tianzuo came to Huntongjiang (now on the Songhua River) and held a "fish head banquet". At the fish head banquet, akuta refused to dance and had a direct conflict with Emperor Tianzuo. Akuta made up his mind to fight Liao. But still can't find a suitable excuse, Agoudas had to stay put until Liao made a fuse.

This fuse is Asu, the chief of Jurchen Shilie Department. He was very dissatisfied with the fact that the leader of the Ministry unified Jurchen and became the de facto ruler of Jurchen, so he wanted to get rid of the Ministry and restore his power with the help of Liao rulers. Asu had a war with the Ministry with the support of Liao, and fled to Liao and Tibet after the defeat. To this end, Hong Yan repeatedly asked Liao Emperor to return Asu, and the two sides had frequent negotiations. After Akuta succeeded Du Bo, he used this as an excuse to fight Liao.

In the autumn of11/4, Akuta fought against Liao, and with 2,500 jurchen soldiers, he was stationed on the west bank of Lailiu River (now Lalin River at the border of Jilin and Heilongjiang), ready to attack Ningjiangzhou (now Dongshichengzi, Fuyu, Jilin), a military town in northern Liaoning. Before going to war, Akuta Yan Hong recounted the sins of Liao rulers here, swore an oath to his ancestors, and then sent troops to attack. Gu took the lead and personally shot Ye X, the front-line general of Liao Army. Jurchen officers and men were greatly boosted in morale and fought bravely to kill the enemy. They quickly captured Ningjiangzhou and captured the Liao defense envoys, thus winning the first victory in the war against Liao. Subsequently, Jurchen soldiers captured another military town, Chuhedian (now northwest of Zhaoyuan, Heilongjiang). Akuta adopted flexible strategies and tactics, defeated 100,000 elite soldiers led by Xiao Sixian, commander-in-chief of Liao State, and Ta, deputy commander-in-chief, and won the battle of Chuhedian. The battle of Chuhedian was a decisive battle in the early days of the anti-Liao war. After the battle, the forces of Jurchen increased greatly, and the army grew rapidly, gradually competing with Liao until it was finally destroyed.

1 1 15 At the beginning of the year, after winning many times, Akuta accepted the requests of Wu, Sagai, Cibubu and others, and decided to proclaim himself emperor and establish the State of Jin.

After Akuta proclaimed himself emperor, the first national policy was to destroy Liao. To this end, akuta ordered the whole army to divide into three roads, respectively attacking the two States of Bin (now Dehui North, Jilin Province) and Xiang, which belong to Huanglongfu Road; Zhou Xian (now Kaiyuan, Jilin) and Baozhou and Kaizhou in the south. After clearing the villages and towns around Huanglongfu, they concentrated their forces on attacking Huanglongfu (now Nong 'an, Jilin Province) and seized the military town controlled by the Liao rulers to realize the real reunification of the entire Jurchen nationality.

In a very short time, the plan of akuta was realized, and Jin Jun quickly captured Bin, Xiang, and thus surrounded Huanglongfu. Liao army couldn't resist, abandoned the city and fled, and 8 Jin army occupied Huanglong House.

One day in the Liao Dynasty, the emperor personally led hundreds of thousands of troops to Camel Gate after learning that Jin Jun had captured Huanglongfu. At present, the situation of 8j, which lacks serenade food, is very critical, and there are emotions such as escape and surrender. Akuta ordered all soldiers to * * *, and then cut their foreheads with a knife, crying and saying goodbye to everyone. When all the soldiers saw the commander in chief, they were filled with lofty sentiments. They all said with one voice, "This is the end of the matter. We resolutely obey orders and fight to the death with the Khitans. " 8 jin j's morale rose again. At this time, there were internal disputes in the Liao Dynasty. The pioneers of the Liao Dynasty supervised the coup in Zhang Nu, Lu Ye, and prepared to establish Yan Wang Ye Lvchun to introduce Akuta to the emperor. Emperor Tianzuo quickly led the troops from the front to the west. Seeing this opportunity, 8 Jin Army pursued bravely and defeated Liao Army.

111in the spring of 6, akuta ordered the Jin Army to crusade against Gao Yongchang, and soon occupied Liaoyang Fucheng and seized the residence of the Liao Jurchen on Tokyo Road. At this point, akuta finally achieved the unity of the entire Jurchen nationality. Subsequently, in the spring of117, the Jin army captured Taizhou, which was lax in armaments. The war against Liao has come to an end.

11In the spring of 20th year, Akuta Yan Hong made another expedition and occupied Linheng Mansion in Shangjing, and successively captured Dading Mansion in Zhongjing, Datong Mansion in Xijing and Xijin Mansion in Yanjing in the following year. Liao country is on the verge of final extinction.

In order to concentrate on attacking the Liao Dynasty, Akuta took a friendly attitude towards Korea, Xixia and the Northern Song Dynasty and maintained peaceful and friendly relations with them. In A.D. 1 120, it was also agreed with the Northern Song Dynasty that Song and Jin would jointly attack Liao. After the extinction of Liao, the Northern Song Dynasty transferred the old coins that had been lost to Liao to Jin, and Jin returned them to the Han land in Yanjing, which was cut to Liao in Shijingtang after Jin. This is the famous Song and Jin "maritime alliance" in history. After the establishment of the Alliance, the Jin Army quickly attacked and captured Zhongjing and Xijing successively, and with the cooperation of Song Jun, it captured Yanjing in 1 122.

After Aguda proclaimed himself emperor, he began the regime construction of the slave owners and nobles in the Jin Dynasty. First of all, in order to consolidate their rule, Du, the chief of the tribal chiefs' alliance, Guo Xiang, the assistant of the military chiefs' alliance, and Bo, the tribal chiefs, were appointed as the highest authority. Under the extremely fierce system, the highest military leader of the original tribal alliance was renamed the emperor, which was in the highest ruling position in the country. The next setting is extremely intense. After Du Bo, Akuta Wan Yan first perfected the military establishment of Meng 'an Mok. Meng 'an Mouke will develop into a local administrative organization, which will be widely implemented in the newly occupied areas. After Yan Hong Akuta ascended the throne, he actively reformed social abuses. First, he established a new legal system, which stipulated that there was no distinction between nobility and inferiority before laws and regulations, and also stipulated that punishment and redemption of prisoners should go hand in hand. At the same time, in order to improve the national quality of Jurchen and get rid of the primitive marriage customs, Aguda ordered Jurchen not to marry with the same surname. After the war in Ningjiangzhou, people with the same surname must get divorced.

As the founding emperor, another great contribution of akuta to Jin was the creation of Jurchen script. Jurchen had no words, so she used a kind of "letter card" when remembering orders. In the battle, there was a special person who was responsible for verbally conveying orders, which was called "brake thorn". Akuta ordered Hong Yan Yi Xi, the celebrated son, to create a role. Hong Yan Yi Xi imitated the block letters of * * * * and combined with his own language to create the Jurchen script, which was called "Jurchen script" in history. After the text was written, akuta ordered it to be promulgated nationwide. While retaining the original culture of Nuzhen, Aguda also paid attention to learning the advanced culture of Han nationality and reusing Han intellectuals.

In terms of economic construction, Akuta Yan Hong aims at protecting and developing production. Prohibit soldiers from looting, comfort people in conquered areas, and reduce taxes, so as to achieve the purpose of stabilizing people's hearts and developing production. Akuta also carried out the policy of emigrating to the mainland, ordering some * * * and Qidan people in Shanxi to enrich themselves in the "mainland" of Jin and let them choose their own residence at will. At the same time, akuta also forced nuzhen to move south to open up wasteland.

11In the summer of 23, Akuta died at the age of 56 on the way from Yanjing to Beijing.