Costa Rican society

Costa Rica has many cultures, and Central America and South America meet here. /kloc-When the Spanish conquered America in the 6th century, the northern part of Costa Rica was the southernmost territory of Mayan civilization, the central and southern parts were the territory of Chibucha people, and the west coast was inhabited by slaves trafficked from Africa in the 7th and 8th centuries. At this time, many China laborers came here to build railways.

Costa Rican music, including Tambito and Ponto, is very unique. For example, "punto guanacasteco" comes from Guanacaste province, while "Punto San Carle &; Ntilde; O "from San Carlos, Alavera Province. There are many music and legends from northern Costa Rica (once the Maya's sphere of influence) and the Atlantic coast.

Costa Rica's national happiness index ranks first in the world. The labor law stipulates that enterprises can establish trade union organizations. The national trade union organizations in Costa Rica are: Federation of Trade Unions (CTRN), with about 46,000 members; Workers' Movement Center (CMTC), with about 20,000 members; Juan Mora Center (CJM) has about 654.38+700,000 members.

The national trade union organizations are represented in government technical advisory bodies such as the Labor Safety and Health Committee, the National Wage Committee and the Labor High Committee, and negotiate with the government and enterprises on labor safety, health, wages and welfare on their behalf.

Costa Rican citizens have the right to assembly and procession according to law, and most of them go on strike for wages and social welfare. The strike will be held peacefully under the organization of trade unions. There are few large-scale collective strikes nationwide, and they will not lead to social unrest or violent bloody conflicts. 20 13 1 June, the re-education teachers' union (ANEP) went on strike to protest the insufficient wage increase. In June, 20 1 1, many social groups and trade unions held strikes and demonstrations, opposing the increase of electricity prices, the collection of new taxes and the privatization of medical services. On March 20th, 20 14, trade unions in the fields of health and education went on strike, demanding the establishment of a wage increase mechanism, etc. 1 1 demands. On June 6, 20 14, the Costa Rican private enterprise trade union held talks with the Colombian Ministry of Labor, demanding a salary increase of 4.12% in the second half of 20 14; At the same time, the Greek government introduced a new wage policy to reduce social injustice. Rafael, a member of the National Association of Employees of Public and Private Enterprises (ANEP), said that 4. 12% is the inflation rate as of May 20 14 plus the adjusted base 1%. Victor Melar, Minister of Labor, admitted that he would not stick to the wage calculation method from 20 1 1 to 10. This method uses the estimated inflation rate instead of the actual inflation rate when calculating wages, which makes it difficult for workers and the government to accept the increase in wages when the actual inflation rate is much higher than the estimated inflation rate. Therefore, the government, enterprises and workers are completely open. Costa Rica's national football team is a Costa Rican football team, which is managed by the Costa Rican Football Association. In people's memory, Costa Rica is not a strong team even in Central and North America, where the football level is backward. This is also the reason why the national football team set the goal of "losing Brazil, drawing Turkey, winning Costa Rica and qualifying with goal difference" in the 2002 World Cup. However, in the 20 14 World Cup in Brazil, Costa Rica stood out from the group with two wins and one draw, ranking first in the group. Greece, which defeated eleven men with ten men, entered the quarter-finals, 120 minutes drew the Netherlands, dragged the game into a penalty shootout, and finally lost to the Netherlands 4-3.

Costa Rica last reached the World Cup finals in 2006. The first time I entered the World Cup, it made my eyes shine. In fact, the former 16 was added to 1990. Costa Rica's best performance in the Copa America was in 2002, when it won the second place. They also won the Central American Nations Cup five times. They were invited to the Copa America three times and were eliminated from the quarterfinals twice.

Costa Rica's usual formation is 3-5-2, and their midfield is very flexible in the game. They usually let their opponents cross the midfield and then fight back on the wing with their amazing speed. The physique of African players makes Costa Rican players superior in speed and often gives a fatal blow to the opponent's defense. When both of their wings are attacking, other midfielders will quickly make up for the vacancy they left behind.

Costa Rica has a strong attack, scoring 25 goals in 14 games, thanks to their two excellent strikers. Fonseca and Wan are both hounds in the restricted area, and they have a strong ability to seize opportunities. The two men cooperate very tacitly and are also a pair of sharp knives with great lethality. In addition, in the 1990 World Cup, veteran Medford who scored the winning goal is still in the team, so Costa Rica's offensive power is enough to make them proud.

Famous players include Juan Arnoldo Cayasso, Centeno, Fonseca, Ronald Gomez, Luis Marin, Martinez, Jose Mauricio Montero, Souris, mauricio wright, Lopez, Alexander Guimares, Medford, Ganshalis, Juan Uola, Renaldo Parks, Eric Ronnis, Locha and Edford. Colombia's telecommunications industry is developed and ranks among the best in Latin American countries. In 2006, there were 34 telephone lines for every 100 people, and the number of Internet users in China was 1.2 1.4 million. Colombia's telecommunications industry is monopolized by Costa Rica's National Electricity Authority (ICE).

telephone

According to the statistics of Costa Rica National Power Telecommunication Company, there are 654.38+370,000 fixed telephone users, 2.2 million network users and 6.2 million mobile phone users in China. National Power Communication Corporation is in an absolute dominant position in the industry. Costa Rica has gradually opened up the telecommunications market, in which the market share of Movistar and Claro has gradually increased, and the monopoly position of the national power telecommunications company has changed.

internet

10, Costa Rica was called the fifth country with Internet service in Latin America after Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Argentina. The average broadband speed of users is 2. 1M/ s, which is only higher than a few Latin American countries such as Honduras and El Salvador. Internet is widely used in Costa Rica, with broadband access in major central cities and coastal cities and dial-up access in small cities. The overall level of network speed is still low, which is related to insufficient network construction and slow government decision-making.

postal services

The post office is open from 7: 00 to18: 00 from Monday to Friday; Saturday is from 7 o'clock to 12 o'clock; Rest on Sunday. There are express delivery services such as DHL. Television media: The most influential local television media in Colombia are private TV 6 and 7, and state-owned TV 13. The local cable TV company broadcast nearly 100 TV programs to the public. Except for a few TV stations, most of them are international channels in Europe and America.

Broadcast media: The most influential local radio stations are two comprehensive radio stations, namely Mongolia and Colombia.

Newspaper media: La Nación, a national comprehensive daily newspaper, has the largest circulation, with a daily circulation of over 65,438+million, covering all aspects of politics, economy and society; La República is the second largest newspaper with a daily circulation of about 80,000 copies, with a slight emphasis on economic and financial aspects and people's lives. In addition, there are newspapers and periodicals such as La Prensa Libre, Diario Extra and Al Día a.

Journalists' Association: Journalists can get work permits without the training of this association. Journalists' Association has limited influence on the media industry and its organization is relatively loose. There are no rebels in Colombia, and the life of domestic residents is very calm. However, with the influx of a large number of immigrants, the social unemployment rate is rising, the public security situation is deteriorating, theft and robbery cases are frequent, and the law does not impose heavy penalties on ordinary crimes, which leads to an increase in the social crime rate in Colombia. Local residents can legally hold firearms after proper training, and wealthy families hire more security guards. Crimes against foreigners are mainly theft and robbery of property.

According to OIJ's statistics, in 20 13 years, the incidence of robbery in Costa Rica rose sharply, rising by 37% and 23% respectively, totaling 13647.

In 20 13 years, there were no terrorist attacks or vicious cases against enterprises or citizens in China. Costa Rica has established and developed 34 natural parks, all of which have become important tourist attractions for Costa Rica to earn foreign exchange by 20 14.

According to the statistics released by the National Nature Reserve of Colombia, in the first half of 2003, more than 500,000 tourists visited the nature park, earning more than 2 million US dollars, 2.3 times that of last year.

The increase in the income of Costa Rica Nature Park is mainly due to the increase of foreign tourists and the adoption of double admission fees. For Colombian tourists, the park entrance fee is $65,438+$0.45 per person, but it is $7 per person for foreign tourists, almost five times that of domestic tourists.

Among the 34 natural parks, three active volcanic parks, such as Poyas, Arenal and Irazu, and several coastal parks in the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean are the most visited. Their income accounts for 76% of the total income of national natural parks. Located in the isthmus of Central America, it faces the Caribbean Sea in the east and the North Pacific Ocean in the west, with a coastline of 1290 km. Costa Rica borders Nicaragua in the north and Panama in the southeast, with a total area of 565,438+065,438+000 square kilometers. In recent years, hawaii volcanoes national park, Hawaii, tenorio, Costa Rica has become a popular destination for tourists. In addition to the original rainforest of 128 19 hectares, the famous waterfalls and blue lagoons make people feel like they are in a paradise. Costa Rica is known as "Switzerland in Central America" for its comfortable lifestyle, relatively democratic political environment and beautiful natural scenery. San Jose is 1 163 meters above sea level, with a pleasant climate and an average annual temperature of about 20 degrees. The seasons are like spring, flowers are in full bloom, and the city is shaded by trees. The courtyards on both sides of the road are full of acacia, camellia and roses, and the whole city is like a big garden. Therefore, San Jose is also known as the Flower City. Houses in this city are generally built very low and light in structure, mostly small two-story houses. The street is built on the mountain, and it is not funny at all. There is a bright Chinese font in front of the China restaurant on the street. Red couplets are posted on both sides of the door, and the word "rice" is written on red paper, which is rich in China national characteristics. Except for the spacious central avenue, other streets in the urban area are relatively narrow, and many ancient buildings still maintain the style of 1200 years ago.

/kloc-Spanish churches and bell towers in the 0/8th century stand in new modern buildings. Urban construction also has a special model. There are churches in all districts. There must be a small park in front and a school next to it. Bronze statues and marble statues of national heroes, famous politicians, artists or Indians often stand on the lawn of parks. There are also many museums in this city. The National Museum is located in an ancient castle-like building in the city center, which mainly displays various precious historical relics. The Jade Museum displays all kinds of jade articles before the discovery of the New World. The Gold Coin and Coin Museum displays gold and silver handicrafts and coins before the discovery of the New World. In addition, there are insect museums and natural science museums. Arenal volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and the most famous and active volcano in Costa Rica. It is located about 147 km northwest of the capital San Jose, with an altitude of 1633 meters. Its conical crater can be seen anywhere a few kilometers away from nearby Fiona Fang, which is particularly spectacular against the blue sky and white clouds. Arenal volcano altitude1633m. 1968 On July 29th, there was a big explosion. It is said that the lava at that time covered more than 700 hectares of the earth's surface, causing huge losses. Arenal volcano is much calmer now, except for the occasional small eruption.

The trails and nearby hills in hawaii volcanoes national park are the best places to watch volcanoes. The volcano erupts intermittently, causing huge volcanic ash fog and huge roar in the sky, which can be seen dozens of kilometers away. At night, the landscape of arenal volcano is more spectacular. Magma rolled down the hillside with rocks melted by high temperature, forming a very strange but brilliant "fireworks", which usually extends at least 5 kilometers away and is one of the famous wonders in Central America. In addition, there are picturesque lakes and mountains near the volcano, and a steaming hot spring river winds through it, so you can soak in hot springs almost anytime and anywhere, so there are many tourists here. Osuna National Wildlife Refuge is located in Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. /kloc-0 was established as a nature reserve in 1982, and/kloc-0 officially became a national wildlife reserve in 1984, covering an area of 85.7 square kilometers. It is one of the two most important olive turtle reserves in the world.

The establishment of Oshuna National Wildlife Sanctuary is to protect olive turtles, so that olive turtles can breed safely here. Every year, hundreds or even thousands of beautiful turtles land and nest in Osuna National Wildlife Refuge on the west coast of Costa Rica, attracting tourists from all over the world to watch this spectacle. Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve is located in Punta reinas and Alajuela provinces. Founded in 1973, it consists of tropical rain forest with an area of 10500. About 70000 people visit this reserve every year. Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve is famous for its biodiversity and integrity, which is of great significance to biological protection and research. The nature reserve consists of seven ecological zones, 90% of which are virgin forests. This is a protected area with ecological diversity, and it is home to more than 2,500 species of plants, 100 species of mammals, 400 species of birds, 120 species of reptiles and amphibians, and thousands of insects.

About 10% of more than 2,500 species of plants in Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve are endemic to the region. Guanacaste Nature Reserve is located in the northwest of Costa Rica. It starts from Costa Rica, which is 0/2 mile away from the Pacific Ocean/kloc-0, crosses the inland along the Pacific coast, passes through three volcanoes, and then dives into the lowlands, with a total length of about 105 km and the highest point of 19 16 meters. 65438-0999 Guanacaste Nature Reserve is listed as a World Natural Heritage by UNESCO. The land area of the reserve is 88,000 hectares and the ocean area is 43,000 hectares. These statistics are not included in the 3000-5000 hectares of land newly designated as protected areas.

Guanacaste Nature Reserve includes a series of volcanic areas, the most famous of which is Kong Lin-Delabeye Ha volcano, which has three craters and a lagoon. The last volcanic eruption was observed in 1970s, but there was still a crater spewing all the time, and 32 rivers and 65,438+06 geysers originated near the volcano.

Guanacaste Nature Reserve is one of the most important natural habitats in the world, which maintains biodiversity, including the best dryland forest habitat, biological communities from Central America to northern Mexico, and major endangered animals and plants. The land and coastal environment in this place is very important for ecological activities, including: the evolution, continuation and restoration of tropical dryland forests in the Pacific Ocean; Highland migration, other interactive biological and ecological activities, and the rise and development of coral communities and coral reefs. The unique Talamanca Yangzhi-La Armitstead Reserve covers an area of more than 800,000 hectares and is located in the middle of America, at the junction of Costa Rica and Panama. The nature reserve was left here by Quaternary glaciers, where animals and plants from North America and South America lived and planted together. The tropical rain forest covered most of the nature reserve. Four different Indian tribes live in this land and they benefit from the close cooperation between Costa Rica and Panama.

Due to the climatic characteristics and fertile soil, this area presents rich and colorful landforms and forms many different habitats. In Talamanca Yangzhi-Armitstead Nature Reserve, you can enjoy the forests in the clouds, the scenery of Lilliput, the desolate valleys, the descendants of Sibu and the sacred birds worshipped by Aztecs. In addition to natural wonders, there are many ancient cultural relics in this area. At present, more than 200 sites have been discovered, including tombs, stone pillars and prehistoric rock paintings, covering the history of 12000 years. Corcos Island National Park is 550 kilometers away from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. It is the only island with tropical rain forest in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. Its location is closest to the northern equatorial countercurrent, and it is also the place where the island interacts with the surrounding marine ecosystem. Therefore, this area is an ideal laboratory for studying biological processes. From 65438 to 0997, UNESCO listed it as a natural heritage on the World Heritage List.

Corcos Island is rugged. In the ingenious "creation" of nature, there are many kinds of rocks on the island, and waterfalls, cliffs and labyrinth underground caves can be seen everywhere. The underwater world of Corcos Island is recognized as the best place to watch pelagic creatures in the world. A large number of marine life, such as sharks, rays, tuna and dolphins, grow in the transparent blue sea water. The rare animals and plants on the island attract tourists from all over the world every year. According to statistics, there are 97 species of birds, 2 species of endangered reptiles, 57 species of crustaceans, more than 500 species of marine mollusks, more than 500 species of insects, more than 300 species of marine fish and 5 species of freshwater fish. The coral reefs here are even more colorful and colorful. 1, original passport. A copy of the passport photo page must be certified by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Embassy.

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