How many times has the capital of Hebei changed?

Hebei province, referred to as "Hebei" for short, is named after its location in the north of the Yellow River. It is located in North China Plain, bordering Bohai Sea in the east, Beijing and Tianjin in the inner ring, Taihang Mountain in the west, Yanshan Mountain in the north and Zhangbei Plateau at the northern foot of Yanshan Mountain.

Hebei Province governs Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Handan, Xingtai, Baoding, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Cangzhou, Langfang, Hengshui and other 1 1 prefecture-level cities, with Shijiazhuang as the capital. With a total population of 7 1.85 million and a total area of 1.88 million square kilometers, the province is the only province in China with plateaus, mountains, hills, basins, plains, grasslands and coasts, with a temperate monsoon climate.

Since ancient times, Hebei has been a legendary land of "generous and sad people". In fact, the same legendary place is the capital of Hebei Province, which has been changed more than ten times, ranking first in the country! Today, Maruko, let's see where we have moved these ten times.

The predecessors of Hebei Province were 1928 in North Zhili in Ming Dynasty, Zhili in Qing Dynasty and Zhili in Republic of China. Until June 1928, the government of the Republic of China changed its name to Hebei Province because the name of Zhili Province was false. So Hebei Province changed its name twice. Let's see how legendary the changes in the provincial capital are.

1. Daming mansion (now daming county, Handan) [12]

1644, Manchu entered the customs and changed the northern Zhili of the Ming Dynasty to Zhili. 1648, the governors of Zhili, Shandong and Henan provinces were set up in Daming House (now daming county, Handan City), which was called Daming House in Zhili in history.

1658, zhili province was formally established, with zhili governor, and the seat of government was in Daming mansion. In fact, Daming House was once the capital of the Song Dynasty during the Northern Song Dynasty. Anyone who has seen the Water Margin must know that "Yang Zhi and Song Jiangdu once stabbed Daming Mansion".

2. Calm House (now Zhengding County, Hebei Province) [9 years]

1660, the Manchu emperor moved the governor of Zhili to calm down and became the second administrative center of Zhili, but it was only the provincial capital for nine years.

3. Baoding [244]

1669, Emperor Kangxi ordered the governor of Zhili to move the capital to Baoding. During the Yongzheng period, the governor of Zhili was changed to the governor of Zhili, and the resident remained unchanged.

From 1669 to the early years of the Republic of China (19 13), it has been the administrative center of Zhili for nearly 250 years, and Baoding has long been the political, economic and cultural center of Zhili. Baoding Zhili Governor's Office is the only well-preserved provincial capital of Qing Dynasty in China.

4. Tianjin [15]

1870 ~ 1902 period, zhili governor and minister of Beiyang trade. The governor usually works in Tianjin in summer and Baoding in the rest of the time.

19 1 1 The Revolution of 1911 broke out and the Republic of China was founded, so the provincial capital of Zhili officially moved to Tianjin in 19 13.

5. Beiping (now Beijing) [2 years]

1June, 928, the National Revolutionary Army occupied Tianjin, and the Nanjing National Government established Tianjin Special City. In view of the improper use of words in Zhili province, the national government changed the land to Hebei province north of the Yellow River in June 5438+00, and moved the provincial capital to Peiping (now Beijing).

6. Tianjin [5 years]

1June, 930, Tianjin Special City was changed into a municipality directly under the Central Government and the Executive Yuan. 165438+ 10. In October, the capital of Hebei Province was moved from Beiping to Tianjin, and the municipality directly under the central government of Tianjin was changed to a provincial city.

7. Baoding [2 years]

1June, 935, the capital of Hebei moved to Baoding, and Tianjin was changed to a municipality directly under the central government.

8. Wandering period [8 years]

1On July 7th, 937, the Japanese invaders launched the July 7th Incident, and the war was completed overnight. At that time, the provincial government was like a boat in a storm, and the place where it was stationed was constantly changing. However, in order to better develop War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Hebei provincial government has successively carried out work in Daming, Luoyang, Yanxian (now Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), Beiping, Baoding, xi 'an and other places.

9. Beiping (now Beijing) [8 months]

1945, the sons and daughters of China won the victory in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 1945165438+10, Hebei province will move back to Beijing for office.

10. Baoding [1 year 4 months]

1July, 946, Hebei provincial government agencies moved back to Baoding from Beiping, and Baoding became the capital of Hebei province for the third time.

1 1. Beiping (now Beijing) [1 8 months a year]

The war of liberation broke out in August 1945. Due to the war, the capital of Hebei Province moved back to Beiping on 10, 1947+065438.

12. Baoding [9 years]

From 65438 to 0949, the whole territory of Hebei was liberated. In July of the same year, the Central People's Government designated Hebei Province as Baoding, and the People's Government of Hebei Province was formally established in August, so it is not surprising that Hebei University is not in Shijiazhuang.

13. Tianjin [9 years]

1949 10, and Tianjin was changed to a municipality directly under the central government. 1958 In February, Hebei Province merged with Tianjin, and the capital of Hebei Province moved to Tianjin again.

14. Baoding [1 year and 8 months]

During the period of 1966, the Sino-Soviet relationship deteriorated and the danger of war increased due to the expansion of the American invasion of Vietnam. In view of Tianjin's geographical location close to the sea, which may become the main battlefield, the Hebei provincial government is preparing to move to the provincial capital in order to better command the war. And in May of 1966, the interests of Hebei and Tianjin conflicted, and Baoding became the capital of Hebei for the fifth time.

15. Shijiazhuang [Up to now]

1On February 3rd, 968, the Revolutionary Committee of Hebei Province was established in Shijiazhuang. It was considered that "the province is leading, the working class is strong, and the transportation hub is important, which can form the political, economic and cultural center of the province." So Shijiazhuang became the new capital of Hebei province, and it is still a relatively light provincial capital city!

By the way, in fact, two cities in Hebei Province used to be provincial capitals. One is Chengde City, which was the capital of Jehol Province (formally established in 1928) during the Republic of China, until 1955, Jehol Province was revoked and placed in Hebei Province; The other is Zhangjiakou (then called Bird), which was the capital of Chahar Province during the Republic of China until 1952, when Chahar Province was abolished and transferred to Hebei Province in the same year.