Seek 2002: Chinese full text

Content and Analysis of the 2002 National Security Strategy Report of the United States

Starting from 1986, the US Congress requires every administration to submit a report on the national security strategy. On September 20, 2002, the United States released the report on the National Security Strategy of the United States (hereinafter referred to as the Report) submitted by the current Bush administration to Congress and written by President Bush. The report analyzes the major changes in the national security situation facing the United States, especially after the September11incident, and points out that terrorism is the main threat facing the United States. Combating terrorism and preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction have become the top priority of maintaining US national security. He also stressed that in order to protect the United States from premeditated attacks by terrorists, the United States will carry out "preemptive attacks" when necessary, "before the threat reaches the US border."

Identify and destroy it. In addition, "even without the support of the international community, the United States will not hesitate to act alone and take preemptive action against terrorists. "

It can be said that the report is a comprehensive and systematic exposition of Bush's national security policy after the Bush administration took office, especially after the "9. 1 1 incident", and it is also a guide for the future US military, political and economic policies involving national security.

The Main Contents of Bush's New National Security Strategy

First of all, the most important task of American national security has been determined: combating terrorism and preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

In the report, Bush clearly pointed out: "The serious threat we face is the combination of radicalism and technology". The "9. 1 1" incident shows that even if terrorists without weapons of mass destruction use aircraft as weapons to attack the United States, it will cause great trauma to the United States. If terrorists acquire weapons of mass destruction, it will pose an extremely serious threat to the national security of the United States. When biological, chemical and nuclear weapons spread together with ballistic missile technology, even weak countries and small groups can acquire the ability to carry out disastrous strikes against big countries. The Bush administration believes that "Iraq is believed to possess chemical weapons and plans to acquire nuclear weapons and biological agents; North Korea has become a major producer of ballistic missiles in the world and is actively developing its own weapons of mass destruction; Other rogue countries are also seeking nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. "

In order to defeat the terrorist threat to the United States, the United States must use all available means-military strength, homeland defense capability, judicial system, intelligence and positive measures. "Our first task in counter-terrorism is to destroy and destroy terrorist organizations around the world, and to strike at their leaders, destroy their command, control and communication, cut off their material supply and cut off their economic sources. In this way, the plan of terrorists and their ability to carry out terrorist acts can be realized. "

In addition, Bush stressed that in dealing with terrorists and rogue States, the United States "should destroy the threat before it really forms, and take this idea as a means of consciousness and self-defense". It is required that the United States can no longer just adopt a "reaction" attitude as in the past, strike them pre-emptively before the threat forms, and cannot let the enemy pre-empt.

2. Maintain peace by maintaining good relations with world powers.

After the "911"incident, the United States launched a military action against Al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan. The victory of the United States in the Afghan war on terrorism cannot be separated from the support and help of its allies and other countries such as Russia and China. The Bush administration recognizes that in order to accomplish the main task of national security-combating terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the United States needs the support of world powers. In order to safeguard the national security of the United States, it must maintain good relations with major powers in the world.

The report pointed out that the strategic interests of the United States and Russia overlap in many fields, and a new strategic relationship has been established between the United States and Russia. The United States and Russia will get rid of the hostility of the Cold War through a new relationship framework, abandon the old concepts of mutual guarantee and mutual destruction, and establish a lasting strategic partnership. Regarding China, the Bush administration believes that "US-China relations are an important part of our strategy. We welcome the emergence of a strong, peaceful and prosperous China. " Although there are many differences between China and the United States, they have cooperated very well in the current war on terrorism and promoting the stability of the Korean Peninsula, and there are also many common interests and challenges between China and the United States. As for India, which is also a regional power, the United States believes that the relationship between the United States and India is good, the interests of the two countries are consistent, and cooperation in maintaining regional stability and combating terrorism is good. The United States needs to work out a long-term Eurasian ally and a positive cooperation plan with Russian, Indian and China leaders to strengthen the good situation of cooperation among major powers.

3. Promote global free market and trade and spread American values.

The Bush administration believes that maintaining a strong world economy can enhance the national security of the United States by enhancing the prosperity and freedom of other countries in the world. The "9. 1 1" incident made the United States realize that a weak country like Afghanistan can also launch a large-scale attack on the United States like a powerful country, posing a great threat to the national interests of the United States. Poverty, backward system and corruption will make it impossible for weak countries to avoid the formation of terrorist networks and drug trafficking networks within their borders. Free trade and free market are the best ways to promote prosperity and reduce poverty, "which can keep the whole society away from poverty". Therefore, the United States should promote the development of the world economy, eliminate poverty and improve the security environment of the United States by encouraging free trade, opening up free markets and supporting and promoting the investment of developed countries in poor areas.

Encourage developing countries and closed areas to open their own societies and strengthen the construction of democratic politics. The Bush administration plans to establish a new "Millennium Challenge Fund" to help and encourage these governments to fight corruption, respect human rights, promote the rule of law, invest in health and education, and implement reliable economic policies.

4. In order to adapt to the national security situation of the United States in the 2nd/Kloc-0th century, reform the national security system of the United States.

The Bush administration plans to carry out the largest reorganization of the National Committee and the Ministry of National Defense. The United States will implement a comprehensive homeland security plan, with the new Department of Homeland Security, the new unified military command and the completely reorganized FBI as the core.

On April 6, 2002, the U.S. Department of Defense announced the establishment of a new military command-Northern Command, which is responsible for the national defense of the United States and the protection of the United States mainland, in order to assist domestic institutions in the United States to deal with terrorist attacks similar to the "911"incident.

On June 6, 2002, the Bush administration put forward a bill to set up the Department of Homeland Security, which integrates the powers of the Immigration Bureau, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Central Intelligence Agency, and is responsible for intelligence collection and comprehensive analysis, preventing terrorist attacks, countering attacks by biological, chemical, nuclear and radioactive weapons, and safeguarding the homeland security of the United States.

In addition, the Bush administration will transform the American army and establish the military superiority of American national defense. And innovate intelligence agencies and build new intelligence capabilities.

The "Report" pointed out that the current US military must have the ability to contain future military competition, deter threats against the interests of the United States and its allies, and give the enemy a fatal blow after the deterrence fails. In order to cope with a large number of security challenges, "the United States needs to set up bases in Western Europe and Northeast Asia, and also set up temporary stations for the long-distance deployment of the US military." The US military should also innovate on the basis of testing new operational methods, strengthening joint operations, giving full play to its intelligence advantages and making full use of science and technology. The US military should remain strong enough to deter and dissuade potential enemies from trying to surpass or equal the US military capability by pursuing army building.

Some views on the new national security strategy

1. The "preemptive strike" policy of the United States poses a great threat to the stability of the international community.

From June 1 2002, Bush put forward the strategy that the United States will take preemptive strikes against terrorists and rogue countries trying to acquire weapons of mass destruction when necessary. Now, "preemptive strike" has been established as a national security policy of the United States. This policy has no legal basis, is immoral and very dangerous, and is not conducive to the stability of the international community.

First of all, "preemptive strike" is an aggressive policy, which violates the purposes of the Charter of the United Nations and the relevant provisions of international law. Although the United States actively seeks the legal basis of "preemptive strike" and takes it as the name of "legitimate self-defense", Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations stipulates that the United Nations and its Member States should abide by seven principles, the third of which is the principle of resolving international disputes by peaceful means; Item 4: The principle of non-threat or use of force. In addition, Article 1 of the United Nations Resolution on the Definition of Aggression adopted by the 29th United Nations General Assembly on February 1974 14 clearly stipulates that "aggression refers to the use of force by a country to violate the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another country, or in any other way inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations". As for self-defense, the principle of international law is: "The use of force is justified only when self-defense is taken against the actual threat of force." In order to deal with the attacks of stateless terrorists, the United States took preemptive military actions against sovereign countries, and even took preemptive strikes against so-called "rogue countries" under the pretext of developing weapons of mass destruction, which clearly violated international law and constituted aggression.

Secondly, with the help of this policy, the United States may use various names to pre-empt regional competitors and countries that the United States considers to be enemies. The Bush administration believes that the United States should maintain its overall military superiority and not allow its military superiority in the world and in the region to be challenged by any country. The United States will "defeat the future military challenges of all countries at all costs". In his report, President Bush also emphasized the policy of "ensuring military superiority" and "pre-emptive strike", and it is possible to take pre-emptive strike against "challengers" or unfriendly countries that it thinks possess "dangerous weapons" in order to nip in the bud. President Bush's upcoming "war against Saskatchewan" is a very obvious example.

Third, the preemptive policy adopted by the United States will set a dangerous precedent for the international community to resolve disputes. Washington post commented that the Bush administration's strategy of pre-emptive strike against potential enemies may set a precedent for some countries and lead other countries to bypass the United Nations and launch unilateral attacks on the enemy. Bruce Blair, director of the National Defense Information Research Center of the United States, also believes that the United States has set a bad example to the world through this war, which is tantamount to encouraging other countries to follow the example of the United States and implement a "preemptive strike", which is considered legal.

2. The United States has not given up the policy of deterrence and containment.

The Bush administration put forward the strategy of pre-emptive strike against terrorists and "rogue states" when necessary. However, contrary to what some analysts believe, the United States has completely abandoned the containment policy. In fact, deterrence and containment are still the main policies to safeguard American national security. The "Report" pointed out that the United States "should maintain its absolute superiority in national defense in order to curb future military competition, deter challenges to American military hegemony and threats to the interests of the United States and its allies."

Preemptive strike and deterrence are not contradictory, but are aimed at different objects and levels. At present, preemptive strikes are mainly aimed at terrorists without strong military forces and "rogue countries" trying to acquire weapons of mass destruction. The United States can destroy them by preemptive strike, but they have no room to fight back. The object of deterrence is a country with strong military power that can challenge or threaten American military hegemony.

Bush's preemptive policy itself is a deterrent strategy. The report pointed out that "the United States must contain and prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction before the threat occurs." By announcing the preemptive policy, we can effectively contain and deter potential enemies from attacking the United States.

3. The "unilateralism" in the United States has become more intense.

Since taking office, the Bush administration has shown a strong unilateralism, successively abandoning the Kyoto Protocol, withdrawing from the ABM Treaty and opposing the ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. This time, the Bush administration's new national security strategy has a stronger "unilateralism" color. The Associated Press commented that the new national security strategy of the United States strengthened the superpower foreign policy of "acting alone" pursued by President Bush. Bush also pointed out in the report that the United States will, as always, strive for the support of the international community in combating terrorism and preventing rogue countries from using weapons of mass destruction, but even without the support of the United Nations, the United States will fight the enemy alone. At present, the United States is planning a military strike against Iraq in full swing. The Bush administration chose this time to announce the national security strategy of the United States, which is intended to put pressure on the United Nations and show that the attitude of the United States towards Iraq is firm. Even without the authorization of the United Nations, the United States will take a "preemptive strike" against Iraq.