Which dynasty built the most Great Wall in ancient times?

The Great Wall is an extremely magnificent defense construction project in ancient China. It criss-crosses the east, west, north and south, and stretches on the vast land of our motherland. Among them, the Great Wall, which runs across the north of China, is even more majestic, reaching more than 10,000 miles from east to west. Therefore, it is called the Great Wall of Wan Li. It is like a long dragon, rolling over the towering mountains, crossing the vast grassland, crossing the desert of Fahan and heading for the vast sea. The Great Wall of Wan Li is magnificent, arduous and has a long history, which is rare not only in ancient architectural projects in China, but also in the world. So it has long been listed as a miracle of one person in the world. It is reported that the Great Wall of Wan Li is one of the most obvious signs when astronauts look back at the earth from the ball. According to historical records, more than twenty vassal states and feudal dynasties built the Great Wall. The length of the Great Wall in Thailand, Han and Ming dynasties exceeded that in Wan Li. If you add up the length of the Great Wall built in different periods, it is about 10 million miles. At present, Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan and other 16 provinces, cities and autonomous regions have the remains of the ancient Great Wall and beacon towers. Among them, the Great Wall of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region alone is three Wan Li. The quantity of the Great Wall in Wan Li is really amazing. Only a rough estimate of the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty shows that if a wall with a thickness of one meter and a height of five meters is built with the masonry and earthwork used to build the Great Wall, the wall can surround the earth more than once. If it is used to pave a horse mill with a width of five meters and a thickness of 35 centimeters, it can circle the earth three or four times! This is just the Great Wall of Wan Li, which was built once in the Ming Dynasty. If calculated by more than ten Wan Li, this long wall can go around the earth for more than ten times, and this road can go around the earth for thirty or forty times. It is conceivable that the Great Wall project is magnificent and huge! The construction of the Great Wall has a long history, which lasted for more than two thousand years. People often associate the Great Wall of Wan Li with Qin Shihuang. As we all know, Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall in Wan Li, but it was built long before Qin Shihuang unified China. The period when the Great Wall began to be built was about the seventh century BC. At this time, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in Chinese history, due to the mutual annexation of princes, some powerful vassal states such as Chu, Qin, Yan, Qi, Han, Zhao and Wei appeared. In order to defend each other, they built one or several tall walls on their own territory. Because this kind of city wall is very long, not a few miles, but hundreds or thousands of miles, and unlike ordinary city walls, it is long and not closed around. So they are called the Great Wall or Placanticline. According to the development process of national defense construction engineering, the Great Wall developed from single buildings such as beacon tower and fierce city. At the beginning, it was to build a face-to-face beacon tower, or to build a continuous defensive castle, and then connect it with walls, which became the Great Wall. There is a poem in the Book of Songs: "The son of heaven ordered me to be north of the city, south of the city, and the city is in the Xiangjiang River." "North of the City" is a small town built by Zhou Xuanwang in the 9th century BC to defend against the attack of the city. This small town is not an isolated but a related defensive castle, which cooperates with beacon towers to transmit military information. The story of the warlord in Zhou Youwang's bonfire drama reflects the use of bonfire to transmit military information. In the Spring and Autumn Period, in order to defend each other, the vassal States built their own beacon towers and cities, and gradually connected them with city walls, forming a complete ancient military defense engineering system of the Great Wall. The earliest builder of the Great Wall was Chu State, called Fangcheng. It was built around the seventh century BC. In the 5th and 6th centuries BC, the Great Wall was built in Qi State (in today's Shandong). Around the 4th century BC, Yan, Zhao, Qin, Wei and North Korea successively built the Great Wall for joint defense. Even a few small vassal States, such as Zhongshan State (in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province), built the Great Wall as a defense. Around the 4th century BC, some governors in northern China, such as Yan, Zhao and Qin, were adjacent to nomadic peoples in northern China, such as Donghu and Xiongnu. At that time, the Huns were in the stage of slavery, and the slave owners and nobles often plundered the territories of Yan, Zhao and Qin, plundering livestock and population, which seriously hindered the normal production and life of the people there. So these three countries built the Great Wall in their north to prevent East Lake and Xiongnu from plundering the south. The Great Wall of these three countries became the cornerstone of Qin Shihuang's Great Wall in Wan Li. The Great Wall of mutual defense of the above-mentioned vassal States is small in scale, and the east, west, north and south hold their own opinions and are not coherent with each other. Compared with the Great Wall of Qin Shihuang, it is far from it. Therefore, historians of the Great Wall have distinguished it, calling it the Great Wall in Pre-Qin and the Great Wall in Warring States. In 22 1 BC, the Qin dynasty merged and destroyed six countries, and established the first multi-ethnic centralized mechanism in China-the treaty state. In order to safeguard the security of this unified country, help the more advanced economic and cultural development in the Central Plains, and prevent the Xiongnu slave owners from being harassed by nobles, they immediately sent general Meng Tian and Prince Fu Su to supervise the army, led 300,000 troops to explore the Xiongnu in the north, recovered Henan (now south of the Yellow River Hetao), and built the Great Wall on a large scale. On the basis of Beiyan, Zhao and Qin Changcheng, many parts have been added and expanded. From Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east, it stretches for more than ten thousand miles. Since then, the largest ancient architectural project in the world has stood out in the land of northern China. Since Qin Shihuang, the Great Wall has been built or added on a large scale in the Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Liao Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. Among them, the Great Wall in Han Dynasty and Ming Dynasty is the largest. The Great Wall and pavilions in the Han Dynasty were as long as two Wan Li. On the other hand, the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty made many improvements and developments in construction engineering technology and defense equipment, which was the last dynasty in the history of Great Wall architecture and the highest stage of the development of defense engineering technology of the Great Wall. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, there was a long-standing debate about whether to build the Great Wall. At first, many ministers proposed to build the Great Wall, and the rulers of the Qing Dynasty also considered it. However, with the development of the political and military situation in the Qing Dynasty, especially the change of ruling strategy, it was not until Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty that it was decided not to build the Great Wall. We read a poem written by Emperor Kangxi Michelle Ye when he visited the East China Sea: Wan Li managed to reach the end of the sea, which was exaggerated. At that time, I tried to make people strong, and the world never belonged to my family. Kangxi criticized Qin Shihuang for building the Great Wall. Although the project is huge and consumes a lot of manpower, it still fails to save the world. Therefore, he changed his ruling strategy, adopted the so-called "Huairou" policy, wooed the upper nobility of the Mongolian and Tibetan nationalities, and replaced the great wall project with religious belief. The summer resort and the huge Lama Temple built in Chengde during the Kanggan period, as well as various "Huairou" political activities in Chengde, have proved this point. Lamaism temples and political activities of this nature can also be seen everywhere in Beijing and Inner Mongolia. The implementation of such a policy played a certain role in stability and unity at that time, and it was also supported by the ruling and opposition parties. We are Kangxi. When Qianlong crossed the Great Wall of Gubeikou, it can be seen from the courtiers' poems offering peace, such as "I made Meng Tian work hard, and I heard the theory of Qin Jiachuan." At that time, it was difficult for northerners to roam, but today southerners are allowed to travel. ""Then how can you save your country? Speaking of Qin people, it is even more ridiculous. After all, it is necessary to be unified to become a city, and the consolidation of the imperial plan lies in Sri Lanka "and so on. Although the courtiers are full of rhetoric and flattery. However, practice has proved that the policy of "stopping building the Great Wall" and "political" rule adopted by the Qing Dynasty have achieved positive results. Although the Qing Dynasty once built this so-called "wicker border pass" in the northeast to restrict the activities of herders, some ancient Great Walls were used or restored in some places to suppress the people's resistance. But these situations are quite different from the original function and significance of the Great Wall. The Great Wall created by the working people of all ethnic groups is the product of the contradictory war between the ancient feudal separatist groups and the ruling groups of all ethnic groups in China. The Great Wall was built not only in the dynasties ruled by the Han ruling group, but also in the dynasties ruled by other ethnic ruling groups. In addition to the Great Wall during the separatist period of the pre-Qin vassal States, the Great Wall was built by the Han, Sui and Ming dynasties from the beginning of Qin Shihuang, and other dynasties such as the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Liao and Jin Dynasties. Even the Yuan Dynasty, ruled by Mongols, kept and used some passes and beacon towers of the Great Wall. So we say that the Great Wall is not only built by the Han rulers to defend other nationalities, but also a defense project built by the rulers of all ethnic groups to consolidate their rule. Rulers of all ethnic groups have never personally laid a brick or stone on the Great Wall, nor have they shed a drop of blood or sweat for this great feat. This grand project is entirely created by the working people of all ethnic groups. Now, the unhappy past caused by the exploitation and oppression of the working people by the ruling groups of all ethnic groups in history is gone forever. The crystallization of sweat and wisdom of the working people of all ethnic groups who built the Great Wall will last forever and shine forever. Many engineering techniques and construction experiences of the Great Wall are still worthy of appreciation and reference today. When we boarded the "first pass in the world" tower in Shanhaiguan, the Badaling Great Wall in Juyongguan or the Guancheng in Jiayuguan, and saw the towering towers, watchtowers and endless dragon-shaped walls, we couldn't help thinking about how much hard work and sweat the working people of all ethnic groups have paid for building such a great project. The rise and fall of the Great Wall in Wan Li was almost accompanied by the whole historical period of feudal society in China. Although it played a positive role in the development of history, the rulers of all ethnic groups imposed heavy burdens, enslaved labor and cruel oppression on the working people, which often caused people's resistance. Many ancient poets and writers left many works reflecting the heavy slavery of working people. The story of Meng Jiangnu Crying at the Great Wall embodies the working people's dissatisfaction with the cruel oppression and slavery of the feudal ruling class. The Great Wall, a historical site, is a historical site in China where people of all ethnic groups used blood, sweat and smart construction. In addition to its defensive function, the Great Wall has also played an important historical role in developing the politics, economy and culture of northern China and ensuring the communication between China and the West. Along the Great Wall, in ancient times, most of them were relatively backward production areas. The land here is vast and sparsely populated, and the land is barren. It was once called "shady land", "barren land", "wood skin twenty, ice six feet thick" and so on. In order to develop the production along the Great Wall and solve the supply problem of the garrison, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the garrison has adopted an effective policy of "cultivating the fields" and immigrants have gone to reclaim land at the same time. Qin Shihuang set up twelve counties along the Great Wall, namely Longxi, Beidi, Shang Jun, Jiuyuan, Yunzhong, Yanmen, Dai Jun, Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong, to develop and manage the areas inside and outside the Great Wall. In the Han dynasty, a large number of fields were settled in Gansu and Xinjiang, which greatly developed the production of four counties in Hexi and dozens of vassal States in the western regions. This "wasteland" and "garrison". The system of "land reclamation" lasted for more than two thousand years, which played a positive role in the development of agriculture and animal husbandry production and economic and cultural undertakings in northern China. The Great Wall and beacon towers have played a positive role in protecting and developing "wasteland", protecting agricultural and animal husbandry production in these areas and ensuring the stable life of people in these areas. China has long-term friendly exchanges with countries in Europe, Central Asia and West Asia. It has developed for more than two thousand years since Emperor Wu of Han sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built the Great Wall in Hexi and the cities, pavilions and beacon towers as far away as the western regions at that time. One of the purposes was to defend this 20,000-mile-long traffic avenue and prevent the Xiongnu slave owners and nobles from looting. This has played an important role in consolidating the regime of the Han Dynasty and developing political exchanges, economic trade and cultural exchanges with European and Asian countries. Two thousand years ago, China's silk products, handicrafts and other specialties passed through the motherland, Syria and other countries, surpassing the Mediterranean coastal areas and enjoying a high reputation in the international market. Woolen goods, melons and fruits from Eurasian countries have also been imported into China. In ancient times, this road was called the "Silk Road". Now this ancient Silk Road is full of many artistic treasures. The murals and colored sculptures in Dunhuang Grottoes, the sculptures in Maijishan Grottoes, and the murals in Kuqa, Qizil and Kumutula Grottoes are still shining, telling the glorious history of this avenue. In addition, it is precisely because of the long history of the Great Wall construction and the vast area it crosses that taking the Great Wall as a historical scale can also provide reference for other scientific engineering research. For example, the Yellow River valley where the Great Wall passes. This is an area where rivers change and deserts develop. For thousands of years, due to the erosion of wind and sand and the change of topography, great changes have taken place in the Great Wall built in previous dynasties. Some Great Walls have been gradually submerged by yellow sand, and some Great Walls used to be on the banks of river banks, but now they are far behind the river. After discovering this phenomenon, historical geographers attach great importance to it and think it is a very valuable relic. They used the Great Wall as a yardstick to study the diversion of rivers and the speed of desert development. Because the Great Wall of each dynasty can find out the age of the building and find a reliable basis for studying the diversion of rivers and the speed of desert development. After finding out the law of river diversion and desert development, it will provide reference for sand prevention and river management. China is a country with many earthquakes, and many Great Walls are in the fault position caused by earthquakes. Every earthquake department will leave some traces of the Great Wall breaking or shifting. Historical earthquake researchers use the reliable age of the Great Wall to judge the occurrence of historical earthquakes, so as to study the law of earthquake occurrence and provide reference for further research on earthquake prevention and resistance. The Great Wall is a symbol of the Chinese nation's hard work, wisdom and perseverance, and a common historical wealth of people of all ethnic groups. The Great Wall is a miracle of human history, and all foreign guests and tourists who come to China regard visiting the Great Wall as an indispensable sightseeing project. "You are not a hero until you reach the Great Wall" has become a famous saying of tourists. They all want to climb the Great Wall and see this magnificent historical site with their own eyes. In order to protect this precious heritage of the Chinese nation, in 196 1 year, the State Council announced important sections of the Great Wall of Wan Li, such as Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan, Badaling and Jiayuguan, as national key cultural relics protection units. Special protection institutions have been set up in important sections of the Great Wall, and the state allocates special funds for maintenance every year. The Great Wall will play its due role in socialist construction, and the immortal historical sites will be preserved forever.