When was the Yuan Dynasty established? Where is the capital?

The Yuan Dynasty was founded in 127 1, with its capital in Dadu (present-day Beijing).

1March 260, Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, succeeded to the throne. 127 1 year, the unified dynasty in the north, the Yuan Dynasty, was formally established. The following year, the capital was moved to Yanjing, called Dadu. 1279, the Yuan Dynasty perished in the Southern Song Dynasty and achieved reunification. The Yuan Dynasty was founded by Mongolians, and it was the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in the history of China. The predecessor of the Yuan Dynasty was Great Mongolia established by Genghis Khan.

The official title of the Yuan Dynasty is Dayuan. In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu promulgated the Imperial Decree of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, which was taken from the sentence "We should make great efforts to do the Yuan Dynasty, and do everything we can" in the Book of Changes. The word "Da" in Dayuan is not a kind of honorific title similar to that of Dahan and Datang, because the ruler is Mongolian, so it is also called Mengyuan or Huyuan. 1368, Yuan Ting retreated to Mobei, so it was called the remnant of Yuan Ting, also known as Beiyuan or Canyuan.

Extended data:

Although the Yuan Dynasty was big, it was not as rich as the Southern Song Dynasty. According to the statistics after Kublai Khan's reunification, there are 1 1.84 million households in the south of China and 1.35 million households in the north, with a ratio of nine to one. This south was once ruled by the Southern Song Dynasty. In A.D. 1283 (19th year of Yuan Dynasty), a large number of northern residents went south, reaching 150000 households, equivalent to more than one tenth of the total population in the north.

The Yuan government banned many times, and set up agencies in the Yellow River and the cities of Jianghuai to investigate the refugees who moved south, and ordered them to return to the north. But even so, "people look south and water flows east" did not solve the serious social problem of a large number of people moving south in the north until the demise of the Yuan Dynasty. This is a migration from poor areas to rich areas.

This reflects the economic gap between the North and the South at that time, and also reflects the prosperity of the areas ruled by the Song Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wenzong in the mid-Yuan Dynasty, the national commercial tax was 900,000 ingots, and it was once 260,000 ingots in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the Southern Song Dynasty, while in most areas in the mid-Yuan Dynasty it was only 6.5438+10,000 ingots.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Yuan Dynasty