What is a standard bearer and what is Manchu?

1, the flag bearer is 159 1. After Nurhachi unified the ministries of the country, he established the Eight Banners system, and the people in the Eight Banners were referred to as themselves for short. Banners are played in wartime and produced in peacetime. The Eight Banners broke the original split situation, making Nurhachi directly in charge of the Eight Banners, and the flag bearer at that time had a certain position;

2. Manchu is Manchu, a minority in northern China. Manchu has a long history. It is speculated that the history of Manchu can be traced back to the period of Sushen Liu Xin culture and Chachong culture 7000 years ago. Sushen, Toulou, Buji, Mohong, Bohai and Nvzhen are the ancestors of modern Manchu. Heishui Mohong is the direct ancestor of Manchu, and later developed into Jurchen. Manchu is the only minority in the history of China who established the Central Plains Dynasty twice.

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The Eight Banners System is a three-level organization, namely Lu Niu-Kara Banner. Lu Niu is the foundation of the Eight Banners system. Lu Niu of Manchu is a traditional hunting organization of Nuzhen. According to Volume III of Records of Manchuria, "Manchus went out hunting, opened the encirclement, each shot an arrow, ten people were neutral, and one was the general leader. They are nine people, each of whom has his own direction, and they are not allowed to be confused. This is always called the true amount of Lu Niu (original note: Hua Yan Dajian, two strikes, Hua Yan Zhu Ye). " Therefore, the derivative meaning of "Lu Niu" refers to the ten-member hunting group voluntarily combined by the big arrow holders.

Lu Niu is indeed the leader recommended by the ten-member team. At the beginning of Nurhachi's founding, the number of people in Lu Niu was not very fixed, and it was set at 300 in the year of Xin Chou (A.D. 160 1). Each cow record is set by one person. For two generations, they helped Lu Niu manage people's families, farmland houses, military records and so on. Zhang Jing's son has four people, who are responsible for documents and expenses respectively. In the eighth year of Tiancong, Huang Taiji named Zhang Jing's Manchu name "Doctor Library". Kara is a first-class organization, above Lu Niu and under the banner. Turn five cow records into one.

A stay is all the way, stopping in one place and hitting in one place. Flag (Gushan) is the highest organizational form of the Eight Banners system. Have jurisdiction over Wujia. During the period of Nurhachi, Nuzhen Gushan was set as the leader, and two Nuzhen Maile were the deputies. It turns out that the heads of various ministries of Jurchen are all called Baylor. After the establishment of the Eight Banners, Baylor was divided into main flag Baylor and non-main flag Baylor. Baylor, the main flag, is called Heshuo Baylor in Manchu, which means "four corners". Heshuo Baylor means the Lord of one party, that is, the Lord of one flag. The Heshuo Baylor of the main flag in Nurhachi period is as follows:

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Baidu Encyclopedia-Banner Man? Baidu encyclopedia-Manchu