Revealing the worst massacre in Guangdong in modern times, more than one million people were killed, do you know?

During the Qing Dynasty 1854 to 1867, a large-scale armed fight broke out between Guangdong Guangfu people and Hakka people. The biggest and most tragic civil fight in history lasted 13, and finally developed into the most tragic massacre, killing more than one million people.

First, briefly introduce the origin and formation of Guangdong indigenous Guangfu people and Hakkas.

In the Qing Dynasty, the name of Guangdong Province was officially used. Guangdong aborigines, commonly known as Guangfu people, live in the Pearl River Delta and the western Guangdong Plain, with a vast territory, a large population and few land, and rich products.

However, Hakkas have gone through many hardships and left their homes, and many migrations have led to their displacement. During the Song Dynasty, Hakka ancestors traveled around and finally found a base camp on the border of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, because there was an account at this time. Lord? 、? Guest? What is the division of new immigrants? Hakka? . Over time, you call yourself? Hakka? .

Because the Hakkas moved to Guangdong later than Guangfu people, the Pearl River Delta and the western Guangdong plain had been basically developed by Guangfu people at that time, so the Hakkas could only live in mountainous areas that were difficult to develop. With the passage of time, the Hakka population has gradually increased, and the carrying capacity of barren mountainous areas is limited. The Pearl River Delta and the western Guangdong plain where Guangfu people live are vast in land and sparsely populated, and rich in products. So some Hakkas moved to Zengcheng and Baoan counties on the east coast of the Pearl River Delta, as well as Zhaoqing and Wuyi areas in western Guangdong.

The two ethnic groups live in the same place. Due to the differences in culture, customs and concepts, there will be more or less many contradictions and frictions. And this also laid the groundwork for the struggle between natives in the future.

1854, under the influence of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Uprising, Guangdong Tiandi Society launched an anti-Qing Uprising. The rebels claim to be? Hong Bing? , that is, the Hong Men Rebel Army. The army of Hong Bing Uprising was mainly from Guangfu people, and the insurgents began to besiege Guangzhou.

At that time, Ye, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, was trapped on an isolated island and was in jeopardy. However, there were many rebellions in the Qing Dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in China, and the soldiers had no fixed tone. At that time, it was more popular to practice group training and cultivate courage, which was also a magic weapon for the court to deal with the crisis. At first, Ye Chenming raised a lot of money, but the war continued, and the government fell into deficit and ran out of funds. Ye used the official title as bait, and paid money to recruit people with the squire with rich shareholders to fight hand in hand with the court.

In this process, Ke Yong, composed of Hakkas, came into being. In the process of assisting the government forces to suppress Hong Bing, some customers in Heshan, Gaoyao, Kaiping and other places took the opportunity to publish personal vendettas to retaliate against Guangfu people who had some conflicts in their daily lives, and burned and robbed many Guangfu people.

Some powerful squires in the Ministry of Recovery and People's Republic of China saw at a glance that it was still there. It is right to unite against the rise of Hakkas. So they teamed up with Guangfu people around them to create rumors, saying that Hakka people would turn their backs on their customers and kill all of us Guangfu people.

So the surrounding Kaiping, Enping, Heshan, Gaoming and other places also raised flags and began to fight against the Hakkas. If the Hakkas don't give in, who's afraid of who? They also choose able-bodied men to kill each other, and you come and go. At this point, the largest and most tragic armed private struggle among local people officially broke out.

So does the government care about this? At that time, on the one hand, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Hong Bing Uprising, on the other hand, the Second Opium War broke out, and all the British and French allied forces entered Beijing. How can I manage such a civil fight?

Suddenly, the two sides really got to work. The more they do it, the deeper their hatred, and the more they can't stop. This battle started in Wuyi area and spread to Yunfu, Zhaoqing, Yangjiang, Maoming and other places. 13 was bleeding in this battle, and the death toll on both sides reached one million.

In the first six years of fighting, the Qing government did not take it seriously and thought it was just a simple affray. In the middle of three years, when I found that things were really serious, I threatened and intimidated them to promote peace between the two sides. However, at this time, both the Turkish side and the Turkish side have already killed their eyes. Where can they stop? In the last four years, because the political influence of Guangfu people is far greater than that of Hakkas, there are many gentlemen and bureaucrats, and they keep suing the capital, detailing the ferocity of bandits and so on. The government was forced by the pressure or bribery of the powerful after the recovery to appease by encirclement and suppression, mainly the Hakka people, thus basically quelling the fighting cases that spread in 13.

In fact, the fighting in the last three years has evolved into a confrontation between Hakkas and royalists due to the intervention of officers and men. After so many years of fighting, the Hakkas are tired of fighting, and finally they are all at ease. If a guest asks for help, there must be a good arrangement. It is impossible to be in the same place as Guangfu people. Except for the Hakkas in TaiShan QingChi XiTang, Gaoming Wukeng and Heshan Yunxiang, other Hakkas either returned to their original places or were placed in Gaozhou, Lianzhou, Leizhou, Qiongzhou, Hainan, and Guidong, and some Hakkas even crossed the ocean to make a living. It can be said that the unrest of Hakkas led to the fifth great migration of Hakkas.

This series of changes has led to a sharp decline in the Hakka population in the Pearl River Delta. For example, before the war between the aborigines and the Hakkas in Siyi area, the Hakkas accounted for about one-fifth of the local population, but after the war, the Hakkas only accounted for three percent of the local population.

The largest, most tragic and longest-lasting civil brawl in history not only caused great harm to Turks and tourists, but also dealt a heavy blow to the local economy. It is this tragic conflict that killed hundreds of thousands of people that directly led to the large-scale overseas migration of Guangfu people and Hakkas in Wuyi and other places. Thousands of Guangfu people and Hakkas immigrated to Southeast Asia and North America, and also formed a large number of overseas Chinese in Guangdong.