If I want to apply for H1B in the United States next year, how early next year can I apply? How long does it usually take for the application results to come out (or how many months at the latest)?

The U.S. Immigration Service starts processing H1B applications for this year on April 1 every year. Generally, it is sufficient to ensure that the Immigration Service receives application materials before April 1.

However, H1B application requires the cooperation of the company and it is difficult to apply by yourself. First of all, the application fee (previously US$5,000, I don’t know if it has changed now) is legally stipulated that it must be paid by the company that hires you, not by you yourself; secondly, the company must also provide financial statements, documents proving the company’s operating conditions, etc.

As for how long the application will have to wait, no one can say for sure. There is no such thing as the "latest" month it will be available. It usually takes three months, but I've seen people wait six months. If it is urgent, you can apply for premium process, but you will have to pay a premium processing fee of US$1,500. Expedited processing usually results in two weeks.