Which dynasty developed Guizhou most vigorously in history?

In ancient times, every dynasty never stopped developing Guizhou. Can you believe it?

In fact, whether in troubled times or prosperous times, the development process of Guizhou has never stopped, even during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when the smoke was everywhere. Since the Qin Dynasty, there have been corresponding records on the development of Guizhou, such as the construction of Wuchi Road in Guizhou during the Qin Dynasty, the sending of Tang Meng to Yelang by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the administration of Guizhou by Zhuge Liang during the Three Kingdoms Period, and the opening of Guizhou as the main channel for buying horses in the Southern Song Dynasty. These are all important measures taken by the feudal dynasty to develop Guizhou.

However, it was the Ming Dynasty that developed Guizhou on a large scale. In the early Ming Dynasty, the frontier was unstable. Zhu Yuanzhang realized the important strategic position of Guizhou in the southwest, so before sending troops to attack Yunnan, he said to his generals: If the leader of Guizhou doesn't surrender, even if he occupies Yunnan, he can't keep it.

Since then, Zhu Yuanzhang has regarded Guizhou as an important area for military strategic planning. Therefore, several emperors in the early Ming Dynasty spent a lot of energy in running Guizhou. In the early Ming Dynasty, the large-scale development of Guizhou by the imperial court lasted for hundreds of years. This development wave involves all aspects of politics, economy, culture and social life. It can be said that during this period, Guizhou became a demonstration site for the development and management of frontier ethnic areas in the Ming Dynasty.

Politically, the Ming court first set out to control the separatist situation of chieftain and establish the sovereignty of the central dynasty in Guizhou. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu, Dutong was established in Guizhou, which was the first provincial institution established by the feudal dynasty in Guizhou. In the 11th year of Yongle (A.D. 14 13), the Ming court began to reform the local government in Guizhou, and set up the Guizhou Department for undertaking propaganda, appointing officials and envoys, and later set up the Guizhou Department for judging envoys. Only then did Guizhou have a complete set of provincial administrative organs, and it officially became the 13 province of China at that time. The establishment of Guizhou Province in the Ming Dynasty was an important political measure taken by the imperial court to govern the southwest region, which objectively laid a political foundation for the upcoming large-scale development.

In the long process of establishing Guizhou province, the emperor of the early Ming Dynasty adopted a loose policy towards the chieftains in all parts of Guizhou. In addition to re-granting the original position to the obedient toaster, we should try our best to respect and meet the reasonable requirements put forward by some toasters. The government gave generous rewards to all the chiefs who paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty. In addition, the court also reduced or exempted taxes in minority areas and respected local customs. For those displaced by the war, the Ming court encouraged them to develop production. These measures have effectively stabilized the political situation in Guizhou and created a good social and political environment for economic development.

Economically, the Ming court not only reduced taxes to encourage production in Guizhou, but also made great efforts to improve infrastructure, taking the construction of inter-provincial post roads as an important project to develop Guizhou. In ancient times, the post road was the most important land transportation system, which was essential for both military and production needs. Of course, the Ming court built inter-provincial post roads in Guizhou mainly to meet the needs of setting up health clinics in the military. The Ming court vigorously built and expanded post roads in Guizhou to improve traffic congestion. After decades of efforts, four inter-provincial postal routes have been built: Hunan-Guizhou postal route, Yunnan-Guizhou postal route, Sichuan-Guizhou postal route and Guizhou-Guangxi postal route. The completion of the post road has greatly promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between Guizhou and other provinces.

In the wave of the Ming government's development of Guizhou, there were also large-scale immigrants. From the relatively developed areas, reclaiming land from large-scale immigrants in Guizhou and developing agricultural production was another important measure in the early Ming Dynasty. In order to firmly control the Yunnan-Guizhou region, the Ming Dynasty sent hundreds of thousands of troops to Guizhou, and the families of these troops and soldiers actually became immigrants from Guizhou. They brought advanced production tools and labor production technology, which not only expanded the cultivated land area in Guizhou, but also improved the agricultural production level in Guizhou. In addition to military immigration, the Ming court also implemented the policy of "emigrating to the countryside", with the aim of moving provinces and regions such as the Central Plains to sparsely populated areas such as Guizhou for production. In the fifteen years of Hongwu alone, 24,000 people moved from Guangdong to Guizhou at one time.

Culturally, the Ming government set up official schools in Guizhou provinces, prefectures and counties, mainly to spread Confucianism, and advocated the establishment of academies and sociology in various places to promote the development of culture and education. Before the establishment of the province, there were only three official schools in Guizhou. During 100 years after the establishment of the province, more than 20 official schools were established in the province. By the end of Ming Dynasty, there were more than 60 official schools in this province. With the encouragement of the government, the enthusiasm of non-governmental schools is very high, and there are also many non-governmental academies, such as Wenming Academy in Guiyang and Longgang Academy, which are very famous. According to Ming History, there were as many as 38 academies in Guizhou in the Ming Dynasty, which effectively promoted the development of Guizhou's education and culture.