What does sociology include?

? 1, the origin of sociology. Sociology was first invented by Auguste Comte, a native of China, and he initiated the discipline of sociology, so Comte was honored as

? 1, the origin of sociology. Sociology was first invented by Auguste Comte, a native of China, and he initiated the discipline of sociology, so Comte was honored as the "father of sociology". At first, he tried to unify all humanities subjects, including history, psychology and economics, with a physical method, so as to establish a subject that can stand the test of scientific rules. Comte believes that sociology is not only a science, but also the first science and the "queen of science".

2. The category of sociology. Sociology is a new academic category. It spans economy, politics, anthropology, history and psychology.

3. The significance of sociology. The significance of sociology lies in finding the source of human knowledge and philosophy. As a social science, sociology is scientific. The most fundamental thing is that it can reveal the special regularity of its research object by scientific methods under the premise of grasping the general law of social development and combining the continuity and particularity of different nationalities and regions in culture and history. In order to ensure the scientific nature of sociology, sociologists increasingly realize that theoretical research and empirical research, qualitative research and quantitative research, macro research and micro research must be combined and complement each other. Sociology without empirical research is empty and speculative; Sociology without theoretical research is blind and superficial.

After decades of efforts, sociology has made great progress in science. For example, the application of "probability model" greatly increases the accuracy of prediction; The application of "statistical control method" and "simulation method" has improved the control of many variables involved in the research object to some extent.

4. The structure of the sociological system. Sociology is the study of social facts (objective facts: social behavior, social structure, social problems, etc. ; Subjective facts: human nature, sociological psychology, etc. ), a multi-paradigm discipline, originated in the late19th century. It is a modern discipline evolved from social philosophy.

5. Sociological research methods. Sociology is a subject with many research methods. There are mainly quantitative methods of scientific positivism and humanistic understanding methods. These two methods are opposite to each other and interrelated, which develop and improve a set of knowledge system about human social structure and activities, and take the use of these knowledge to seek or improve social welfare as the main goal. Sociology has a wide range of research, from micro-level social action or interpersonal communication to macro-level social system or structure, so sociology is usually juxtaposed with economics, politics, anthropology, psychology, history and other disciplines under the field of social science.

6. The research object of sociology. Sociology has a wide range of research topics or research laws. Its traditional research objects include social stratification, social stratum, social mobility, social religion, social law, deviant behavior and so on. The model adopted includes qualitative and quantitative research methods. Because all fields of human activities are formed under the influence of social structure and individual system, with the development of society, sociology further expands its research focus to other related disciplines, such as medical care, military or criminal systems, the Internet, and even the role of scientific knowledge development in social activities. The scope of social science methods is getting wider and wider. Since the mid-20th century, diversified language and cultural changes have also produced more and more explanatory and philosophical social research models.

7. Sociologists in China have the following views on the definition of sociology.

(1), focusing on the society itself as an organic whole (the society here includes both the whole society and the local society, that is, a certain aspect, a certain field and a certain level of society);

(2) Sociology, like historical materialism, studies the universal laws of social development;

(3) Sociology is considered to study the whole society and its laws. The first book "Introduction to Sociology (Trial Lecture)" published by Fei Xiaotong after the reconstruction of sociology in China is defined from the perspective of society as a whole: "Sociology is a comprehensive social science that studies the structure, function, occurrence and development of society through people's social relations and social behaviors";

(4) Pay attention to individuals as social subjects and their social behaviors.