Why does every family in Fujian have ancestral halls?

The ancestral temple is the root of a family, and each surname has its own ancestral temple, which is rare in Fujian and Guangdong, and it is estimated that it is also true in some parts of the country. China people pay attention to tracing the source, and each ancestral temple has its own story, who its ancestors were, where they came from, and how many generations ago ... This is the inheritance of the Chinese nation, which has been passed down from generation to generation.

The ancestral temple is the root, so we dare not forget our ancestors, let alone do evil and live up to our ancestors. This is the traditional concept of China people. Ancestral temples are places where souls, ancestors and heroes gather. No infamous person can enter the ancestral temple, and all of them are heroes and celebrities, which is an example for the younger generation to learn.

Ancestral temples are particularly valued in Fujian and Guangdong. It is the wish of every successful person to spend huge sums of money to build ancestral temples. The ancestral temple of each surname is resplendent and magnificent, representing the prosperity and development of the family. No matter how busy and far away you are every year, you must come back to worship your ancestors and get together with the same surname. Why are Fujian people and Guangdong people more United, and most of them take ancestral temples as a link, helping each other and not forgetting their ancestors?

Answer first: first, historical reasons, and second, cultural reasons.

Every family in Fujian has a ancestral temple, which is undoubtedly caused by two reasons: history and culture. Let's interpret them one by one:

First, historical reasons:

At present, Hakka people account for a large proportion of Fujian residents, and Hakka people are the most obvious example in this phenomenon that every household has an ancestral temple. Hakkas attach great importance to ancestral temples, which are more caused by historical reasons!

1. The origin of Hakka:

Hakka is an important branch of Han nationality, and it is the main component of aborigines in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Taiwan Province and other places in China. Hakka, as an ancient Han immigrant group in the south, is one of the most widely distributed and far-reaching ethnic groups in the world.

The formation of Hakkas did not happen overnight, but it took five great migrations in history to evolve into the current Hakkas!

A. The first great migration of Hakkas:

In the first year of Yongkang in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 300), the "Eight Kings Rebellion" occurred in the Central Plains. At this time, the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qiang, Bian, Jie and other ethnic minorities in the north took advantage of the situation and fought endlessly with each other, causing the Central Plains to fall into a turbulent situation of "five chaotic flowers blooming". After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Central Plains became the world of conference semifinals. They abandoned farmland, herded cattle and sheep, enslaved Han people, called them bipedal sheep, and even ate human flesh as rations in wartime!

The enslaved Han people moved south on a large scale. They entered Xiangyang from the Central Plains via Nanyang, Henan, and entered the Yangtze River along the Hanshui River to Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu. To the south, from Jiujiang to Poyang Lake, or enter the mountainous area of southern Jiangxi along the Ganjiang River. Its vanguard has arrived in Tai Po, Meizhou and Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty for nine years (AD 4 13), and established Zhao Yi County on the basis of "floating private enterprises". At this time, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, overseas Chinese states, counties and counties were set up specifically for the resettlement of immigrants from the Central Plains, and various preferential treatments were given. This trend has continued for more than 70 years, with a population of12 million.

B. The second great migration of Hakkas:

Since the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty, the national situation has turned from prosperity to decline, and the situation of separatist regions has occurred from time to time. Coupled with the famine in the central plains for years, the government exploited and exploited, and the people were in dire straits. Many fireworks in urban and rural areas have been broken, and it is a depression. Soon, the peasant uprising led by Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao broke out. The insurgents marched into the Central Plains and moved to Yu Sheng, north and south of the Yangtze River.

These places are the areas where the Han people moved south for the first time. Only Gannan, southwestern Fujian and northeastern Guangdong are the "promised land" affected by the war, so most of the Hakka ancestors in these provinces went back to the Ganjiang River from Jiujiang and settled in the triangle of Gannan, western Fujian and northeastern Guangdong today. According to the records of Hakka genealogy, most immigrants in this period took refuge in Shibidong, Ninghua, Fujian. This southward migration lasted for more than 90 years and lasted until the Five Dynasties after the Tang Dynasty.

C. The third time is the great migration in the formation of Hakka clans:

In AD 1 126, the Jingkang disaster occurred, and Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was captured by Jin Bing. Song Gaozong Nandu became emperor in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) and established the Southern Song Dynasty. Millions of people moved south with Emperor Gaozong. After Jin people entered the Central Plains, they seized private land and promoted slavery. In order to escape the war, the Han people in the Yellow River valley crossed the river south again. Later, Mongolia destroyed gold and entered the Central Plains. As the Mongols pushed southward, the borders of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong became the battlefields in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Wen Tianxiang rose up against Yuan and led the rebels to Meizhou. Hakka children joined the army and moved to Fujian and Guangdong. More than 800 people joined the army only by letting go of Zhuoxing's family. "Men wear clothes and women wear them, and eight thousand children work hard." In order to seek a peaceful environment, the Hakkas who moved here earlier continued to move south and entered Meizhou and Huizhou in eastern Guangdong. Because the household registration at this time is divided into "subject" and "object", all immigrants and naturalized people are included in the "object". And "Hakka" calls itself "Hakka".

D. The fourth Hakka migration:

There are two reasons for Hakkas' fourth migration: First, they were influenced by Manchu's entry into the Central Plains. When the Qing soldiers entered Fujian and Guangdong, the righteous Hakkas came forward to call on the masses to raise righteousness against the Qing Dynasty, and were forced to scatter everywhere after their failure. Some went to Taiwan Province Province with Zheng Chenggong; Moved to northern Guangdong, central Guangdong and western Guangdong; Some went to Guangxi, Hunan and Sichuan. The second is the expansion of Hakka population. After more than 200 years of development, the Hakka population in the border areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong has greatly increased, but there are few local Shan Ye and insufficient agricultural harvest, so they want to develop abroad. It coincided with the immigration movement of "moving lakes and filling Sichuan" initiated by the Qing government during the reign of Kangxi. As a result, a large number of Han people who moved from the Central Plains to the two lakes and Guangdong entered Sichuan. The ancestors of Zhu De, Guo Moruo and Han were all Hakkas who moved to Sichuan from Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian.

E. The fifth Hakka migration:

During the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement led by Hong Xiuquan, with Hakkas as the basic team, moved south for more than ten years. After the fall of Tianjing, the insurgents were destroyed and the people fled. During this period, there was a gun battle between natives and guests in central Guangdong, which lasted for 12 years. In order to solve the disputes between the aborigines and the Hakkas, the Qing government specially designated Chixi area in Taishan to resettle the Hakkas. The unrest caused the Hakkas to start another great migration, moving to Hainan and Guangxi, and even crossing the ocean to make a living.

6. Hakkas emigrate overseas: Hakkas have a history of emigrating overseas besides constantly emigrating at home.

Since the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Hakkas have migrated overseas by sea and land while migrating to southern provinces. The sea route starts from Xiamen, Shantou, Guangzhou, Haikou, Humen, Hong Kong and Chixi, Taishan, and ventures to all parts of Nanyang by boat. Land enters Myanmar, Vietnam and other places through the borders of Guangxi and Yunnan. Among them, there were volunteers who fled overseas after the failure of resisting Yuan in the late Song Dynasty, the "anti-Qing" in the early Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in the late Qing Dynasty and various armed uprisings led by Sun Yat-sen in the early period, and a considerable number of bankrupt farmers and urban poor who either sailed by boat, or were robbed, tricked and hired as "contract Chinese laborers" to work in Nanyang and other places. Since the mid-20th century, some people have migrated from their original countries to Europe, America, other countries and even other parts of the world. Now Hakka descendants have spread all over more than 80 countries and regions on five continents. As the saying goes, "Where there is sea water, there are Chinese, and where there are Chinese, there are Hakkas".

The above content comes from ("People's Daily Hakka Five Migrations")

2. paddock and ancestral hall:

Hakka people who have been migrating in history will never give up worshipping their ancestors no matter what difficulties they face. Or the bitter experience makes Hakkas miss their ancestors' silent efforts more. In the paddock that best reflects Hakka architectural style, as the most central area of the paddock, it must be the ancestral hall!

As a building where Hakkas move to other places, enclosure is the first safety factor to be considered when building! The surrounding houses are a barrier for Hakkas to settle in a foreign land. In this dangerous place, the Hakka people arrange the ancestral hall in the best and most spacious position, and you will know that the tradition of the Hakka ancestral hall is something that really goes deep into the bone marrow!

There have been many large-scale bloody conflicts in the history of disputes between aborigines and Hakkas living here! Because of an acre of land and a well, thousands of people fought with weapons. There are dozens of such incidents, which are clearly recorded in history books. Therefore, Hakkas need to enclose their houses and have a spiritual sustenance in different places!

There are two ideal directions for spiritual sustenance, one is religion and the other is the ancestor of the family.

Second, the ancestral temple culture:

1. Natural attributes of farming civilization:

China has been a farming civilization since ancient times, and the related culture can not be separated from it! Under the agricultural civilization, what is most needed is the working population, who live in a relatively fixed place and engage in agricultural production regularly according to phenological laws. These elements, historical and cultural, have guided the whole Chinese nation, and almost all of them run through history!

Not to mention agriculture, from the emperor to the people, agriculture has always been the top priority! Militarily, in order to protect cultivated land and prevent crops from being destroyed during farming, the village in the city was originally built to solve the problems of fixed residence, fixed farming and safety! Religious immortals are all teachers of the law, each performing his duties, not local gods, regardless of local affairs.

The same is true of ancestral temple culture. Why Hakka people pay special attention to ancestral temple culture is inseparable from the way Hakka people have always insisted on farming (it is certain that there are very few employed people working in agriculture now! The religious gods produced under the farming civilization are all in charge of each other! Hakka people who are always alienated are unwilling to believe that the gods in their native land will receive incense and blessings in other places. Therefore, the Hakkas chose their ancestors closer to themselves as spiritual sustenance! Give faith.

2. Looking at ancestral temple culture from the perspective of modern science:

Modern parenting, enlightenment education, psychology and other related fields have clear experimental data and scientific conclusions to tell people a fact-the sense of family ceremony plays an irreplaceable role in the growth of family members, especially the growth of children and adolescents! The stronger the sense of family ceremony, the stronger the cohesion within the family, and the fewer defects in behavior and character the children in the family will have when they grow up! Almost the opposite of childhood misfortune and growing insecurity!

I believe that it is the Hakkas who, after several generations' observation, find this sense of family ceremony useful in the pursuit of ancestral temple culture! It's good! It's just that there may be reasons for misinterpreting this benefit (the gap between scientific explanation and protecting ancestors is definitely not clear for one or two generations! ), but the effect is really good, and it is a spiritual sustenance, so I will always stick to it!

3. The rebirth of ancestral temple culture;

The above is only an explanation of ancient or modern ancestral temple culture. What about modern ancestral temple culture? Is a grateful feedback, a sense of belonging! Now, not only Fujian, but also all parts of the country have set off an upsurge of ancestral temple culture (Qiu's ancestral temple covers an area of 200 mu), which is a kind of family prosperity. After the branches are scattered, look back on the past, be grateful to your ancestors, your hometown and the people! It is also a person who drifts away from home, struggles away from home, moves towards success, and wants to gain a sense of belonging about seeking roots!

Root culture, in the final analysis, is still the embodiment of the long-term dominant position of farming civilization in Chinese civilization! In nomadic civilization, we don't pay attention to the inheritance of roots, such a fixed place and a fixed way! Under the marine civilization, not to mention the root, this vocabulary obviously restricts free navigation!

This is brought by the nature of civilization! Ancestral temple culture is a kind of root culture, which is a comfort for people to feel a sense of belonging in the eighties!

Every household in Fujian has ancestral halls for three reasons: geography, history and culture.

Geographically, Fujian is surrounded by mountains and seas, and the land of Bamin, "eight mountains, two waters and one field", is far from the Central Plains dynasty. Therefore, during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Fujian was chosen for the southern crossing. In modern times, land reform and "breaking the four old" were carried out, and Fujian was also incomplete, retaining a lot of things.

Historically, whenever there was civil strife in the Central Plains Dynasty and the northern gentry moved south, Fujian and Guangdong generations would be the first choice. This is how Jinjiang and Luoyang Jiangdu in Quanzhou came. In order to preserve the integrity and purity of the clan, the gentry who moved to the south built earth buildings and villages on buildings, and also attached great importance to the continuation and inheritance of the clan in culture.

Culturally, Zhejiang is greatly influenced, and Fujian is greatly influenced by Zhu. Zhu Zu was born in Fujian, and his thought of family rituals and sacrifices had a great influence on Fujian people, especially Hakkas. In addition to the role of clan, it also attaches great importance to folk religion, and there are many overseas immigrants.

Revision: Every family has ancestral tablets or every village has ancestral temples (this may be more appropriate).

My opinion: First, the ancestors of Fujian people are mostly Du Nan gentry, who are keen on clan culture; Second, since the Song Dynasty, Fujian has been influenced by Confucianism, and the concept of clan is particularly heavy.

First, the gentry of Han nationality in Du Nan moved to other places.

Fujian was once the land of seven provinces in Fujian. Since Emperor Wu destroyed Fujian and moved hundreds of thousands of Fujian and Vietnamese aborigines to Jianghuai, the rivers and mountains in Fujian have disappeared. Yexian County was established in the only remaining Fuzhou area, leaving only some Han troops guarding the territory.

By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Soochow conquered Ouyue again, gradually extended its sphere of influence to northern Fujian, established Jian 'an County, and took over the whole of Fujian.

Then, after the Eight Kings Rebellion and Yongjia Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty, a large number of gentry in the Central Plains moved southward one after another. Among them, the part in Fujian was called "Yongjia Rebellion, the eight families who first entered Fujian", namely Lin, Huang, Chen, Zheng, Zhan, Qiu, He and Hu, which were almost occupied in the later development process.

Secondly, in this over-developed land of Zhu, the Confucianism of loyalty to the monarch and love for the family is serious.

Continuing the concept of home and country since the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, coupled with the crazy cultural prosperity of Fujian in the Song Dynasty, Fujian has always had a deeper feeling of respecting ancestors than other regions.

In Fujian, there has always been a story of "Tokyo sinking, Fujian floating".

During the Southern Song Dynasty, a great scholar like Zhu appeared in Fujian, and he redefined the ideal of home and country and the code of conduct in a cultural capital like Fujian. The concept of loyalty to the monarch, patriotism and self-cultivation was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people at that time, and it was at that time that Quanzhou, Fujian Province gained the reputation of "the place was called the Buddhist country in ancient times and filled with saints". This is especially true in Fujian, where the whole region is immersed in a cultural feast and can be continued by future generations.

The most direct expression of this thought is the clan and national position. It is also from the Song Dynasty that the system of moral autonomy began to take shape in the large and small family settlements in Fujian, and through the imperial examination, the rule of family was sublimated to the rule of the country, which has continued to this day.

The continuous continuation of this family business and the crowning touch of the imperial examination made every village-level settlement in Fujian show a strong cultural temperament of farming and reading. In order to remember the virtues of ancestors and the clear training of family management, I hope that future generations will inherit the beautiful traditions and maintain and strengthen the cohesion of clan against external forces. These places are firmly tied together by clan ancestral halls. It can be said that it is a moral constraint, and it can also be said that it is dedicated to doing great things, and this is also the reason why Fujian ancestral temple culture has flourished so far.

Not every household! It's every surname in every village! Not only Fujian, but also the whole southern countryside, basically every village has ancestral halls. For example, in my family, every village is named Pan, but eight ancestral halls have been built. Ancestral hall is the embodiment of patriarchal clan system. Basically, the Han people in the south are northerners, and there are few wars in the south, so the traditional culture is basically preserved. The ancestral temple is to let future generations not forget their ancestors and where they come from. There are also weddings and funerals in the ancestral hall.

Ancestral temple is the spiritual sustenance of ancestors' thoughts!

Because of the fight.

Who is the ancestral temple dedicated to? -Ancestors

Whose interests does the ancestral temple safeguard? -Family

What kind of order does the ancestral temple maintain? -Blood relationship

So why should every village have an ancestral temple? Because we need to maintain cohesion.

This kind of cohesion can't be shown in daily life, but it can be shown in war.

In the past, the contradiction between one village and one surname was the contradiction among the people.

Therefore, there are many struggles between villages in history, and bullying with the most popular name also occurs frequently.

Answer: First of all, we need to correct this problem. Not every household in Fujian has an ancestral temple. I also checked the number of ancestral temples in Fujian as follows: According to the survey in August of 20 15, the total number of ancestral temples in Fujian Province is about 13272, with an average of 359 per 10,000 people, and 156 in each county and city, ranking first in the country in terms of total number of ancestral temples and number of ancestral temples per 10,000 people. So many ancestral temples are valuable cultural heritage in Fujian Province. Then there are 2,686 ancestral temples in Longyan, with the largest per capita, followed by 2,436 in Zhangzhou, followed by Quanzhou and Ningde. Of course, most ancestral temples were renovated after the founding of New China, and many ancestral temples were built in the past 30 years.

As for why so many ancestral temples have been built? It can only be said that Fujian people have a strong sense of clan. How can we remember our ancestors? Let's build a ancestral temple. There are so many ancestral halls.

My hometown is located in a small plain in Fujian adjacent to Guangdong. Like all the surrounding villages, the ancestral hall stands in front of the village. The ancestral hall faces south, with a flat concrete floor in front for tables, chairs and sacrifices, and a narrow lake in front of the village, connecting a vast field.

In addition to the small villages managed by natural villages named Shen and Zheng (they also have their own ancestral halls), almost all our villages are surnamed Chen. Ancestral halls are generally empty, and the gods worshipped as ancestors are not placed in the ancestral halls, but in the temples in the village. Unless there is a major imperial clan celebration, villagers usually go to the temple to worship their ancestors.

There are only two or three big festivals every year, such as Grandpa's birthday. It is very grand to invite the ancestors' idols to the ancestral hall, the band is ringing, firecrackers are flying, the villagers in the village offer the best sacrifices to worship, and then invite the troupe (Chao Opera) to perform.

Except for big festivals, ancestral temples will be used, because there are old people who have died in the village and need a big venue for funerals, but this is an ancestor idol that absolutely cannot be found in ancestral temples.

When I was a child, I often went to the surrounding villages to play. The ancestral temples I saw in each village are basically the same, and they are also used to hold imperial clan festivals and handle funerals in the village. Villages with more money will manage the repair of ancestral temples better, while others will look shabby.

I also asked the villagers why there were ancestral temples. The old man said that it has existed since our village, and it is a tradition left by our ancestors.

Ancestral temple is the spiritual sustenance given to ancestors by clan, the root culture and the essence of civilization!

Hakka is an important branch of Han nationality, and it is the main component of aborigines in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Taiwan Province and other places in China. Hakka, as an ancient Han immigrant group in the south, is one of the most widely distributed and far-reaching ethnic groups in the world.

The formation of Hakkas did not happen overnight, but it took five great migrations in history to evolve into the current Hakkas!

In the first year of Yongkang in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 300), the "Eight Kings Rebellion" occurred in the Central Plains. At this time, the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qiang, Bian, Jie and other ethnic minorities in the north took advantage of the situation and fought endlessly with each other, causing the Central Plains to fall into a turbulent situation of "five chaotic flowers blooming". After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Central Plains became the world of conference semifinals. They abandoned farmland, herded cattle and sheep, enslaved Han people, called them bipedal sheep, and even ate human flesh as rations in wartime!

Fujian was once the land of seven provinces in Fujian. Since Emperor Wu destroyed Fujian and moved hundreds of thousands of Fujian and Vietnamese aborigines to Jianghuai, the rivers and mountains in Fujian have disappeared. Yexian County was established in the only remaining Fuzhou area, leaving only some Han troops guarding the territory.

By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Soochow conquered Ouyue again, gradually extended its sphere of influence to northern Fujian, established Jian 'an County, and took over the whole of Fujian.

Root culture, in the final analysis, is still the embodiment of the long-term dominant position of farming civilization in Chinese civilization! In nomadic civilization, we don't pay attention to the inheritance of roots, such a fixed place and a fixed way! Under the marine civilization, not to mention the root, this vocabulary obviously restricts free navigation!

China has been a farming civilization since ancient times, and the related culture can not be separated from it! Under the agricultural civilization, what is most needed is the working population, who live in a relatively fixed place and engage in agricultural production regularly according to phenological laws. These elements, historical and cultural, have guided the whole Chinese nation, and almost all of them run through history!

There have been many large-scale bloody conflicts in the history of disputes between aborigines and Hakkas living here! Because of an acre of land and a well, thousands of people fought with weapons. There are dozens of such incidents, which are clearly recorded in history books. Therefore, Hakkas need to enclose their houses and have a spiritual sustenance in different places!

This is brought by the nature of civilization! Ancestral temple culture is a kind of root culture, which is a comfort for people to feel a sense of belonging in the eighties!

There are two ideal directions for spiritual sustenance, one is religion and the other is the ancestor of the family.

Because most people in Fujian have ancestral temples.