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Zhang Zuolin

Zhang Zuolin (1875.3.19 - 1928.6.4),

The leader of the Fengxian warlord, named Yuting. Born on March 19, 1875 in Xiaowa Village, Xixi, Haicheng County, Liaoning Province (now Zhangjia Wopeng Village, Yejia Village, Dongfeng Town, Dawa County, Panjin City).

Zhang Zuolin came from a poor family when he was young and worked as a herdsman. When he was 12 years old, he went to a private school to eavesdrop. He was discovered by the private school teacher Yang Jingzhen and allowed him to study for free. When he was 14 years old, his father died, and he followed his mother to Zhen'an County (now Heishan County) to join his maternal grandfather. To make a living, he sold steamed buns, worked as a salesman, and studied carpentry. Later, he studied veterinarian and horsemanship with his stepfather.

In 1894, he was exiled to Yingkou because he avenged his father's murder. When the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894 broke out, he joined the Yi Army stationed at Tianzhuang Terrace in Yingkou. Later, due to his outstanding performance, he was promoted to be the bodyguard of Song Qing, the commander of Yi Army. , later promoted to corps commander. After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War of 1895-1895, he was repatriated in March 1895, returned to his hometown, and joined the wilderness. In 1902, he was recruited by the government and served as the aide and commander of the patrol cavalry. He was promoted to Taonan garrison for his merits in suppressing bandits.

During the Wuchang Uprising, Zhang Zuolin raised troops to serve the king and served as deputy minister of the military department of the "Fengtian National Security Association" to suppress the revolutionary army. He was specially promoted by the Qing court and served as the "minister of military training outside the customs", and was rewarded with a flower feather on his head. He was appointed as the general office of the Patrol Camp Office in charge of the military power of Fengtian Province and became the largest military leader in Fengtian Province. After Yuan Shikai became president, he was appointed lieutenant general and commander of the 27th Division in 1912. After Yuan Shikai became emperor, he was named Viscount and General Shengwu, supervising Fengtian military affairs and envoy to patrol. After Yuan's death, he was appointed by the Beijing government as The governor of Fengtian and the governor of the three eastern provinces, with the help of Japan, took control of the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang, and became the leader of the Fengtian clique. After that, Zhang Zuolin used the northeast as his base to expand his power into the pass. Before the outbreak of the Zhili-Anhui War in July 1920, he and the Zhizhili Communist Party controlled the Beijing government.

In April 1922, the first Zhili-Fengtian War was launched. After the defeat, Zhang Zuolin used the "Three Northeastern Provincial Councils" to elect himself as the security commander-in-chief of the three Northeastern provinces and declared Northeastern autonomy. In 1924, he launched the second Zhili-Fengtian War, defeated the Zhili warlords and took control of the Beiyang government. In 1926, he was named commander-in-chief of the Anguo Army. In April 1927, 35 patriotic progressives including Communist Li Dazhao were killed.

On June 18, 1927, Zhang Zuolin took office as the Grand Marshal of the Army and Navy of the Beiyang Military Government in Beijing, exercised his power of governance on behalf of the Republic of China, became the supreme ruler of the country, and formed the 32nd and also the 32nd session of the Beiyang Warlords during the rule of the Republic of China. The last cabinet became the last ruler of the Beiyang military regime.

In April 1928, under the attack of the four major armies of Chiang, Feng, Yan and Gui, Fengjun collapsed across the board. On June 2, Zhang Zuolin announced his withdrawal from Beijing. Because he did not meet all the requirements of Japanese imperialism (including mining, setting up factories, immigration, and building a port in Huludao, etc.), at about 5 o'clock in the morning on June 4, 1928, when Zhang Zuolin returned to Fengtian from Beijing, the special train arrived at the Imperial The bridge tunnel at the intersection of the Beijing-Fenghuang Railway and the Nanman-Manchuria Railway near Gutun was blown up by a bomb planted by the Japanese Kwantung Army. This hero of the troubled times was seriously injured and died on the same day at the age of 53

Tang Erhu

Tang Yulin, whose courtesy name was Gechen and nicknamed Erhu, was born in 1869 in a poor family in Yixian County, Liaoning Province. When he was a boy, Tang Yulin was doing small jobs for others. He was robbed for driving a cart and pulling his feet. So he took the risk and became a bandit, dominating western Liaoning. When Tang Yulin dominated western Liaoning, he saved Zhang Zuolin's life. Zhang and Tang became life-and-death friends. Later, Zhang invited Tang to join an insurance team. In September 1902, Zhang Zuolin led his troops and was appeased, and Tang Yulin became the left sentry officer of the guerrilla cavalry. Because of his meritorious service in killing Du Lisan, a giant bandit in western Liaoning, he was promoted to the second battalion to help lead. In 1908, Zhang Zuolin was ordered to suppress the Mongolian rebel bandits Tao Ke, Tao Hu, and Tang Yulin, and risked their lives twice to rescue Zhang Zuolin. After the Revolution of 1911, Zhang Zuolin was promoted to commander of the 27th Division, and Tang Yulin was appointed commander of the 27th Cavalry Regiment. In 1913, he was appointed as the commander of the 53rd Brigade of the 27th Division.

When Zhang Zuolin took charge of Feng Province, Tang was still the commander of the 53rd Brigade and concurrently served as the secret agent commander of the provincial capital. Tang was lawless and abused military power in the provincial capital, which was deeply hated by the citizens. Successive police chiefs were afraid of Tang Yulin and were unable to punish Tang's illegal officers and soldiers. In May 1916, Zhang Zuolin appointed Wang Yongjiang as the Chief of Police of Fengtian Province and the Director of the Provincial Capital Police. Wang punished Bingben for breaking the law and punished him by force, which aroused Tang Yulin's dissatisfaction, and conflicts between the military and the police broke out from time to time. Later, the police accidentally captured Tang Yulin's detective, and the conflict between the military and the police became increasingly fierce. When Zhang Zuolin agreed to cancel the power of secret reporting to arrest criminals. Tang regarded Wang as his mortal enemy, so he gathered Zhang Jinghui and others to meet with Zhang Zuolin in armed force, insisting that Zhang Zuolin replace Wang Yongjiang. Later, the conflict developed into a conspiracy against Zhang Zuolin with Feng Delin, commander of the 28th Division, Zhang Zuolin's old enemy. After the defeat, Tang Suo had only 200 followers. Zhang Zuolin missed his old friendship and heard that Tang had a regretful heart, so he sent Wu Junsheng to accept Tang Yulin. Tang knew his past mistakes and sincerely regretted it. Zhang Zuolin planned to use his post to observe the consequences. Unexpectedly, it was later discovered that Tang had colluded with those in power in the Beijing government and planned to recruit troops to replace Zhang, so it was no longer used. In 1917, Tang and Feng went to Beijing to participate in Zhang Xun's failed restoration, and Tang fled back to his hometown and lived in seclusion. Later, at the request of Zhang Zuoxiang, Zhang Jinghui, Ji Jinchun and Tang Mu, Zhang Zuolin agreed that Tang should return to the provincial capital and accepted Tang Yulin with tolerance. Zhang and Tang reconciled, and Zhang appointed Tang as the advisor to the Lieutenant General of the Inspection Commission of the Three Eastern Provinces. After the Zhijiang-Anhui War broke out, Tang served as the reconnaissance captain and sneaked into Beijing.

He came back in 1920 and served as the garrison envoy of Dongbian Road and the commander of the right patrol battalion. During the first Zhili-Fengtian War in 1922, Tang served as brigade commander; during the second Zhili-Fengtian War in 1924, Tang led his troops to be stationed in Suizhong as the general reserve force. After the war, he was promoted to commander of the 11th Division. When Guo Songling rebelled, Tang fought bravely and was promoted to commander of the 12th Army. Soon he became the governor of Rehe and guarded the northwest gate of Fengzhang. After the change of flag in Northeast China on December 29, 1928, Tang Yulin served as a member of the Northeast Political Affairs Committee and Chairman of Rehe Province. He ruled Jehol for 6 years and turned Jehol into his own independent kingdom. In 1933, the Japanese army launched a massive attack on Rehe. Tang Yulin abandoned Rehe and fled to Luanping, deploying a large number of military vehicles to transport private property. The Japanese army occupied Chengde in less than 10 days. Tang Yulin was wanted by the Nationalist Government. In October 1933, Song Zheyuan incorporated the Tang Ministry and appointed Tang Yulin as the general counselor of the 29th Army. He lost military power ever since. On January 9, 1934, the Nanjing government canceled the arrest warrant for Tang. On May 2, the Peking Army Branch appointed him as a senior adviser. He was dismissed six months later and returned to his residence in Tianjin. He died of illness in Tianjin in May 1937 at the age of 68.

Zhang Zuolin has indeed done many reactionary things, but as a Chinese, he has never done anything to betray the country. From this point of view, he is definitely not a traitor!

To be specific, what reactionary things did Zhang Zuolin do? The most reminiscent thing is the murder of the progressive man Li Dazhao. The text we have learned about the murder of the martyr Li Dazhao also reads like this: Li Dazhao was reactionary Military police killed. This is one of the bad things Zhang Zuolin did as a warlord.

From another perspective, although Zhang Zuolin was a warlord and participated in warlord wars, he was definitely not a traitor. Although he relied on the Japanese to develop his own team and became a member of the Feng Faction in his life, The leader of the warlord, but he later discovered that the Japanese did not have good intentions towards China, so he also hated the Japanese. The Japanese threatened him to do some things that were harmful to the country, but he did not submit to the Japanese, so the Japanese Thinking that he was of no use anymore, and wanted to assist the pro-Japanese faction Yang Yuting and Chang Yinhuai to replace Zhang Zuolin, they bombed Zhang Zuolin to death in Huanggutun, Shenyang in 1928.

Here is a story about Zhang Zuolin who was not a traitor to his country. Once he invited many friends to dinner. During this period, he gave a Japanese inscription and signed it as "Zhang Zuolin has a black hand". Someone reminded him: he should write "Zhang Zuolin" "Hand ink", he said: "Not an inch of land should be left to the Japanese." Although the reason for saying this is that he may have selfish motives and want to monopolize the territory for himself, it cannot be denied that Zhang Zuo is not a traitor for the time being.